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241. Screening for Speech and Language Delay and Disorders in Children 5 Years or Younger: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/6tmQG7VgexjoXt7uNoyccj
     December 02, 2023 - No RCTs reported on the harms of interventions. … , the SPES-3 was classified as a parent-reported instrument. … Parent Reported Sensitivity and specificity of 14 parent-reported tools varied widely (Table 3). … , and none reported on the harms of interventions. … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

242. Primary Care–Relevant Interventions to Prevent Opioid Use Disorder: Current Research and Evidence Gaps (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/prevention-of-opioid-user-disorder-ehc-tech-brief.pdf
     May 14, 2021 - Furthermore, only two studies reported the impact of provider education on patients’ self- reported pain … Almost all studies that reported changes in patient- or provider-reported knowledge, confidence, or … And, although some studies also reported significant reductions in self-reported opioid use or documented … *Patient-reported. †Dispensed dosage. ‡Prescribed dosage. Table 3. … §Patient-reported. Table 4.

243. Recommendation: Depression and Suicide Risk in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/screening-depression-suicide-risk-adults
     June 20, 2023 - Race or ethnicity was reported in only 4 studies. … Most screening instruments reported sensitivity and specificity above 0.80 for at least 1 reported cutoff … Only 1 study reported the percentage of participants of Asian descent, and none reported the percentage … ]). 1 , 58 Remission and response to treatment were rarely reported. … One suicide death was reported.

244. Archived: Intimate Partner Violence, Elder Abuse, and Abuse of Vulnerable Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/intimate-partner-violence-and-abuse-of-elderly-and-vulnerable-adults-screening-october-2018
     October 23, 2018 - Four studies reported on the accuracy of 5 screening tools for identifying ongoing or current abuse. … Five RCTs enrolled women during the perinatal period; all reported on IPV outcomes. … Two RCTs reported on depression, and both found benefit in favor of the intervention (only 1 found a … Five good- or fair-quality RCTs assessing IPV interventions reported on harms. … No other disclosures were reported.

245. Aspirin for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events: An Update of the Evidence (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/t6yV6ZMHngeWgmTsoMMefM
     March 01, 2009 - The investigators reported a benefit from aspirin use for the reduction of strokes (relative risk [RR … Berger and colleagues’ meta-analysis (8) reported on the sex-spe- cific benefits of aspirin in 51 342 … The Women’s Health Study per- formed subgroup analyses by smoking status and age and reported a greater … The subgroup analysis of the Hyperten- sion Optimal Treatment study (14) reported that bleeding events … Another sub- group analysis, of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment study (14), reported that patients

246. Archived: Family Violence: Screening and Interventions, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/family-violence-screening-interventions-1996
     January 01, 1996 - death in children under 1 year of age. 4 Parents or other relatives are responsible for over 90% of reported … women visiting an emergency department 26 and 12-23% of women in family practice settings 27 , 28 reported … Domestic violence tends to be repetitive — female victims reported an average of six violent incidents … In a survey of studies of sexually abused children, normal examinations were reported in up to 73% of … A review of elder physical abuse victims in Illinois reported that most victims received few tangible

247. Archived: Speech and Language Delay in Preschool Children: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/speech-and-language-delay-in-preschool-children-screening-2006
     February 15, 2006 - The most consistently reported risk factors, however, include a family history of speech and language … Other risk factors reported less consistently include levels of parental education, specific childhood … Reported prevalence rates for speech and language delay vary widely. … prevalence rates of 5 to 8 percent, and studies of language delay alone reported prevalence rates of … The 3 fair-quality studies of screening instruments in children 3 to 5 years of age reported sensitivity

248. Evidence Summary: Healthy Weight and Weight Gain In Pregnancy: Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/healthy-weight-and-weight-gain-during-pregnancy-behavioral-counseling-interventions
     May 25, 2021 - calculated from studies that reported this information. … Gestational Hypertension | Twenty-eight RCTs (n = 14,875) reported rates of gestational hypertension … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported. … NR indicates not reported; PP, postpartum. a Adjusted mean difference. … , or not reported).

249. Primary Care Interventions to Support Breastfeeding: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/kHDoNjsfLx9SyKGD5n2ufL
     January 01, 2020 - RESULTS Fifty-twostudies(n = 66 757)in57publicationswereincluded.Sixtrials(n = 2219)reported inconsistent … effects of the interventions on infant health outcomes; no studies reported maternal health outcomes … Each study could be included within more than 1 meta-analysis if it reported corresponding data. … b Two studies were reported in a single publication. … Only 2 trials36,43 reported adverse events related to a breast- feeding intervention.

250. Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Weight Loss Interventions to Prevent Obesity-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/boPWHmzrtxnkkPQAoCNENS
     September 18, 2018 - Studies of medication-based weight loss and maintenance interventions also reported greater weight loss … Other intermediate out- comes were sparsely reported and showed mixed results. … . a Study-reported adjusted between-group difference in mean change reported if available; otherwise, … No other disclosures were reported. … Patient-reported outcomes in the practice-based opportunities for weight reduction (POWER) trial.

251. Archived: Evidence Summary: Screening for Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-screening-for-familial-hypercholesterolemia/lipid-disorders-in-children-screening-july-2016
     August 09, 2016 - When trials reported standard errors or confidence intervals for the primary outcome, the reported results … All trials reported decreases in LDL-C concentrations from baseline. … No severe, permanent harms of statins were reported, and reported treatment adverse events usually did … One trial reported decrease in CIMT. … There was no reported effect on growth or maturation.

252. Depression and Suicide Risk Screening: Updated Evidence Summary and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/zk8YxjaQxLGUTtt__nBQB_
     September 09, 2021 - , the pooled sensitivity was 0.85 [95% CI, 0.79-0.89] and specificity was 0.85 [95% CI, 0.82-0.88]; reported … Seventeen trials (reported in 28 publications) examined de- pression screening,15-30 including 1 that … sensitivity and specificity above 0.80 for at least 1 reported cutoff (eTable 10 in the Supplement). … The impact of the interventions on suicide deaths could not be determined, with only 1 death reported … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

253. Screening for Syphilis Infection in Pregnant Women: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/9Tse2TwVFQgYb-aNCq4Ngv
     September 04, 2018 - I n the United States, the rate of reported congenital syphilis was 15.7 cases per 100 000 live births … For evidence on the harms of screening (KQ2), studies in pregnant women that reported psychosocial harms … No P values are reported for any of these comparisons or trends of outcomes. … ,13-17 1 of which also reported on false-negative results,17 along with 1 new study (n = 318) that reported … None of the studies reported confi- dence intervals for false-positives.

254. Archived: Suicide Risk in Adolescents, Adults and Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/suicide-risk-in-adolescents-adults-and-older-adults-screening
     May 20, 2014 - In the same year, an estimated 3.7% of adults aged 18 years or older reported having serious thoughts … Only 1 of the 4 studies reported that the reference test was independent of the screening test 16 . … Lag times for other studies ranged from 0 to 35 days or were not reported. … “Vigor” was the only characteristic that was reported to be higher in screened participants. … Few treatment trials in adults reported adverse events.

255. Joel Tsevat, M.D., M.P.H. | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/current-members/joel-tsevat-md-mph
     January 01, 2023 - Tsevat’s research interests include patient-reported outcomes, decision modeling, cost-effectiveness … Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), including an AHRQ grant, “Incorporating Patient-Reported

256. -Umtbplhkqkcqcbeq3Gtuj (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/-UMtbPLHkQKcQCbeQ3gTuJ
     September 01, 2013 - Overdiagnosis No study formally reported overdiagnosis. … For example, we identified 7 studies that reported psychosocial outcomes (3 of which reported quality … Harms variably reported among the studies. … These numbers are reported by scan, not participant. … Overdiagnosis: Not formally reported in any study.

257. Archived: Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/impaired-visual-acuity-in-older-adults-screening-2009
     July 15, 2009 - One study on the Amsler grid reported poor accuracy for any visual condition compared with ophthalmologic … examination, and 1 study reported that geriatricians correctly identified most patients with cataracts … fewer motor vehicle accidents with cataract surgery, and 1 study reported increased risk for death in … Pooled data from trials of antioxidant vitamins and minerals reported no association with withdrawal … The largest trial reported an increased risk for hospitalizations due to genitourinary causes with zinc

258. Screening for Obesity and Intervention for Weight Management in Children and Adolescents: Evidence Report and Systematic Review (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Jz4WcZ2Wy3-nV6jNUrwUzX
     June 20, 2017 - Orlistat Only 1 orlistat trial reported quality-of-life measures. … The remain­ ing trial reported a statistically significant between-group differ­ ence in BMI z score … However, 6 of these 7 trials reported results only immediately after the inter­ vention ended, when … analyses or calculations using reported means and SDs.29,34,42,49,53,54,61 Five of these trials reported … ), whereas control groups had BMI changes ranging from −0.8 (SD, 13.4) to 0.31 (SD not reported).

259. Recommendation: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/vitamin-d-calcium-or-combined-supplementation-for-the-primary-prevention-of-fractures-in-adults-preventive-medication
     April 17, 2018 - Four studies reported on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on fracture prevention. 1 Two studies … Four studies (n=10,599) reported on mortality outcomes with vitamin D supplementation alone; the pooled … Three studies reported on incident cardiovascular outcomes with vitamin D supplementation, including … The most commonly reported other adverse event associated with supplementation was constipation; however … , this was not consistently reported across studies.

260. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Depression in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary20/depression-in-adults-screening-2009
     December 15, 2009 - Summary of Rate of Suicide and Related Behavior Reported in Cohort Studies* Table. … We reported specific analyses of most relevance where possible. … Withdrawal was reported as proxy for tolerability. … in this report) was reported. … They were reported separately at 24- and 57-mo follow-up.