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41. Evidence Summary: Iron Deficiency Anemia in Young Children: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary23/iron-deficiency-anemia-in-young-children-screening
    March 30, 2015 - Ten trials assessing iron supplementation in children reported inconsistent findings for hematologic … The effect of IDA in infancy and childhood has been reported in few well-designed, long-term controlled … When otherwise not reported and where possible, relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs … Race or ethnicity was poorly reported. … Six trials (5 fair-quality and 1 poor-quality; n values ranged from 62 to 1657) reported the effect

42. Behavioral Counseling to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/HQGXw2wkcM7q6TA5eWzdT5
    January 01, 2010 - ) or self-reported behavioral outcomes Self-reported measures of attitude, knowledge, beliefs, ability … In general, few studies reported on other behavioral or biological outcomes (for example, self-reported … Five trials did not show an increase in self- reported unprotected sex (or decrease in self-reported … Self-reported STI incidence and self- reported behavioral outcomes are particularly subject to both assessment … Only 1 trial showed a decrease in self-reported unprotected sexual intercourse and increase in self-reported

43. Evidence Summary: Syphilis Infection During Pregnancy: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/syphilis-infection-in-pregnancy-screening
    May 13, 2025 - Detailed methods and results are available in the full evidence review. 4 The review also reported on … prospective study of traditional 2-step screening (nontreponemal test followed by treponemal test) reported … One study comparing a treponemal test with a nonstandard, composite 2-step screening algorithm reported … ,and 1 good-quality study (n = 91) reported that 2.5% of participants had adverse reactions to standard … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

44. Screening for Syphilis: A Brief Update (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/8L5g-QzXLDnUofBUE457DN
    July 01, 2004 - increased by 2.1% from 2000 rates (to 6,103 reported cases) and was the first increase since 1990. … From 2000 to 2001, the number of reported cases declined by 19.5% for women. … This increase was reported as having occurred primarily among men who have sex with men.11 The rising … rate of syphilis in this group of men was reported in other U.S. cities as well, including Seattle, … in African Americans, representing a rate 16 times greater than that reported in whites.

45. Archived: Final Evidence Review: Syphilis Infection: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-review93/syphilis-infection-screening-2004
    July 15, 2004 - to the health department when detected. 9 Differences in reported rates by race and ethnicity may … nationally. 10 According to CDC data, rates of primary and secondary syphilis reported in the U.S. … increased by 2.1 percent from 2000 rates (to 6,103 reported cases) and was the first increase since … From 2000 to 2001, the number of reported cases declined by 19.5 percent for women. … rate of syphilis in this group of men was reported in other U.S. cities as well, including Seattle,

46. Recommendation: Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/cognitive-impairment-in-older-adults-screening
    February 25, 2020 - For example, a pooled analysis of 9 trials (n = 1089) that reported change in the Zarit-22 (a 22-item … Seven trials reported caregiver depression outcomes. … As noted, for interventions for which studies reported an improvement in measures, the average effect … Twenty-one of the trials (n = 5688) that evaluated other medications or supplements reported on harms … Dr Barry reported receiving grants and personal fees from Healthwise.

47. Evidence Summary: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/vitamin-d-calcium-or-combined-supplementation-for-the-primary-prevention-of-fractures-in-adults-preventive-medication
    April 17, 2018 - In addition, the full evidence report includes results from sensitivity analyses not reported here. … Characteristics of included studies are reported in Table 1 . … Only 1 reported on total fracture incidence; in this trial, fractures were reported in 119 participants … similar to characteristics reported in the studies largely focused on primary prevention. … No other authors reported disclosures.

48. Recommendation: Illicit Drug Use in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: Primary Care-Based Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/drug-use-illicit-primary-care-interventions-for-children-and-adolescents
    May 26, 2020 - All were computer-based interventions and reported greater reductions of misuse, ranging from 0.1 to … positive findings at 1 or more follow-ups, nearly half of the trials reported no clear benefit, and … , although no outcome was widely reported. … No trials reported mortality. … Dr Barry reported receiving grants and personal fees from Healthwise.

49. Evidence Summary: Skin Cancer Prevention: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/skin-cancer-counseling
    March 20, 2018 - Of these, 21 unique trials reported in 27 articles were included: 6 reported results in pediatric populations … Sunscreen use was the most commonly reported individual behavior. … Two adult trials reported harms. … No studies reported skin cancer outcomes. … an intervention effect for self-reported sunburns at 3-mo follow-up.

50. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Speech and Language Delay in Preschool Children: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary47/speech-and-language-delay-in-preschool-children-screening-2006
    February 15, 2006 - The most consistently reported risk factors included a family history of speech and language delay, male … Studies that were rated good-to-fair quality reported wide ranges of sensitivity and specificity when … Fourteen good- and fair-quality randomized, controlled trials of interventions reported significantly … Prevalence rates for speech and language delay have been reported across wide ranges. … In 1 study, 43% of parents reported that their young child (aged 10 to 35 months) did not receive any

51. Final Recommendation Statement: Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/RecommendationStatementFinal/asymptomatic-bacteriuria-in-adults-screening
    September 24, 2019 - Seven studies reported screening at the first prenatal visit, 2 studies reported the specific gestational … In general, characteristics of participants were sparsely reported across studies, with none reporting … . 20 , 22-24 , 28 , 29 , 31 Five studies (n = 961) reported on congenital malformations. … Overall, harms were not reported consistently, which limited the conclusions that could be drawn from … No other disclosures were reported.

52. Recommendation: Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/asymptomatic-bacteriuria-in-adults-screening
    September 24, 2019 - Seven studies reported screening at the first prenatal visit, 2 studies reported the specific gestational … In general, characteristics of participants were sparsely reported across studies, with none reporting … . 20 , 22-24 , 28 , 29 , 31 Five studies (n = 961) reported on congenital malformations. … Overall, harms were not reported consistently, which limited the conclusions that could be drawn from … No other disclosures were reported.

53. Archived: Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/impaired-visual-acuity-in-older-adults-screening-2016
    March 01, 2016 - In 2011, about 12% of US adults aged 65 to 74 years and 15% of those 75 years or older reported having … In 2011, an estimated 12% of US adults aged 65 to 74 years and 15% of those 75 years or older reported … One study on the Amsler grid reported poor accuracy for detecting any visual condition compared with … The study reported poor accuracy, depending on the cutoff score; sensitivity ranged from 0.11 to 0.52 … small improvements in vision-related functional scores in the treatment group, and 1 trial reported

54. Recommendation: Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy: Screening and Supplementation | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/iron-deficiency-anemia-in-pregnant-women-screening-and-supplementation
    August 20, 2024 - Seven trials 20 , 22 , 27 , 28 , 32 , 38 , 41 (n = 4045) reported on maternal iron deficiency anemia … maternal hemoglobin values and 13 trials 20-22 , 24 , 26-29 , 31 , 32 , 39 , 41 (n = 19,075) reported … Harms of Screening and Supplementation No trials reported on harms of screening. … Twelve trials 20 , 24 , 26-28 , 30-33 , 39 , 41 , 43 (n = 22,716) reported evidence on the harms of … No other disclosures were reported.

55. Archived: Evidence Summary: Tobacco Use in Children and Adolescents: Primary Care Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary26/tobacco-use-in-children-and-adolescents-primary-care-interventions-2013
    December 11, 2012 - self-reported smoking status or harms were included. … Limitations:  No studies reported health outcomes. Interventions and measures were heterogeneous. … In 2011, 23.4% of high school students reported that they currently used a tobacco product 4 , 5 . … We included studies that reported harms at any follow-up time point. … We relied on measures of self-reported smoking because biochemical verification was not reported or used

56. Screening for Hepatitis B Infection in Pregnant Women: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/pFEM-gRfk6-Qj7grXkZQzC
    February 11, 2019 - that compared perinatal trans- mission rates over time were included for KQ3 (Table).3,4 One study reported … administered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, from 1994 to 2008.3 The second study reported … States between 1997 and 2010.4 Both studies documented low rates of perinatal transmission for the reported … very high rates of on-time prophylaxis completion Very low perinatal transmission rates (0.5%-0.8%) reported … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

57. Interventions to Prevent Perinatal Depression: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/-KMSTWRT9xbm7spaqDq_GE
    February 12, 2019 - None of the behavior-based interventions reported on harms directly. … Stress and anxiety were the most commonly reported other maternal or child outcome. … No infant or child outcomes were reported in these trials. … Discussion The summary of evidence is reported in Table 3. … No other authors reported disclosures.

58. Draft Recommendation: Perinatal Depression: Preventive Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/perinatal-depression-interventions-to-prevent
    April 22, 2025 - that among women with live births, the prevalence of self-reported depression during pregnancy was 16.8% … The main reported outcomes were depression status (measured as prevalence, incidence, and/or diagnosis … Other health outcomes reported and reviewed included measures of quality of life, anxiety, healthcare … Twenty trials (n=2,880) reported continuous symptom score measures. … The three trials of prophylactic psychotropic pharmacologic intervention reported no serious harms.

59. Archived: Evidence Summary: Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/obstructive-sleep-apnea-in-adults-screening-january-2017
    January 24, 2017 - Individual study quality ratings are reported in eTables 4 through 12 in the Supplement. … Thirty-four trials reported sufficient ESS data to include in meta-analyses. … Most were short-term RCTs (12 weeks or less) that reported zero or few deaths. … Supplement); most (29 RCTs) reported mortality rates at 12 weeks or less. … 1 reported 1 death in the group that received no treatment. 116 Five included trials reported at least

60. Primary Care–Based Interventions to Prevent Illicit Drug Use in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/v7kgKfbWsEFnPY3wkvkRGc
    May 26, 2020 - Force Summary of Recommendation Importance In 2017, an estimated 7.9% of persons aged 12 to 17 years reported … All were computer-based interventions and reported greater reductions of misuse, ranging from 0.1 to … , although no outcome was widely reported. … No trials reported mortality. … Dr Barry reported receiving grants and personal fees from Healthwise.