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181. JAMA (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/2DGd8AvVMTJwP3ttrPcnLL
     February 25, 2020 - Prevention Fourteen trials (n = 25 049) reported on the effects of behavioral counseling interventions … Two trials reported significant increases in smoking cessation rates in youth receiving interventions … One of the bupro- pion SR trials also included NRT for all participants.44 None of the trials reported … of adverse events with bupropion.14 Some stud- ies reported more headaches, cough, dream disturbance … Dr Barry reported receiving grants and personal fees from Healthwise.

182. Final Evidence Summary: Tobacco Use in Children and Adolescents: Primary Care Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/other-supporting-document19468/tobacco-and-nicotine-use-prevention-in-children-and-adolescents-primary-care-interventions
     April 28, 2020 - Two new trials were identified that reported the effects of tobacco prevention and cessation interventions … In the NRT trial, no serious adverse events were reported. 46 NRT was associated with increased risk … Adverse events were not well reported in trials of behavioral interventions but indicated no serious … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported. … The percentages of children initiating smoking at follow-up (as reported in the article) were 10.4% (

183. Screening for Atrial Fibrillation With Electrocardiography: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/crPsNJ_R5SFnJhuT2CEpkr
     March 01, 2019 - A network meta-analysis reported that NOACs were associated with a significantly lower risk of a composite … Individual study qual- ity ratings are reported in eTables 4-9 in the Supplement. … No eligible studies were identified that focused on this ques- tion and reported results. … Abstract only: Study details were only reported in an abstract. … The SAFE study reported the CHADS2 (congestive heart failure, hyperten- sion, age �75 years, diabetes

184. Recommendation: Folic Acid Supplementation to Prevent Neural Tube Defects: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/folic-acid-for-the-prevention-of-neural-tube-defects-preventive-medication
     August 01, 2023 - Three fair-quality observational studies (reported in 4 publications) published since the last USPSTF … The study reported a statistically significant reduction in neural tube defects in women taking folic … This study reported no statistically significant associations between daily or less than daily folic … Two studies reported on associations between folic acid supplementation and ASD by timing. … Neither reported harms; however, 1 study reported a statistically significant reduction of ASD associated

185. Folic Acid Supplementation to Prevent Neural Tube Defects: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/guxuobDFwkzk5YJWU5ZQkw
     August 01, 2023 - Three fair-quality observational studies (reported in 4 publications) published since the last USPSTF … The study reported a statistically significant reduction in neural tube defects in women taking folic … Three studies reported on associa- tions between folic acid supplementation and ASD by dose and found … Two studies reported on associations between folic acid supplementation and ASD by timing. … Neither reported harms; however, 1 study reported a statistically significant reduction of ASD associated

186. Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/DxeDM5ywg2J7SwKmETXfbX
     May 01, 2021 - Reported harms of treatment with MADs include oral mucosal, den- tal, or jaw symptoms, such as mucosal … One study found that only 20% of patients with sleep-related symptoms spontaneously reported them to … trials reported no deaths in any study group. … measures of general health– related quality of life and 17 RCTs reported measures of sleep- related … Four trials reported on mortality; how- ever, the duration of reporting was short (1 to 12 weeks) and

187. Evidence Summary: Chlamydia and Gonorrhea: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/chlamydia-and-gonorrhea-screening
     September 14, 2021 - In 2019, 1,808,703 cases of chlamydia were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention … No studies reported on the effectiveness of screening in men, other than 1 study that reported rates … Fifth, there were no screening studies that reported disease acquisition or transmission. … No other disclosures were reported. … b One study (Schachter et al 34 ) reported sensitivity and specificity for 3 tests.

188. Screening and Supplementation for Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/8uE22djVfm8hF8wNg7wWYn
     May 01, 2021 - among Special Supple- mental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) participants reported … Harms of Screening and Supplementation No trials reported on harms of screening. … during pregnancy.1,17 Most trials reported transient gastrointestinal effects such as nausea, consti … Dr Lee reported receiving grants from the National Institute on Aging (K24AG066998, R01AG079982) outside … No other disclosures were reported. Funding/Support: The USPSTF is an independent, voluntary body.

189. Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents: Evidence Report and Systematic Review (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/U8LgX3tsN9LEF5JnsNbSc_
     September 13, 2022 - Major hypoglycemic events were reported by less than 1% of participants. … Major hypoglycemic events were reported by less than 1% of participants. … The TODAY study reported 0 deaths during the trial. … pain (25% vs 12%, P value not reported) and nausea or vomiting (17% vs 10%, P value not reported). … No other disclosures were reported.

190. Draft Recommendation: Syphilis Infection During Pregnancy: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/syphilis-infection-pregnant-persons
     November 19, 2024 - One of the studies additionally reported including 75% Hispanic participants and 3% Asian participants … . 28 Two studies, conducted in Canada and Brazil, reported on the harms of treatment, which included … as 31% in one study. 28 The false-positive rate of a multiplex flow immunoassay was also reported by … Together, these reported false-positive rates reflect results after a single step of testing, compared … Reported estimates of adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with and without syphilis: a systematic

191. Interventions to Support Breastfeeding: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/SJbAXUAQTv2GWemMuBab6W
     April 08, 2025 - RESULTS Ninety trials (N = 49 597) reported in 125 publications were included. … If study-reported RRs were unavailable, we calculated crude RRs based on the number of people meeting … it, most women reported an intention to breast- feed at the beginning of the trials. … Ten trials (n = 6592) reported on infant health outcomes, which included gas- trointestinal outcomes … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

192. Final Evidence Summary: Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adolescents and Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/hepatitis-c-screening
     March 02, 2020 - Ten open-label studies (n = 3292) reported small improvements in some quality-of-life and functional … no deaths, and the remaining 10 studies reported 17 deaths (0.4% overall). … For example, 3% to 48% of study participants reported headache. … Dr Fu reported receiving grants from Oregon Health & Science University. … No other disclosures were reported.

193. Evidence Summary: Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/healthy-lifestyle-and-physical-activity-for-cvd-prevention-adults-without-known-risk-factors-behavioral-counseling
     July 26, 2022 - Three RCTs reported CVD-related outcomes: 1 study (n = 47,179) found no significant differences between … Fifteen of the 113 included trials reported health outcomes (n = 58,286). … Three good-quality trials (n = 48,382) (with relevant results in 8 publications) reported CVD-related … even fewer were included that reported longer term health outcomes. … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

194. Evidence Summary: Hypertension in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/hypertension-in-adults-screening
     April 27, 2021 - One cluster RCT (n = 140,642) of a multicomponent intervention including hypertension screening reported … Additional results for less commonly reported thresholds are available in the full evidence report. 11 … Most other protocol characteristics were sparsely or variably reported. … One study reported accuracy for an OPBM threshold of 130/80 mm Hg or greater in addition to 140/90 mm … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

195. Screening for Pancreatic Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/T6sJy_9-LRVJ_wZLZarakT
     October 11, 2019 - Among those 10 cases, 5 persons were alive at 12 to 63 months of follow-up, 2 of whom were reported to … normal levels of distress or worry at all time points.31,32 One study reported no change in levels of … Six studies reported on the harms of surgery (n = 32 persons receiving surgery).14,17,18,20,22,33 One … study reported a stricture to the hepaticojejunal anastomosis in 1 patient 11 months after sur- gery … .17 Four studies reported no harms.18,20,22,33 Pancreatectomy carries a significant risk of morbidity

196. Draft Recommendation: Screening for Hearing Loss in Older Adults | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/hearing-loss-in-older-adults-screening1
     September 08, 2020 - low screening rates. 15 Clinicians have reported barriers to screening and treatment of hearing loss … Among the studies that reported age, the median age of study participants was 69 years. 6 Few studies … It reported sensitivity between 68% and 100% and specificity between 87% and 89% for detecting moderate … Three-fourths reported self-perceived hearing loss at baseline. … Self-reported hearing trouble in adults aged 18 and over: United States, 2014.

197. Preventive Services for Food Insecurity: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/kGvn_HBPEEdfu2rs38VN8_
     March 11, 2025 - food insecurity at base- line or the results were reported separately for those with food in- security … No studies reported harms of assessment for food insecurity. Intervention Benefits Key Question 4. … For other outcomes, 1 pre- post study reported improvements in depression and self-rated health (eg, … during the on-meal phase.29 None of the other studies reported on harms of their interventions. … Patient interest in receiving assistance with self-reported social risks.

198. Evidence Summary: Syphilis Infection in Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/syphilis-infection-nonpregnant-adults-adolescents-screening
     September 27, 2022 - In 2019, the reported incidence of syphilis was 39.7 cases per 100,000 population, increasing 75% from … No studies reported on other outcomes of interest, such as acquisition or transmission of other STIs … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported. … Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2019: table 24: all stages of syphilis—reported cases and rates … of reported cases by state/territory and region in alphabetical order, United States, 2015-2019.

199. Draft Recommendation: Depression and Suicide Risk in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/screening-depression-suicide-risk-adults
     September 20, 2022 - Race and ethnicity was reported in only four studies. … Most screening instruments reported sensitivity and specificity above 0.80 for at least one reported … Only one study reported the percent of participants of Asian descent, and none reported the percent who … ). 1 Remission and response to treatment were sporadically reported. … One suicide death was reported.

200. Recommendation: Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/screening-for-prediabetes-and-type-2-diabetes
     August 24, 2021 - Thirty-eight trials that assessed behavioral or pharmacologic interventions for prediabetes reported … In post hoc analyses, the DPP reported that lifestyle intervention was effective in all subgroups and … The analysis reported a statistically significant effect modification by BMI, with greater effect on … The DPP (n = 2155) reported greater decreases in weight for persons receiving metformin compared with … across trials. 2 , 23 The UKPDS trial reported 1 patient of 911 in the intervention group receiving