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1001. Benefits and Harms of Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening for Prostate Cancer: An Evidence Update (pdf file)
      www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/NhXnjZM5ubvygH5GrqDZHC
      August 01, 2008 - For key question 2, eligible studies were randomized or nonrandomized comparative studies that reported … We excluded studies that reported only harms resulting from prostate cancer treatment. … In 1 study, 26% of men with false-positive screening results reported moder- ate-to-severe pain during … After 6 weeks, 49% of men in the biopsy group reported thinking about prostate cancer “a lot” or “some … In 2007, Aus and colleagues (32) reported interim re- sults from the ERSPC (European Randomized Study

1002. Archived: Evidence Summary: Depression: Screening 2002 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
      www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/depression-screening-2002
      May 07, 2002 - Neither Moore and colleagues nor Linn and Yager reported clinical outcomes. … Seven of 10 studies reported the proportion of patients who were still depressed at some time after initial … trial results was noted on statistical testing, in large part because of the large positive effect reported … NR = not reported and cannot be calculated from available data. 2 P values were not always reported … NR = not reported and cannot be calculated from available data. 2 P values were not always reported

1003. Archived: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
      www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/prostate-cancer-screening-2012
      May 15, 2012 - Although 1 screening trial reported on the presence of metastatic disease at the time of prostate cancer … diagnosis, no study reported on the effect of screening on the development of subsequent metastatic … disease, making it difficult to assess the effect of lead-time bias on the reported rates. … However, the PLCO investigators later reported, as part of their extended follow-up of the trial, that … problem" and 1.4% of men were hospitalized for complications. 6 Similar findings were reported at 30

1004. Effectiveness of Primary Care–Relevant Treatments for Obesity in Adults: A Systematic Evidence Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
      www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/hbSopN6uA9u-4EQuKtRGDP
      October 01, 2011 - Limitations: Few studies reported health outcomes. … These studies may have provided one or more components but not reported them. … No trials reported weight outcomes after orlistat therapy was stopped. … The effect of weight-loss programs among participant subgroups was sparsely reported and often mixed. … Outcomes Reported and Quality Issues for Included Trials Study, Year (Reference) Outcomes Allocation

1005. Low-Dose Aspiring for the Prevention of Morbidity and Mortality from Preeclampsia: A Systematic Evidence Review fro the USPSTF (pdf file)
      www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/6W538pkN7ft6TsRMKfPWMJ
      May 27, 2014 - All RCTs reported valid outcome measures, and all but 1 study reported using identical placebo formulations … All but 11 studies reported attrition, which ranged from 3.3% to 20.4%. … Eight studies reported no loss to follow-up. … All but 1 trial (44) reported more events in the placebo group. … Seven trials reported adverse events during the trial (40, 41, 46, 47, 49, 50, 53).

1006. Jraqn9Em-Jtem94Ybdozz3 (pdf file)
      www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/jRaQn9Em-jtem94yBDoZZ3
      November 01, 2012 - -based data (13) revealed that 21.3% of primary care patients reported risky drinking. … No stud- ies that enrolled pregnant women and reported these out- comes were found (insufficient SOE) … Other than the results for opportunity costs, our results are limited by the few trials that reported … any infor- mation; 5 of 23 reported smoking (29, 33, 34, 39, 41, 49, 50), and 2 reported anxiety (29 … Similar sobriety outcomes at 3 to 5 years or longer have been reported (9).

1007. Vision Screening in Children Aged 6Months to 5 Years: Evidence Report and Systematic Review (pdf file)
      www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Jwn6dWRHvK3C9oJCV6hLKc
      September 05, 2017 - Methods Scope of Review Detailed methods and additional details of results and analyses are reported … Individual study quality ratings are reported in the Supplement (eTables 2-5). … Findings from the Vision In Preschoolers (VIP) study, the larg­ est study for this KQ, were reported … Many included studies reported testability information, although few reported data stratified by age … One of the 3 trials reported enroll­ ing screen-detected children.40 Two of the trials reported best

1008. Overdiagnosis in Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Models: A Contextual Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
      www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/KT7vaWK_JSDNNvEmUAjN8d
      May 01, 2018 - Estimates of overdiagnosis have been reported based on pathologic (autopsy) studies (which we do not … A 2002 publication23 reported on an effort using modeling, assumptions about lead time, and data on … United States Three main modeling studies pertinent to the United States reported on overdiagnosis … A subsequent publication based on the PSAPC model26 reported the absolute risk of overdiagnosis (as … Patient-Reported Outcomes after Monitoring, Surgery, or Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer.

1009. Screening for Prostate Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
      www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/zYdjLaTCTBVUwgJTnzpVXr
      May 08, 2018 - Among 5 ERSPC sites that reported the false- positive rate, approximately 1 in 6 men screened at least … The trial reported a significant reduction in progression to metastatic can- cer when comparing both … Two studies reported on the difference in benefit by age. … moderate or greater pain, 5.5% reported moderate to severe fever, and 26.6% reported troublesome hematospermia … Patient-reported outcomes after monitoring, surgery, or radiotherapy for prostate cancer.

1010. Screening Children for Family Violence: A Review of the Evidence (pdf file)
      www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/qCaKmh7ayuG9VP2vj646pQ
      March 01, 2004 - Approximately 1 million children are identified as abused in the United States each year.2 In 1999, reported … 1,100 children died of abuse and neglect that year, approximately 1.62 deaths per 100,000 children.3 Reported … Outcomes included indicators of physical abuse, neglect, emotional abuse, or sexual abuse and any reported … For children, mandatory reporting requires that documentation of abuse exists, but reported abuse likely … The incidence of reported child abuse among mothers identified as high risk was 6.6% compared with 2.3%

1011. Archived: Evidence Summary: Child Maltreatment: Counseling, 2004 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
      www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/child-maltreatment-counseling-2004
      March 09, 2004 - Approximately 1 million children are identified as abused in the United States each year. 2 In 1999, reported … 1,100 children died of abuse and neglect that year, approximately 1.62 deaths per 100,000 children.3 Reported … Outcomes included indicators of physical abuse, neglect, emotional abuse, or sexual abuse and any reported … For children, mandatory reporting requires that documentation of abuse exists, but reported abuse likely … The incidence of reported child abuse among mothers identified as high risk was 6.6% compared with 2.3%

1012. Archived: Hepatitis C: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
      www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/hepatitis-c-screening-2013
      June 15, 2013 - No studies reported current estimates of the proportion of patients who have biopsy before treatment. … No deaths were reported. … Although treatment-related adverse effects were common, the few serious adverse events reported in the … The positive association between SVR and mortality (all-cause or liver-related) reported in the cohort … With regard to harms, the use of liver biopsy is decreasing and the few serious adverse events reported

1013. Archived: Gonorrhea (Including Ocular Prophylaxis in Newborns): Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
      www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/gonorrhea-screening-including-ocular-prophylaxis-newborns-1996
      January 01, 1996 - Nearly 420,000 N. gonorrhoeae infections were reported … A number of demographic and behavioral characteristics are associated with higher reported rates of gonorrhea … the Southeastern states. 1 , 7 Since most data come from public health clinics, the demographics of reported … The decline in the reported incidence of gonorrhea over the last two decades and decline in hospitalizations … with silver nitrate, erythromycin, or tetracycline (0.03-0.1%). 44 A recent controlled trial in Kenya reported

1014. Archived: Breastfeeding: Primary Care Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
      www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/breastfeeding-primary-care-interventions-october-2016
      October 25, 2016 - Six trials reported inconsistent effects of counseling interventions on a range of infant health outcomes … None of the studies reported maternal health outcomes. 5 , 9-14 However, the USPSTF found evidence … All 4 trials of individual-level interventions among adolescents or young adults reported higher rates … Only 2 trials among adults reported on adverse events related to a breastfeeding support intervention … The other trial reported that a few mothers expressed feelings of anxiety and decreased confidence in

1015. Archived: Healthy Diet and Physical Activity: Counseling for CVD Prevention in Adults | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
      www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-counseling-for-cvd-prevention-in-adults-2012
      June 15, 2012 - counseling interventions relevant to primary care for physical activity or a healthful diet modify self-reported … dietary intake of salt, energy, and fats and increased both intake of fruits and vegetables and self-reported … Sixteen healthful diet counseling trials and 14 combined lifestyle counseling trials reported intermediate … Potential Harms of Counseling Interventions No healthful diet counseling trials reported specific adverse … Estimate of Net Benefit The USPSTF assessed overall improvement in self-reported health behaviors,

1016. Research Gaps for Interventions to Prevent Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Evidence Gaps Research Taxonomy Table (pdf file)
      www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/-YHCmR_8bdShSaMTx6Mrgx
      dwelling to nursing or care homes, or other long-term care facilities) KQ 2: Harms outcomes as reported … dwelling to nursing or care homes, or other long-term care facilities) KQ 2: Harms outcomes as reported

1017. Archived: Final Research Plan: Folic Acid for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
      www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan108/folic-acid-for-the-prevention-of-neural-tube-defects-preventive-medication-january-2017
      October 16, 2014 - defects Harms from treatment: Multifetal pregnancy Colorectal cancer or other reported … types of cancer Vitamin B12 deficiency Vitamin B6 deficiency Other reported

1018. Screening for Speech and Language Delay and Disorders in Children Aged 5 Years or Younger: Clinical Summary (pdf file)
      www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/hJqnmpWRHyD8TxPFyXpMRp
      Grade: I statement (insufficient evidence) Risk Assessment Risk factors that have been reported

1019. Screening for Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection in Pregnancy: Clinical Summary (pdf file)
      www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/7zPpSv5ZBsqCJttG9r7HQ3
      June 01, 2009 - Reported sensitivity and specificity are greater than 98%.

1020. Overdiagnosis in Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Models: A Contextual Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
      www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Home/GetFile/1/16812/prostate-models-overdiagnosis/pdf
      May 01, 2018 - Estimates of overdiagnosis have been reported based on pathologic (autopsy) studies (which we do not … A 2002 publication23 reported on an effort using modeling, assumptions about lead time, and data on … United States Three main modeling studies pertinent to the United States reported on overdiagnosis … A subsequent publication based on the PSAPC model26 reported the absolute risk of overdiagnosis (as … Patient-Reported Outcomes after Monitoring, Surgery, or Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer.