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381. Recommendation: Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Pregnant Women: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/hepatitis-b-virus-infection-in-pregnant-women-screening
     July 23, 2019 - Serologic immunoassays for detecting HBsAg have a reported sensitivity and specificity greater than 98% … Two fair-quality observational studies reported perinatal transmission rates (primary outcome) over time … . 1 , 27 , 28 One study reported outcomes of case management from 1994 to 2008 for 155,081 infants … perinatal transmission were very low (0.75%), and a decreasing trend in perinatal transmission was reported … collection procedures. 1 Potential Harms of Screening and Treatment No studies were identified that reported

382. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Obesity in Adults: Screening and Management | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary38/obesity-in-adults-screening-and-management-2012
     October 15, 2011 - Limitations: Few studies reported health outcomes. … Only 1 metformin trial reported ethnicity; 45.3% of patients were nonwhite 84 . … These studies may have provided one or more components but not reported them. … No trials reported weight outcomes after orlistat therapy was stopped. … No studies reported serious adverse effects.

383. Recommendation: Perinatal Depression: Preventive Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/perinatal-depression-preventive-interventions
     February 12, 2019 - The main reported outcomes were depression status (measured as cumulative incidence, point prevalence … Other health outcomes such as quality of life, infant or child outcomes, and functioning were also reported … 1.5-point greater reduction in depression symptom severity compared with control groups. 2 Trials reported … Stress (4 trials) 39 , 41-43 and anxiety (4 trials) 41 , 42 , 44 , 45 were the most common other reported … None of the other included intervention trials reported harms outcomes.

384. Recommendation: Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lipid-disorders-in-children-screening
     July 18, 2023 - Abnormal liver and musculoskeletal laboratory values were reported with statin use; however, most trials … Trials were generally small and short term, and none reported effects on cardiovascular events or mortality … The largest trial (n = 214), with 2-year follow-up, reported no cases in the statin group and only 2 … Dr Barry reported receiving grants from Healthwise, a nonprofit, outside the submitted work. … No other disclosures were reported.  

385. Screening for HIV Infection in Asymptomatic, Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/q_zxLD9JZFGoSPCrEHNk2g
     June 11, 2019 - Randomized trials of early vs delayed ART primarily reported outcomes using hazard Figure 2. … Relative risks (RRs) were calculated based on reported event rates, to calculate absolute risk differences … RRs and hazard ratios were very similar, and reported results are based on RRs. … on SeroConversion to AIDS and Death in Europe; HR, hazard ratio; IQR, interquartile range; NR, not reported … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

386. Archived: Final Research Plan: Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan141/obesity-in-children-and-adolescents-screening-june-2017
     February 12, 2015 - *Blood pressure, lipid levels, and insulin resistance are secondary outcomes when reported … overlap this age range (e.g., ages 14–65 years) will be included if results for younger participants are reported … after an intervention has ended Cardiometabolic measures (only when weight-related measures are also reported … medical issue requiring hospitalization or urgent medical treatment) or other treatment-related harms reported

387. Anxiety Screening: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/CXDusYW7s2xdypXMpnW9sw
     June 20, 2023 - Two RCTs (reported in 4 publications) examined the benefits of screening for anxiety in general adult … The study that screened for anxiety along with other conditions reported a difference between groups … in improve- ment of only 0.83 (standard error not reported) points on a 16- point anxiety scale at 3 … Neither of the 2 studies included for benefit of anxiety screen- ing reported on harms. … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

388. Evidence Summary: BRCA-Related Cancer: Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/brca-related-cancer-risk-assessment-genetic-counseling-and-genetic-testing
     August 20, 2019 - Of 17 studies evaluating breast cancer worry, 1 reported increased measures after genetic counseling … increases, 5 reported decreases, 58 , 60 , 62 , 77 , 78 and 8 reported no associations. 54 , 64 … decreased understanding, 70 6 (including the new study) reported no associations,[[52, 56, 69, 73,  … with intention for genetic testing; 1 study reported increased intention, 71 4 reported decreased intention … , 57 , 60 , 63 , 67 and none reported no associations.

389. Archived: Folic Acid/Folate Prophylaxis to Prevent Neural Tube Defects: Preventive Medication, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/folic-acid-prevent-neural-tube-defects-preventive-medication-1996
     January 01, 1996 - Population-based active surveillance programs that include prenatal diagnoses have reported neural tube … cutoff used to define an elevated level (usually 2-2.5 times the median value for gestational age, reported … One randomized controlled trial of routine ultrasound examination in low-risk women reported increased … Investigators have reported false-positive results leading to elective abortion of normal fetuses in … None of the trials of healthy pregnant women reported serious adverse effects associated with folic acid

390. Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/njteJ388DLVsY8RLcBTe_A
     February 25, 2020 - For other instruments, ranges of sensi- tivity and specificity are reported. … Meta-analyses were conducted on the most commonly reported outcomes for each body of evidence. … Decision-making and preparation for meeting dementia-related needs were reported by only 1 RCT each ( … Other Medications and Supplements Twenty-one of the RCTs (n = 5688) reported on harms, with harms not … No other disclosures were reported.

391. Archived: Evidence Summary: Aspirin: Aspirin/NSAIDs for Prevention of Colorectal Cancer: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-aspirin/aspirin-nsaids-for-prevention-of-colorectal-cancer-preventive-medication-2007
     March 15, 2007 - These studies reported widely varying statistically significant reductions in the RR for colorectal cancer … However, mortality and withdrawals due to harms with aspirin use were not consistently reported. … a third review, although the data were not pooled, a significant absolute risk reduction in MI was reported … Risk factors for self-reported colon polyps. J Gen Intern Med 1998;13:303-10. … at all 5 visits ( n = 253); no use reported at all 5 visits ( n = 1462) Good Greenberg, et

392. Vitamin D With or Without Calcium Supplementation for Prevention of Cancer and Fractures: An Updated Meta-analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/6L2obA88s86MoZDbWtMPTU
     December 01, 2011 - Most of these studies reported more than 1 fracture outcome. … In contrast, the smaller trial conducted in Nebraska reported a 60% (CI, 18% to 80%) reduction in the … Eight of the RCTs reported an outcome of fracture at any site, 5 re- ported data on hip fracture, 2 reported … a prostate cancer outcome (46–56), and 5 reported a breast cancer outcome (57–61). … The cancer outcomes were self- reported, with verification against medical records or linkage Figure

393. Liquid-Based Cytology and Human Papillomavirus Testing to Screen for Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/_9KLmyQyMnoE3agQJsgNE-
     November 01, 2011 - In these RCTs, results were generally reported for women screened (rather than an intention-to-screen … Although the fair-quality NTCC (New Technologies for Cervical Cancer Screening) trial reported lower … Two smaller studies (36, 43), comprising 3852 participants, reported positive cotesting Table 2. … Preventive Services Task Force. * HC2 and cytology reported as positive on either test with cytology … Only 2 trials (47, 48) have reported cumulative colpos- copies.

394. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse of Elderly and Vulnerable Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary32/intimate-partner-violence-and-abuse-of-elderly-and-vulnerable-adults-screening-2013
     May 08, 2012 - Four fair- and good-quality trials of counseling reported reduced IPV and improved birth outcomes for … At baseline, approximately one third of the women in both groups reported IPV in the previous year. … Few studies reported adverse effects of screening and interventions. … Screened women reported no harms related to screening on COST. … Participants reported no adverse effects of the interventions.

395. Screening Older Adults for Impaired Visual Acuity: A Review of the Evidence for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/7eLc5kBtomL_HKpYDwsFPf
     July 01, 2009 - For efficacy of treatments, we reported quantitative estimates for treatment effects from previously … Risk for congestive heart failure was not specifically reported. … Search methods reported? Comprehensive search? Inclusion criteria reported? Selection bias avoided? … Validity criteria reported? Validity assessed appropriately? … Methods used to combine studies reported? Findings combined appropriately?

396. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Lipid Disorders in Children: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary34/lipid-disorders-in-children-screening-2007
     July 15, 2007 - Although reported adverse effects were not serious, studies were generally small and not of sufficient … Subsequently, only RCTs and meta-analyses of RCTs that reported serum lipid outcomes were included. … Crossover trials were included if they reported data prior to crossover. … In some cases, reported data did not allow for these calculations (these indicated with N/A). … d This trial reported significant pre-experimental differences between groups in HDL (p < 0.05).

397. Reconsidering the Approach to Prevention Recommendations for Older Adults | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/reconsidering-approach-prevention-recommendations-older-adults
     February 01, 2014 - adults are not often represented in clinical trials; and important outcomes may not be measured and reported … adults are not often represented in clinical trials; and important outcomes may not be measured and reported … measures offer important and relevant considerations for setting goals of care, but they are not often reported … In addition, disability and quality of life were reported in only a few trials. … that address multiple risk factors as similar, and until global outcomes are consistently measured and reported

398. Recommendation: Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/impaired-visual-acuity-screening-older-adults
     May 24, 2022 - It does not apply to persons who have reported signs and symptoms of vision loss, seek care for vision … About 12% of US adults aged 65 to 74 years and 15% of those 75 years or older reported having problems … that primary care–based screening for impaired visual acuity is beneficial in persons who have not reported … Two (of 3) trials (n = 2457) reported on vision-related function and found that aflibercept and ranibizumab … The largest trial (AREDS) reported an increased risk of hospitalization due to genitourinary causes with

399. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Skin Cancer: Counseling, 2012 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary45/skin-cancer-counseling-2012
     May 15, 2012 - Among adolescents in the United States, for example, about 83% reported at least 1 sunburn during the … previous summer, only 34% reported sunscreen use, and nearly 10% of adolescents and 20% of young adults … reported indoor tanning during the previous year 13 , 14 . … The Norwegian-Swedish Women's Lifestyle and Health Cohort Study found that women who reported regular … who reported sometimes or never using sunscreen.

400. Preventing Dental Caries in Children <5 Years: Systematic Review Updating USPSTF Recommendation (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/BM-D2tSCN9U8uuBFAufXaa
     August 01, 2013 - Many stud- ies reported a composite caries out- come of the presence of 1 or more decayed (noncavitated … in the full evidence review18 but not reported in this article evaluated topical fluoride varnishes … 3–6 y 786 3–6 Not reported Not reported Not reported A vs B B: Tooth brushing with 0.05% NaF toothpaste … No study reported the risk of fluo- rosis associated with use of fluoride varnish. … Two trials reported diarrhea in 11% of children allocated to xylitol chewing gum30 or syrup.38 Other