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41. Evidence Summary: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening
    December 10, 2019 - The results for pharmacotherapy interventions for KQ4 and KQ5 are not reported in depth in this article … [95% CI, 0.95-0.99]). 83 In addition to mortality outcomes, the screening trials reported ruptures … This group of heterogeneous studies reported that AAA-related mortality over 5 to 12 years was rare ( … All 5 screening trials reported more AAA-related operations in the invited group than in the control … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

42. Evidence Summary: Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Pregnant Women: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/hepatitis-b-virus-infection-in-pregnant-women-screening
    July 23, 2019 - that compared perinatal transmission rates over time were included for KQ3 ( Table ). 3 , 4 One study reported … administered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, from 1994 to 2008. 3 The second study reported … States between 1997 and 2010. 4 Both studies documented low rates of perinatal transmission for the reported … universal vaccination of all infants recommended regardless of maternal HBV status; HBIG harms not reported … : No new studies of screening were identified Treatment: No harms of screening or case management reported

43. Draft Recommendation: Folic Acid Supplementation to Prevent Neural Tube Defects: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/folic-acid-supplementation-prevent-neural-tube-defects
    February 21, 2023 - recommendation reported on the association between folic acid supplementation and neural tube defects … The study reported a statistically significant reduction in neural tube defects in women taking folic … This study reported no statistically significant associations between daily or less than daily folic … Two studies reported on associations between folic acid supplementation and ASD by timing. … Neither reported harms; however, one reported a statistically significant reduction of ASD associated

44. Evidence Summary: Perinatal Depression: Preventive Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/perinatal-depression-preventive-interventions
    February 12, 2019 - None of the behavior-based interventions reported on harms directly. … Stress and anxiety were the most commonly reported other maternal or child outcome. … No infant or child outcomes were reported in these trials. … Neither trial of antidepressants reported other maternal health outcomes or child outcomes. … No other authors reported disclosures.

45. Evidence Summary: Cervical Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/cervical-cancer-screening
    August 21, 2018 - Long-term follow-up was reported for 2 cotesting trials: the Swedescreen trial reported up to 13 years … Several studies reported on outcomes by age group, and 1 study reported on outcomes by age corresponding … Only the latter is reported; results from the control group are reported at 4 years and include the 2 … Only the latter is reported; results from the control group are reported at 4 years and include the 2 … Only the latter is reported; results from the control group are reported at 4 years and include the 2

46. Evidence Summary: Falls Prevention in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/falls-prevention-community-dwelling-older-adults-interventions
    June 04, 2024 - For KQ2, any trial-reported harms were included. … Five of these trials 51 , 54 , 60 , 62 , 72 also reported harms in the control group. … Zero percent 58 to 11% 56 reported falls during the intervention exercise program. … One trial 43 reported a fall-related wrist fracture (1/352). … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

47. Draft Recommendation: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Falls and Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/vitamin-d-calcium-combined-supplementation-primary-prevention-falls-fractures-communitydwelling-adults
    December 17, 2024 - Benefits of Interventions The USPSTF found 19 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that reported on fracture … 400 to 2,000 IU/day), while other studies prohibited personal use of supplements. 10 Seven trials reported … Two trials reported on clinical vertebral fracture outcomes. … However, only a minority of trials reported these outcomes, and ascertainment methods and details provided … related to adverse or serious adverse events varied among trials. 10 Eleven trials reported on the

48. Evidence Summary: Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/tobacco-use-in-adults-and-pregnant-women-counseling-and-interventions
    January 19, 2021 - Pooled results for all comparisons are reported in Table 2 . … included that reported on the harms of NRT, bupropion, or varenicline use. … reported rates of low birth- weight infants (<2500 g). 54 Other, less commonly reported data included … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported. … Six studies reported the effects of the intervention on smoking cessation.

49. Evidence Summary: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary14/lung-cancer-screening
    March 09, 2021 - Individual study quality ratings are reported in eTables 3 to 13 in the  JAMA  Supplement. … Figure 4 shows the calculated IRRs for the trials that reported lung cancer mortality. … for false-positive results were reported in 0.1% to 0.5% of all screened participants. … Doing so omitted some smaller studies that reported on harms of screening. … No other disclosures were reported.

50. Screening, Referral, Behavioral Counseling, and Preventive Interventions for Oral Health in Children and Adolescents Aged 5 to 17 Years: A Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/9AtjNaSwTXonz49w_DEbNz
    November 07, 2023 - gels included in a good-quality systematic review18 reported on tooth surface stain- ing. … All (n = 775) evaluated a resin-based sealant and reported no adverse events. … As reported in trials of SDF for arresting caries,99 the single trial86 of SDF for prevention reported … no adverse events and 1 trial reported 0.04% of children allocated to varnish reported a self-limited … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

51. Evidence Summary: Skin Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/skin-cancer-screening
    April 18, 2023 - When available, results for specific populations (eg, by age, sex, race, and ethnicity) were reported … However, 10-year follow-up data indicated that the previously reported mortality benefit appeared to … ]; P < .05) and adjusted estimates (adjusted HR, 0.75 [95% CI not reported]; not significant). … White patients. 32 Skin cancer risk factors were not reported. … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

52. Evidence Summary: Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Screening With Electrocardiography | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/cardiovascular-disease-risk-screening-with-electrocardiography
    June 12, 2018 - Four of the studies reported that all participants were asymptomatic; 1 reported that 16.5% had atypical … None of the studies reported CIs, and only 1 reported a P value; that value indicated no statistically … , 17 , 18 , 20 none reported figures such as calibration plots. … Neither study reported data on patient race/ethnicity. … When this table includes a range, the data were not reported for the full sample but were reported separately

53. Evidence Summary: Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/screening-for-prediabetes-and-type-2-diabetes
    August 24, 2021 - Results for KQ8 are reported in the eResults in the JAMA Supplement. … some information on anxiety from screening, 2 reported on depression, 2 reported on self-reported health … Harms of interventions for diabetes were sparsely reported, rare, and (when reported) not significantly … No other disclosures were reported. … Low for anxiety, depression, worry, or self-reported health.

54. Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Z6Rfj-qwfoMbuLp-hBmhzS
    May 01, 2021 - This review included 73 good- or fair-quality RCTs (reported in 87 articles) that reported at least 1 … The majority (28 RCTs) reported mortality rates at 24 weeks or less, and most of these (25 RCTs) reported … Two reported on mortality over a median duration of 4 to 5 years; 1 (n = 723) reported 8 deaths in the … Nineteen RCTs (reported in 24 articles) reported on harms associated with treatment of OSA, in- cluding … No other disclosures were reported.

55. Archived: Evidence Summary: Physical Activity: Behavior Counseling in Primary Care, July 2002 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/physical-activity-behavioral-counseling-primary-care-2002
    July 01, 2002 - Control: Not reported. … Most counseling details not reported. … Control: not reported.   … Not reported. … Adherence not reported.

56. Screening for Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/CPCr9xB4m5UcxxoN_WuUQt
    August 01, 2019 - Methods of assessing harms were variably reported. … One study reported social or occasional alcohol use at 77 percent,133 and one reported history of heavy … harms of EUS or ERCP (one with or without FNA159), one reported harms of CT,160 and one reported harms … Biopsy rates were also inconsistently reported. … (n=160) reported harms of MRI and one (n=98) reported harms of MRCP.155 One study reported harms of

57. Evidence Summary: Unhealthy Alcohol Use in Adolescents and Adults: Screening and Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/unhealthy-alcohol-use-in-adolescents-and-adults-screening-and-behavioral-counseling-interventions
    November 13, 2018 - If contingency tables were not reported, they were estimated using the reported sensitivity, specificity … alcohol use outcome was drinks per week, reported in 45 trials. … For the AUDIT-C, sensitivity was similar, but the range of reported specificity was wider. … widely reported. … Several studies reported on the acceptability of their interventions to participants and generally reported

58. Interventions to Prevent Illicit and Nonmedical Drug Use in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/oaVhMNVAnx3b5-UUunZkjr
    December 17, 2018 - Health, social, and legal outcomes were sparsely reported, and few showed improvements. … Nineteen trials reported a continuous measure, most com- monly the number of times illicit drugs were … -51,54,57-59 and all 3 Family Spirit trials.26,28,56 No single outcome was widely reported. … Health, social, and legal outcomes were sparsely reported, and few showed improvements. … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

59. Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Persons: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/v7w4xaGG822hVc_SCU3tQ_
    November 01, 2022 - very few cases of breast cancer.8,9 The WHI also reported on breast cancer mortal- ity. … In the WHI (n = 15 874), fewer persons ran- domized to estrogen plus progestin reported a new diagnosis … The WHI (n = 14 203) reported a significantly higher risk of gallbladder disease in persons random- ized … (self- reported) in persons taking estrogen plus progestin; both found in- creased risk. … The USPSTF reviewed additional studies related to the WHI that reported on outcomes Clinical Review

60. Screening for Atrial Fibrillation: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/qguycZWFxAQfzsJJFwEn23
    January 25, 2022 - - ies reported on the accuracy of various screening strategies (KQ3); 4 RCTs and 1 cohort study reported … in Table 1, with detailed characteristics reported in eTables 22 through 24 in the Supplement. … study characteristics and results are reported in eTables 30 and 31 in the Supplement. … Additional bleeding outcomes are reported in Figure 4 and in eTable 35 in the Supple- ment. … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.