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201. Behavioral Counseling in Primary Care to Promote a Healthy Diet - Recommendations and Rationale (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/tdMpbcxNJQ-7Tr-KV8jF3f
     January 01, 2010 - The strength of this evidence, however, is limited by reliance on self-reported diet outcomes, limited … use of measures corroborating reported changes in diet, limited follow-up data beyond 6 to 12 months … Therefore, when used to evaluate the efficacy of counseling, efforts to verify self-reported information … Both trials reported large treatment effects in self-reported dietary behavior at 6-month post-intervention … follow-up, and both reported favorable changes in biological risk factors or markers.

202. Screening for Intimate Partner Violence and Caregiver Abuse of Older or Vulnerable Adults: US Preventive Services Task Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/_q6ZTL2Yg6f6rLp-Re9whD
     June 24, 2025 - depression, threats of self-harm, borderline personality disorder).1,11 Another system- atic review reported … or younger.3 In a 2019 Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance System survey, adolescent girls and boys reported … The authors concluded no harms were associated with the intervention.1,35,58,62 Among women who reported … Dr Lee reported receiving grants from the National Institute on Aging (K24AG066998, R01AG079982) outside … No other disclosures were reported. Funding/Support: The USPSTF is an independent, voluntary body.

203. Archived: Evidence Summary: BRCA-Related Cancer: Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary17/brca-related-cancer-risk-assessment-genetic-counseling-and-genetic-testing-2013
     December 15, 2013 - A single study reported decreased accuracy 51 . … , 56 , 60 ; 1 poor-quality RCT reported no changes 49 . … ; 3 reported statistically significant decreases 52 , 61 , 62 , and 3 reported no changes 48 , 56 , … Most women (87.3%) reported postmastectomy pain and discomfort, and 21.8% reported that pain affected … ǁ Allocation concealment not reported 64 , 65 , 70 , 71 .

204. Primary Care–Relevant Interventions to Prevent Falling in Older Adults: A Systematic Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/VpT-c4bnmvHFRPyKgPwb2Z
     December 01, 2010 - Data on potential harms of interventions were scant and often not reported. … Only 5 fair-quality trials explicitly reported additional adverse effects. … Three of these trials reported other adverse effects. … None of these trials reported additional adverse events. … However, these outcomes were much less commonly reported: Only 20 of the included trials reported outcomes

205. Primary Care–Relevant Interventions for Tobacco and Nicotine Use Prevention and Cessation in Children and Adolescents: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/p6k4ooduXN8RQoVGS9H5Sx
     March 01, 2011 - Results Across all KQs, 24 randomized clinical trials (n = 44 521) reported in 31 publications were … An additional 2 trials that reported smok- ing prevalence in a combined group of baseline smokers and … The percentages of children initiating smoking at follow-up (as reported in the article) were 10.4% ( … f Baseline smokers were excluded from the analysis (specific numbers not reported). … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

206. Evidence Summary: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-preventive-medication
     April 26, 2022 - Race and ethnicity were sparsely reported; in the 4 RCTs that reported race and ethnicity, more than … in any RCT, and only 1 RCT 73 reported CRC screening rates (51.4% in the aspirin group and 52.4% in … Eleven low-dose primary prevention CVD RCTs reported the effect of aspirin on CVD outcomes. 5-7 , 26 … Two RCTs, ASPREE and the WHS, reported CRC mortality during the trial periods. … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

207. Archived: Evidence Summary: Suicide Risk in Adolescents, Adults and Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary20/suicide-risk-in-adolescents-adults-and-older-adults-screening
     April 15, 2013 - Although 7 of the 17 enhanced usual care trials reported deaths, only 1 fair-quality trial reported significant … Specific adverse effects were not reported. … Data were not reported separately for older adults. … Data were not reported separately for older adults. … XXX No significant group differences reported.

208. Evidence Summary: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/hypertensive-disorders-pregnancy-screening
     September 19, 2023 - and in epidemiologic evidence tends to be inferred based on physiology (ie, pregnancy) rather than reported … The studies were underpowered for rare, serious health outcomes and reported no differences between study … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Vesco reported receiving grants from Pfizer Independent Grants … No other disclosures were reported. … Home blood pressure measurement 2 Fair-quality RCTs (2521) One large trial reported similar rates

209. Interventions to Prevent Falls in Older Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review of the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/nMb54adBfgajp8dG87kPcw
     April 17, 2018 - Few exercise trials reported fall-related fractures. … Fall-related fractures and injurious falls were not widely reported in the included trials, and while … Incident fractures and quality of life were rarely reported, and no studies reported disability. … Four of 26 multifactorial trials reported information on harms (n = 1466).18,23,25,32 Only 1 of these … the intervention and control groups.32 One trial reported 3 falls without injury during the exercise

210. Screening for Intimate Partner Violence and for Caregiver Abuse of Older and Vulnerable Adults: An Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/RrE4_peSk5zVH3cCf77at3
     June 24, 2025 - found no significant reduction in IPV or benefit for other outcomes over 3 to 18 months and 2 (n = 935) reported … Two RCTs (n = 935) reported on harms of screening for IPV; both were included in KQ1 (eTable 3 in the … Five RCTs (7 articles; n = 1413) assessing interventions for IPV reported on harms; all are included … This is similar to the prevalence rate reported by the KQ1 RCT that enrolled women from US primary care … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

211. Screening for Gonorrhea: Update of the Evidence (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Wezro6zTSfAWxCrneF-nxB
     May 01, 2005 - A majority (87%) reported ever having vaginal sex, 33% reported having sex with more than one partner … Twenty percent reported using condoms every time they had sex, and 2.4% reported a previous diagnosis … Twenty percent of the sample was HIV positive, 21% reported unknown HIV status, 90% reported no rectal … Greater than 50% reported history of STD. … reported consistent condom use in past 6 months.

212. Archived: Final Evidence Review: Gonorrhea: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-review40/gonorrhea-screening-2005
     May 15, 2005 - A majority (87 percent) reported ever having vaginal sex, 33 percent reported having sex with more than … Twenty percent reported using condoms every time they had sex, and 2.4 percent reported a previous diagnosis … Twenty percent of the sample was HIV positive, 21 percent reported unknown HIV status, 90 percent reported … Greater than 50% reported history of STD.  … When ethnicity was reported, 97% were African American.

213. Folic Acid Supplementation for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: An Update of the Evidence (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/y6xRBv7uSZY5bGCx7y48x7
     May 01, 2009 - Data Synthesis: Four observational studies reported benefit of re- duction of risk for NTDs associated … The one included study on harms reported that the association of twinning with folic acid intake disappeared … intake; had a control group; and reported raw data of rates of congenital malformation outcomes. … A higher proportion of case patients were white (79.3% vs. 69.1%) and reported having been exposed to … Shaw and colleagues (5) reported an odds ratio (OR) of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.45 to 0.94) for any reported use

214. Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/g2bEcQW6ae_NTFZ9KUxT_t
     August 24, 2021 - Thirty-eight trials that assessed behavioral or pharmacologic in- terventions for prediabetes reported … In post hoc analy- ses, the DPP reported that lifestyle intervention was effective in all subgroups … The analysis reported a statistically significant effect modification by BMI, with greater effect on … The DPP (n = 2155) reported greater decreases in weight for persons receiving metformin compared with … Although not reported in studies, lactic acidosis is a rare but potentially serious adverse effect of

215. Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/vTJ_Zj3TAkhx45wWUDtNyt
     May 01, 2021 - Benefits of Preventive Medication The USPSTF reviewed 22 trials that reported on the benefits of statin … The proportion of Black participants, reported in 5 trials, ranged from less than 1% to 37%. … In several trials, primary outcome was reported as a composite of CVD events, with the exact compo- nents … Only 1 trial, WOSCOPS (West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study; n = 6595), reported a statistically … This trial reported a small differential in LDL-C–lowering effect between the statin therapy group and

216. Archived: Evidence Summary: Alcohol Misuse: Screening and Behavioral Counseling Interventions in Primary Care | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary9/alcohol-misuse-screening-and-behavioral-counseling-interventions-in-primary-care-2013
     September 25, 2012 - -based data 13  revealed that 21.3% of primary care patients reported risky drinking. … any information; 5 of 23 reported smoking 29 , 33 , 34 , 39 , 41 , 49 , 50 , and 2 reported anxiety … Similar sobriety outcomes at 3 to 5 years or longer have been reported 9 . … of the means for the various study groups are reported … † Not reported in the article.

217. Evidence Summary: Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/latent-tuberculosis-infection-screening
     May 02, 2023 - of IGRAs, 39 reported on T-SPOT. … TB , 19 , 37-39 , 43 , 46 , 48 , 50-81 12 reported on QFT-Gold Plus, 70 , 71 , 80-90 and 51 reported … No studies reported benefits related to quality of life or tuberculosis transmission. … All studies reported 0 deaths from hepatotoxicity. … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

218. Screening for Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infections: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/k-btyK4W2-v9KnemTK8WDx
     September 14, 2021 - In 2019, 1 808 703 cases of chlamydia were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention … (CDC), corresponding to a rate of 552.8 cases per 100 000 population.1 Reported cases of chlamydial … Both infections demonstrate differences in reported cases by geography, race and ethnicity, and HIV … No studies reported on the ef- fectiveness of screening in men, other than 1 study that reported rates … No other disclosures were reported.

219. Behavioral Interventions and Counseling to Prevent Child Abuse and Neglect: A Systematic Review to Update the USPSTF Recommendation (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/SUHq3jffCaucDobFXKewQ_
     February 01, 2013 - Ten trials of early childhood home visi- tation reported reduced CPS reports, emergency department visits … Self-reported physical abuse (CTS) Mean injury score (CIS) Self-reported spanking (FSS, CIS) Self-reported … Two other trials reported no differences in child maltreatment be- tween groups (45, 46). … No adverse ef- fects were reported by participants (Dubowitz H. Personal communication.). … Documented and self-reported child abuse and adult pain in a community sample.

220. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Cervical Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary12/cervical-cancer-screening-2012
     October 18, 2011 - Only 2 trials 47 , 48 have reported cumulative colposcopies. … † HC2 and cytology reported as ASC-US+ and high-risk HPV+. … ‡ Colposcopy referral threshold (ASC-US+ or HSIL+): only ASC-US+ reported. … Round 2 results for two thirds of the sample were still not reported. … § Maximum follow-up reported. || Treatment method varied by date and age.