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281. Archived: Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/cognitive-impairment-in-older-adults-screening-2014
     March 18, 2014 - The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene is a reported risk factor for Alzheimer disease. … Ten additional trials reported on memantine in persons with moderate dementia. … Only 4 trials were conducted in persons with MCI and reported global cognitive function 18–21 . … reported. … Few studies reported outcomes beyond 6 months.

282. Archived: Syphilis Infection: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/syphilis-infection-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - In 1994, 20,627 cases of primary and secondary syphilis were reported in the United States. 1 Primary … In recent data, nearly all counties with a high incidence of reported syphilis cases (more than 10/100,000 … were in large metropolitan areas or in southern states nearly two thirds of all counties in the U.S. reported … no cases of primary or secondary syphilis in the most recent year. 1 The incidence of reported infections … The local incidence of syphilis in the community and the number of sex partners reported by an individual

283. Screening for Ovarian Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/cHbBWNok76hRWKDXXm3R2_
     February 13, 2018 - health outcomes (KQ1), and all 4 trials reported potential harms of screening (KQ2) (Table 1). … In the PLCO trial,21 17% of women reported any family his- tory of breast or ovarian cancer. … One larger trial (n = 151 923) reported complications in 3.1% of false-positive operations. … One smaller trial (n = 21 935) reported no surgical complications. … Psychological harms were reported in a subset of 1 trial.

284. Evidence Summary: Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-counseling-adults-with-high-risk-of-cvd
     November 24, 2020 - estimates were calculated if between-group results were not reported. … Twenty-nine of the 94 studies reported health outcomes. … of measure were disparate, and almost all outcomes were self-reported. … Results reported here are from the updated version of the results. … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

285. Archived: Evidence Summary: Folic Acid for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/folic-acid-for-the-prevention-of-neural-tube-defects-preventive-medication-january-2017
     January 10, 2017 - Three of 4 case-control studies with data from 1976 through 1998 reported ORs ranging from 0.6 to 0.7 … Studies were sought that reported on the benefits of folic acid supplementation initiated before the … The trial reported no cases of NTDs in the experimental group and 6 cases in the control group (0% vs … if no adjusted OR was reported, OR was calculated. … d Includes adjusted OR, if reported by the study; if no adjusted OR was reported, OR was calculated.

286. Draft Recommendation: Breastfeeding: Primary Care Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/breastfeeding-interventions
     October 22, 2024 - studies described whether interventions addressed use of expressed or donor breast milk; no studies reported … All but one of the 90 trials reported prevalence of breastfeeding at some time point after the intervention … A much smaller number of the included trials reported on the direct impact of breastfeeding support intervention … 2 diabetes. 39 , 40 Harms of Behavioral Counseling Interventions Few trials (7 trials; n=1,404) reported … Most reported no adverse events related to the intervention, although one trial reported greater feelings

287. Archived: Final Evidence Review: Hepatitis C: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-review49/hepatitis-c-screening-2013
     November 15, 2012 - study of percutaneous liver biopsies ( n  = 2740) in HCV-infected patients with compensated cirrhosis reported … different screening strategies in asymptomatic adults without known liver enzyme abnormalities and reported … Two other small studies ( n  = 126 and  n  = 166) included in the 2004 USPSTF review reported no episodes … Self-reported hepatitis C virus antibody status and risk behavior in young injectors. … Self-reported injection drug use: 5.7% A: Screen all B: Ever injected drugs (self-report)

288. Screening for Depression and Suicide Risk in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/bF_Y9vcT3eNPdHjTxPZsUZ
     April 17, 2023 - Studies reported few health outcome events (suicide deaths), making determination of benefits uncertain … Most screening instruments reported sensitivity and specificity above 0.80 for at least 1 reported cutoff … ]).1,58 Remission and response to treatment were rarely reported. … One suicide death was reported. … ) and of serious ad- verse events (38.8% with lithium, 34.1% with placebo; P value not reported).64

289. Serologic Screening for Genital Herpes: An Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/aHpXYasjc3n6zhaTtoWMwK
     August 01, 2016 - Results Seventeen included studies with a total of 9736 participants (range, 24-3290) and reported in … Five studies (n = 1840; range, 61-776) reported a positive predictive value using the manufactur- er’ … One RCT reported a statistically significant reduction in viral shedding outcomes, and the other did … Both reported on incidence of genital herpes symp- toms (Table 3). … One RCT (n = 63) included in KQ4 and KQ5 reported on harms.26 Rates of reported adverse events were

290. Screening for Osteoporosis: An Update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/RPB3rmcS9CK_eXPdzXSxZg
     July 01, 2010 - Several trials included in the meta-analyses reported few, rare, or 0 fracture events. … We verified that in trials that reported mean baseline T-scores and BMD, reported T-scores were similar … If femoral neck BMD was not reported, we used baseline total hip BMD. … Observational studies of alendronate and etidronate reported conflicting results (120, 121). … Severe reversible musculoskeletal pain has been reported for all bisphosphonates.

291. Archived: Evidence Summary: Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/impaired-visual-acuity-in-older-adults-screening-2016
     March 01, 2016 - Two studies reported areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.66 and 0.83. 18 , … Mortality outcomes were reported for AREDS severity categories 2, 3, and 4 (n = 3476). … a Race was not reported in any of the 3 trials. … Other harms not well reported. … Moderate Evidence limited to 4 older trials; few AEs reported.

292. Evidence Summary: Prevention of Dental Caries in Children Younger Than 5 Years: Screening and Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/prevention-of-dental-caries-in-children-younger-than-age-5-years-screening-and-interventions1
     December 07, 2021 - One good-quality study of children younger than 36 months (n = 258) reported a sensitivity of 0.76 (95% … a sensitivity of 1.0 and specificity of 0.87 for identifying nursing caries (n = 61, CIs not reported … Four new trials (n = 4141) reported no significant differences between fluoride varnish vs placebo or … Serious adverse events were not reported, though some children had difficulty tolerating the varnish … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

293. JAMA (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/UaT8AVUSVQwSduNs8TA-_e
     June 09, 2020 - In 2018, an estimated 12% of US residents 18 years or older reported current unhealthy drug use in a … In 2018, an esti- mated 5.4% of pregnant persons aged 15 to 44 years reported un- healthy drug use in … respectively) and opioids (1.2% and 0.7%, respectively).1 In both age groups, less than 1% reported use … Few harms or serious adverse events were reported. … Dr Barry reported receiving grants and personal fees from Healthwise.

294. Evidence Summary: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-screening
     May 10, 2022 - None of the included treatment trials that reported adverse effects found significant harms. … None of the included trials that reported adverse effects found significant harms. … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported. … Harms of pharmacologic treatment 8 RCTs (n = 10,368) Overall, limited data on serious harms reported … Self-management intervention trials did not demonstrate any serious harms Harms not consistently reported

295. Sbmxphuqwo-Dc85Fj5Whf (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/_SBmXPhUQWo-dc85FJ5wHf
     February 01, 2015 - at yearly intervals (reported within ± 0.5 year). … End-stage kid- ney disease outcomes were not reported. … Among these, 3 studies (26–28) reported sensitivities of oscillo- metric OBPM ranging from 51% to 68% … hypertension incidence after rescreening, and 39 of these reported Figure 2. … No associations among reported race/ethnicity, sex, or smoking were qualitatively detected.

296. Lipid Screening in Childhood and Adolescence for Detection of Familial Hypercholerolemia: Evidence Report and Systematic Review (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/dCH2CMqVyAzf4eyj-ch6H3
     August 09, 2016 - When trials reported standard errors or confidence intervals for the primary out- come, the reported … All trials reported decreases in LDL-C concentrations from baseline. … No severe, permanent harms of statins were reported, and reported treatment adverse events usually did … One trial reported decrease in CIMT. … There was no reported effect on growth or maturation.

297. Aspirin for the Prevention of Cancer Incidence and Mortality: Systematic Evidence Reviews for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Njxn2r3qtWKdBf2_VhS2Aw
     April 01, 2016 - We used data from the individual-patient data meta-analysis (if data were not reported in the study or … if they differed from those reported in the study) as follows: for BMD and AAA, data from Rothwell and … Differences from point estimates or 95% CIs reported in studies are due to use of different statistical … Reviews of cohort studies have generally reported stronger pro- tective associations between aspirin … We used a continuity correction factor of 0.5 if a group reported no events.

298. Recommendation: Sexually Transmitted Infections: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/sexually-transmitted-infections-behavioral-counseling
     August 18, 2020 - Most reported STI outcomes after 12 or more months of follow-up. … Most participants were younger than 25 years, female, heterosexual, and reported African American or … One trial found a significant effect on self-reported sexual behavior in adolescents aged 11 to 14 years … None of these trials reported significant harms. 25 , 34 There was no consistent evidence that interventions … Dr Barry reported receiving grants and personal fees from Healthwise.  

299. Nontraditional Risk Factors in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/_nVeFxDCT9L-_cnDf_V3fK
     July 17, 2018 - Across all 3 nontraditional risk factors, less than half of studies reported a measure of calibration … , and these are reported only for stud- ies evaluating hsCRP level. … d Three-category risk strata: varies. e Range of −0.011 (not reported; not significant) to 0.159 (not … reported; not significant) when sex-stratified analyses considered; the upper and lower ranges are … for men and women, respectively, from the same study.56 f Many confidence intervals not reported or

300. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Low-Dose Aspirin Use for the Prevention of Morbidity and Mortality From Preeclampsia: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary51/low-dose-aspirin-use-for-the-prevention-of-morbidity-and-mortality-from-preeclampsia-preventive-medication-september-2014
     April 08, 2014 - All RCTs reported valid outcome measures, and all but 1 study reported using identical placebo formulations … All but 11 studies reported attrition, which ranged from 3.3% to 20.4%. … Seven studies reported no loss to follow-up. … data), although 3 trials 42–44 reported majorities of black women in their samples. … All but 1 trial (44) reported more events in the placebo group.