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441. Archived: Evidence Summary: Glaucoma: Screening, 2005 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/glaucoma-screening-2005
     March 07, 2005 - Results: No randomized, controlled trials of population screening for POAG have been reported. … A dilated eye examination with direct ophthalmoscopy by an ophthalmologist has a reported sensitivity … The reported sensitivity and specificity of perimetry varies based on the method used and the cutoff … A second study found moderate correlations between decreased self-reported visual function and both visual … No information was reported on the number of patients who underwent cataract surgery and the impact on

442. Archived: Syphilis Infection: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/syphilis-infection-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - In 1994, 20,627 cases of primary and secondary syphilis were reported in the United States. 1 Primary … In recent data, nearly all counties with a high incidence of reported syphilis cases (more than 10/100,000 … were in large metropolitan areas or in southern states nearly two thirds of all counties in the U.S. reported … no cases of primary or secondary syphilis in the most recent year. 1 The incidence of reported infections … The local incidence of syphilis in the community and the number of sex partners reported by an individual

443. Archived: Final Recommendation Statement: Screening for Depression in Adults | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/RecommendationStatementFinal/depression-in-adults-screening
     January 26, 2016 - Other outcomes were sparsely reported. … The reported effect was smaller (18%) and did not reach significance in the trial of pregnant women but … was in the same direction. 16 The 4 studies that reported remission or response rates reported significant … One trial in older adults reported paradoxical effects from screening, as previously discussed. … None of the trials addressing the benefits of behavioral-based interventions reported on harms of treatment

444. Archived: Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/latent-tuberculosis-infection-screening-september-2016
     September 06, 2016 - None of the treatment studies reported on transmission rates of tuberculosis. … Potential Harms of Screening and Treatment The USPSTF identified no studies that directly reported … The most consistently reported harm was hepatotoxicity. … A few studies also reported on gastrointestinal adverse events. … Reported Tuberculosis in the United States, 2014.

445. Archived: Evidence Summary: Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnancy to Prevent Preterm Delivery: Screening, 2001 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/bacterial-vaginosis-pregnancy-prevent-preterm-delivery-screening-2001
     January 01, 2001 - Four high-risk studies reported results for preterm delivery less than 34 weeks. … No study of average-risk women reported preterm delivery before 34 weeks, and two reported results for … Four studies 36–39 reported results for preterm delivery less than 37 weeks ( Figure 2 ). … Four studies reported preterm delivery or spontaneous preterm delivery prior to 34 weeks. … Morales et al. 36 reported benefit of treatment and reported a high proportion of women reporting two

446. JAMA JATS (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Nop5YpEpMybx_oNPKC76-X
     July 11, 2017 - Among 14 trials of behavioral interventions that reported on adverse events, none re- ported any serious … Patient Health Outcomes The USPSTF considered 4 trials (involving 51 356 individuals) that reported on … Overall, these behavioral interventions appeared to improve self-reported measures of health- related … Eight trials reported on the in- cidence of important patient events, including falls, injuries, and … No other disclosures are reported. Funding/Support: The USPSTF is an independent, voluntary body.

447. Archived: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - Lederle reported a sensitivity of 50% and a positive predictive value of 35% in a high-risk population … In contrast, Allen reported a 22% sensitivity, 94% specificity, and positive predictive value of 17% … . 17  No large-scale community-based studies of screening for AAA by physical examination have been reported … Reported sensitivities range from 82% to 99%, with sensitivity approaching 100% in some series of patients … prospective or retrospective controlled trials of screening for AAA that include outcome data have yet been reported

448. Final Evidence Summary: Hearing Loss in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary29/hearing-loss-in-older-adults-screening
     August 15, 2012 - The accuracy of self-reported hearing loss in women aged 60-85 years. … Accuracy of self-reported hearing loss. Audiology . 1998;37:295-301. … Validation of self-reported hearing loss. The Blue Mountains Hearing Study. … The accuracy of self-reported hearing loss in older Latino-American adults. … Self-reported hearing handicap and audiometric measures in older adults.

449. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Hearing Loss in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary29/hearing-loss-in-older-adults-screening-august-2012
     August 15, 2012 - The accuracy of self-reported hearing loss in women aged 60-85 years. … Accuracy of self-reported hearing loss. Audiology . 1998;37:295-301. … Validation of self-reported hearing loss. The Blue Mountains Hearing Study. … The accuracy of self-reported hearing loss in older Latino-American adults. … Self-reported hearing handicap and audiometric measures in older adults.

450. Archived: Evidence Summary: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary8/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening-2014
     January 15, 2014 - Trials also reported AAA rupture and all-cause mortality rates. … Only MASS reported non-AAA causes of death, showing similar causes of death in the invited and control … Two trials reported no differences in AAA-related mortality outcomes when stratified by age. 40 , 42 … No trial reported participants' smoking history, AAA family history, or race or ethnicity. … An unchanged risk over time was reported in Viborg.

451. Screening for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adults: A Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ZrLh7o2TpPpY9WXXWbXbGk
     January 01, 2013 - study of percutaneous liver biopsies (n � 2740) in HCV-infected patients with compensated cirrhosis reported … Gunn et al, 2003; United States (38) Cross-sectional 3367 STD clinic Age �30 y: 4.6% Female: Not reported … Self-reported injection drug use: 5.7% A: Screen all B: Ever injected drugs (self-report) C: Ever … Two other small studies (n � 126 and n � 166) included in the 2004 USPSTF review reported no episodes … Self-reported hepatitis C virus antibody status and risk behavior in young injec- tors.

452. Physicians’ Roles in Preventing Dental Caries in Preschool Children: A Summary of the Evidence (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/xXX8ZeqpmqtMURtJSfub56
     April 01, 2004 - In 2 studies,16,18 only 69% and 74% of pediatricians and 26% and 58% of family practitioners reported … Only small proportions of physicians ever reported using water sample analyses to determine fluoride … Two patient-based assessments of management of fluoride supplementation have been reported.25,26 Twenty … Before and after behavioral data were self-reported. … However, these studies are primarily self-reported, have relatively low response rates, were conducted

453. Archived: Evidence Summary: Blood Pressure in Adults (Hypertension): Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary15/blood-pressure-in-adults-hypertension-screening
     October 15, 2007 - Serious adverse effects were uncommon, and 2 of the 3 reported events were probably not related to the … Headache was commonly reported in both groups. … The most commonly reported adverse effect was headache (overall rate, 20% [range, 16% to 25%]). … Erectile dysfunction was reported by 2 of 61 eplerenone recipients and no amlodipine recipients. … Serious AEs were uncommon (2%-3%), and 2 of the 3 reported were probably not related to the drug.

454. Archived: Evidence Summary: Blood Pressure in Adults (Hypertension): Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary15/blood-pressure-in-adults-hypertension-screening-2007
     October 15, 2007 - Serious adverse effects were uncommon, and 2 of the 3 reported events were probably not related to the … Headache was commonly reported in both groups. … The most commonly reported adverse effect was headache (overall rate, 20% [range, 16% to 25%]). … Erectile dysfunction was reported by 2 of 61 eplerenone recipients and no amlodipine recipients. … Serious AEs were uncommon (2%-3%), and 2 of the 3 reported were probably not related to the drug.

455. Evidence for the Reaffirmation of the USPSTF Recommendaiton on Screening for High Blood Pressure (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/KSYrhQuAswGjTww_4sDFGZ
     December 01, 2007 - Serious AEs were uncommon (2%–3%), and 2 of the 3 reported were probably not related to the drug. … Adverse effects were reported in 50% of the diltiazem group and 40% of the ramipril group. … Headache was commonly reported in both groups. … The most commonly reported adverse effect was headache (overall rate, 20% [range, 16% to 25%]). … Erectile dysfunc- tion was reported by 2 of 61 eplerenone recipients and no amlodipine recipients.

456. Behavioral Counseling to Prevent Skin Cancer: A Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ofaMtvNZ-5KdhWAJjXfZpN
     February 01, 2011 - Among adolescents in the United States, for example, about 83% reported at least 1 sunburn during the … In the 1 trial (724 participants) that also reported individ- ual types of behavior change, only the … The Norwegian–Swedish Women’s Lifestyle and Health Cohort Study found that women who reported regular … One study found a protective effect for women who reported always using sunscreen compared with those … who reported sometimes or never using sun- screen.

457. Evidence Summary: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Events: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-and-cancer
     April 11, 2016 - Ten trials reported RRs of 0.81 to 0.98, and 1 trial 24 reported an RR greater than 1. … All 11 trials 24 , 30-33 , 35-37 , 39-41 reported sex-specific results. … Three trials 32 , 40 , 41 conducted in both men and women reported MI by sex. … The same 3 trials reported stroke by sex. … These CIs overlapped, however, and no interaction testing was reported.

458. Archived: Evidence Summary: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Events: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-and-cancer-april-2016
     April 11, 2016 - Ten trials reported RRs of 0.81 to 0.98, and 1 trial 24 reported an RR greater than 1. … All 11 trials 24 , 30-33 , 35-37 , 39-41 reported sex-specific results. … Three trials 32 , 40 , 41 conducted in both men and women reported MI by sex. … The same 3 trials reported stroke by sex. … These CIs overlapped, however, and no interaction testing was reported.

459. Archived: Evidence Summary: Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary28/cognitive-impairment-in-older-adults-screening-2014
     October 22, 2013 - not commonly reported. … Other outcomes were sparsely reported. … Other outcomes were sparsely reported. … Other outcomes were sparsely reported. … Other outcomes were sparsely reported.

460. 6Ngc3Byq9Jeby Pwyvd6Or (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/6Ngc3byQ9jeBy_pwyvD6or
     September 01, 2014 - To allow the comparison of rates of perioperative harms reported in RCTs with those from sources that … Two RCTs reported strokes after angiography. … Two trials reported perioperative (30-day), nonfatal myocardial infarctions (MIs). … The VACS reported 4 events in the CEA group and none in the medical therapy group. … One RCT (CREST) reported a 2.2% rate of any MI after CEA and 1.2% after CAAS (51).