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21. Recommendation: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/osteoporosis-screening
    January 14, 2025 - For OST, the reported AUCs for women across 14 cohorts ranged from 0.64 to 0.81. … Six cohorts reported an AUC for OST of 0.63 to 0.83 in women younger than 65 years. … Five trials of bisphosphonates reported no cases of osteonecrosis of the jaw, and no trials reported … Three trials reported no cases of osteonecrosis of the jaw, and 2 trials reported no cases of atypical … No other level 3 disclosures were reported.

22. Archived: Evidence Summary: Physical Activity: Behavior Counseling in Primary Care, July 2002 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/physical-activity-behavioral-counseling-primary-care-2002
    July 01, 2002 - Control: Not reported. … Most counseling details not reported. … Control: not reported.   … Not reported. … Adherence not reported.

23. Screening for Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis in the General Population: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ZgcL6cF6JsFzwRRhaSnqc9
    December 01, 2022 - Two limited, prema- turely terminated trials reported mixed results for the com- parative effectiveness … The SPACE-2 trial5 (n = 316) reported no significant dif- ference in composite outcome of stroke or death … The 2 trials, 2 national data sets, and 3 surgical regis- tries reported procedural harms associated … The reported wide variation in com- plication rates may be attributable to patient and surgeon/ operator … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

24. Final Recommendation Statement: Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/RecommendationStatementFinal/obstructive-sleep-apnea-in-adults-screening
    November 15, 2022 - Reported harms of treatment with MADs include oral mucosal, dental, or jaw symptoms, such as mucosal … One study found that only 20% of patients with sleep-related symptoms spontaneously reported them to … trials reported no deaths in any study group. … Nineteen trials reported on harms associated with treatment of OSA using positive airway pressure or … In 7 trials, 17% to 74% of participants reported oral mucosal, dental, or jaw symptoms, compared with

25. Evidence Summary: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening
    December 10, 2019 - The results for pharmacotherapy interventions for KQ4 and KQ5 are not reported in depth in this article … [95% CI, 0.95-0.99]). 83 In addition to mortality outcomes, the screening trials reported ruptures … This group of heterogeneous studies reported that AAA-related mortality over 5 to 12 years was rare ( … All 5 screening trials reported more AAA-related operations in the invited group than in the control … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

26. Archived: Evidence Summary: Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnant Women: Screening and Supplementation | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary22/iron-deficiency-anemia-in-pregnant-women-screening-and-supplementation-september-2015
    March 30, 2015 - Twelve trials reported improvements in maternal hematologic indices, although not all were statistically … Harms, none of which were serious or had long-term consequences, were inconsistently reported in 10 of … Only 5 of the included studies (in 6 publications) reported power or sample size calculations. 25 , … However, it is typically considered a measurable clinical outcome in pregnancy and was reported in 5 … Reported harms included transient treatment effects (nausea, constipation, and diarrhea).

27. Evidence Summary: Falls Prevention in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/falls-prevention-community-dwelling-older-adults-interventions
    June 04, 2024 - For KQ2, any trial-reported harms were included. … Five of these trials 51 , 54 , 60 , 62 , 72 also reported harms in the control group. … Zero percent 58 to 11% 56 reported falls during the intervention exercise program. … One trial 43 reported a fall-related wrist fracture (1/352). … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

28. Evidence Summary: Perinatal Depression: Preventive Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/perinatal-depression-preventive-interventions
    February 12, 2019 - None of the behavior-based interventions reported on harms directly. … Stress and anxiety were the most commonly reported other maternal or child outcome. … No infant or child outcomes were reported in these trials. … Neither trial of antidepressants reported other maternal health outcomes or child outcomes. … No other authors reported disclosures.

29. Folic Acid Supplementation to Prevent Neural Tube Defects: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/4TToeya43r5Qc5A6TjFGWS
    August 01, 2023 - Of these, 3 studies (n = 990 372) reported on the effect of folic acid supplementation on neural tube … , and 1 observational study (n = 429 004) reported on maternal cancer. … One cohort study reported a statistically significant reduced risk of neural tube defects associated … No other statistically significant benefits were reported overall. … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

30. Evidence Summary: Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Pregnant Women: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/hepatitis-b-virus-infection-in-pregnant-women-screening
    July 23, 2019 - that compared perinatal transmission rates over time were included for KQ3 ( Table ). 3 , 4 One study reported … administered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, from 1994 to 2008. 3 The second study reported … States between 1997 and 2010. 4 Both studies documented low rates of perinatal transmission for the reported … universal vaccination of all infants recommended regardless of maternal HBV status; HBIG harms not reported … : No new studies of screening were identified Treatment: No harms of screening or case management reported

31. Draft Recommendation: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Falls and Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/vitamin-d-calcium-combined-supplementation-primary-prevention-falls-fractures-communitydwelling-adults
    December 17, 2024 - Benefits of Interventions The USPSTF found 19 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that reported on fracture … 400 to 2,000 IU/day), while other studies prohibited personal use of supplements. 10 Seven trials reported … Two trials reported on clinical vertebral fracture outcomes. … However, only a minority of trials reported these outcomes, and ascertainment methods and details provided … related to adverse or serious adverse events varied among trials. 10 Eleven trials reported on the

32. Screening, Referral, Behavioral Counseling, and Preventive Interventions for Oral Health in Children and Adolescents Aged 5 to 17 Years: A Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/9AtjNaSwTXonz49w_DEbNz
    November 07, 2023 - gels included in a good-quality systematic review18 reported on tooth surface stain- ing. … All (n = 775) evaluated a resin-based sealant and reported no adverse events. … As reported in trials of SDF for arresting caries,99 the single trial86 of SDF for prevention reported … no adverse events and 1 trial reported 0.04% of children allocated to varnish reported a self-limited … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

33. Evidence Summary: Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/tobacco-use-in-adults-and-pregnant-women-counseling-and-interventions
    January 19, 2021 - Pooled results for all comparisons are reported in Table 2 . … included that reported on the harms of NRT, bupropion, or varenicline use. … reported rates of low birth- weight infants (<2500 g). 54 Other, less commonly reported data included … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported. … Six studies reported the effects of the intervention on smoking cessation.

34. Evidence Summary: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary14/lung-cancer-screening
    March 09, 2021 - Individual study quality ratings are reported in eTables 3 to 13 in the  JAMA  Supplement. … Figure 4 shows the calculated IRRs for the trials that reported lung cancer mortality. … for false-positive results were reported in 0.1% to 0.5% of all screened participants. … Doing so omitted some smaller studies that reported on harms of screening. … No other disclosures were reported.

35. JAMA JATS (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/dvDjnZzW9PDxzKBauB4QxA
    August 21, 2018 - Long-term follow-up was reported for 2 cotesting trials: the Swedescreen trial reported up to 13 years … Only the latter is reported; results from the control group are reported at 4 years and include the 2 … Only the latter is reported; results from the control group are reported at 4 years and include the 2 … No studies reported on the psychological effects of primary hrHPV screening. … Only the latter is reported; results from the control group are reported at 4 years and include the 2

36. Evidence Summary: Skin Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/skin-cancer-screening
    April 18, 2023 - When available, results for specific populations (eg, by age, sex, race, and ethnicity) were reported … However, 10-year follow-up data indicated that the previously reported mortality benefit appeared to … ]; P < .05) and adjusted estimates (adjusted HR, 0.75 [95% CI not reported]; not significant). … White patients. 32 Skin cancer risk factors were not reported. … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

37. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Sexually Transmitted Infections: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary44/sexually-transmitted-infections-behavioral-counseling-2008
    October 15, 2008 - In general, few studies reported on other behavioral or biological outcomes (for example, self-reported … Five trials did not show an increase in self-reported unprotected sex (or decrease in self-reported use … Self-reported STI incidence and self-reported behavioral outcomes are particularly subject to both assessment … ) or self-reported behavioral outcomes Self-reported measures of attitude, knowledge, beliefs, ability … Only 1 trial showed a decrease in self-reported unprotected sexual intercourse and increase in self-reported

38. Evidence Summary: Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/screening-for-prediabetes-and-type-2-diabetes
    August 24, 2021 - Results for KQ8 are reported in the eResults in the JAMA Supplement. … some information on anxiety from screening, 2 reported on depression, 2 reported on self-reported health … Harms of interventions for diabetes were sparsely reported, rare, and (when reported) not significantly … No other disclosures were reported. … Low for anxiety, depression, worry, or self-reported health.

39. Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Z6Rfj-qwfoMbuLp-hBmhzS
    May 01, 2021 - This review included 73 good- or fair-quality RCTs (reported in 87 articles) that reported at least 1 … The majority (28 RCTs) reported mortality rates at 24 weeks or less, and most of these (25 RCTs) reported … Two reported on mortality over a median duration of 4 to 5 years; 1 (n = 723) reported 8 deaths in the … Nineteen RCTs (reported in 24 articles) reported on harms associated with treatment of OSA, in- cluding … No other disclosures were reported.

40. Archived: Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/obstructive-sleep-apnea-in-adults-screening-january-2017
    January 24, 2017 - Commonly reported harms of treatment with CPAP include oral or nasal dryness, eye or skin irritation, … A broad range of sensitivity and specificity was reported across multiple AHI cutpoints. … Five trials (n=1529) reported on incidence of myocardial infarction. … Nine studies (n=1759) reported on harms of treatment with CPAP. … Fewer studies reported on the harms of treatment.