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101. Archived: Evidence Summary: Falls Prevention in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/falls-prevention-in-older-adults-interventions-2018
     April 17, 2018 - Few exercise trials reported fall-related fractures. … Fall-related fractures and injurious falls were not widely reported in the included trials, and while … Incident fractures and quality of life were rarely reported, and no studies reported disability. … 55 , 56 , 58 , 60 Two of these trials also reported harms in the control group for comparison and reported … adverse effects reported are unlikely to be attributable to vitamin D.

102. Primary Care–Relevant Interventions for Tobacco Use Prevention and Cessation in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Evidence Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/myqvgr-dsW7k3eQbwj4aR4
     February 01, 2013 - self-reported smoking status or harms were included. … Limitations: No studies reported health outcomes. Interventions and measures were heterogeneous. … In 2011, 23.4% of high school students reported that they currently used a tobacco product (4, 5). … We included studies that reported harms at any follow-up time point. … We relied on measures of self- reported smoking because biochemical verification was not reported or

103. Screening and Supplementation for Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/8uE22djVfm8hF8wNg7wWYn
     May 01, 2021 - among Special Supple- mental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) participants reported … Harms of Screening and Supplementation No trials reported on harms of screening. … during pregnancy.1,17 Most trials reported transient gastrointestinal effects such as nausea, consti … Dr Lee reported receiving grants from the National Institute on Aging (K24AG066998, R01AG079982) outside … No other disclosures were reported. Funding/Support: The USPSTF is an independent, voluntary body.

104. Evidence Summary: Chlamydia and Gonorrhea: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/chlamydia-and-gonorrhea-screening
     September 14, 2021 - In 2019, 1,808,703 cases of chlamydia were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention … No studies reported on the effectiveness of screening in men, other than 1 study that reported rates … Fifth, there were no screening studies that reported disease acquisition or transmission. … No other disclosures were reported. … b One study (Schachter et al 34 ) reported sensitivity and specificity for 3 tests.

105. Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/DxeDM5ywg2J7SwKmETXfbX
     May 01, 2021 - Reported harms of treatment with MADs include oral mucosal, den- tal, or jaw symptoms, such as mucosal … One study found that only 20% of patients with sleep-related symptoms spontaneously reported them to … trials reported no deaths in any study group. … measures of general health– related quality of life and 17 RCTs reported measures of sleep- related … Four trials reported on mortality; how- ever, the duration of reporting was short (1 to 12 weeks) and

106. Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/BhnZRA--TRpXdg9_tYmZ_M
     April 05, 2016 - Trials that reported outcomes in patients with mild to moderate COPD included 2 trials of long-acting … Few trials reported harms for any individual drug class. … For studies of diagnostic accuracy, 2 × 2 tables were con- structed from data reported in the primary … a No. analyzed; No. screened was not reported. b Calculated. Table 2. … Reported pneumonia in patients with COPD: findings from the INSPIRE study.

107. Screening for Impaired Visual Acuity (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Mv6bDzYQAQwFe7a8Zpht7c
     May 01, 2022 - It does not apply to persons who have reported signs and symptoms of vision loss, seek care for vision … • About 12% of US adults aged 65 to 74 years and 15% of those 75 years or older reported having problems … that primary care–based screening for impaired visual acuity is beneficial in persons who have not reported

108. Evidence Summary: Unhealthy Alcohol Use in Adolescents and Adults: Screening and Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/unhealthy-alcohol-use-in-adolescents-and-adults-screening-and-behavioral-counseling-interventions
     November 13, 2018 - If contingency tables were not reported, they were estimated using the reported sensitivity, specificity … alcohol use outcome was drinks per week, reported in 45 trials. … For the AUDIT-C, sensitivity was similar, but the range of reported specificity was wider. … widely reported. … Several studies reported on the acceptability of their interventions to participants and generally reported

109. Interventions to Prevent Illicit and Nonmedical Drug Use in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/oaVhMNVAnx3b5-UUunZkjr
     December 17, 2018 - Health, social, and legal outcomes were sparsely reported, and few showed improvements. … Nineteen trials reported a continuous measure, most com- monly the number of times illicit drugs were … -51,54,57-59 and all 3 Family Spirit trials.26,28,56 No single outcome was widely reported. … Health, social, and legal outcomes were sparsely reported, and few showed improvements. … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

110. Aspirin Use to Prevent Preeclampsia and Related Morbidity and Mortality: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ph_fauqHQjmrSqPAWKrARA
     September 28, 2021 - Fifteen trials reported perinatal mortality (n = 15 527). … Thirteen trials reported on preterm birth (<37 weeks of gestation) (n = 15 213). … Sixteen trials reported on Table 2. … Adherence, when reported, was generally high, although reported in a variety of ways. … No other disclosures were reported.

111. Screening for Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/8JYDupJfG6LdRn7A6FkqXX
     March 01, 2016 - In 2011, about 12% of US adults aged 65 to 74 years and 15% of those 75 years or older reported having … Several studies evaluated the direct benefit of screening and reported no reductions in vision dis- orders … These studies reported moderate sensitivity (0.75 to 0.80) and specificity (0.68 to 0.77).11 A third … The study reported poor accuracy, depending on the cutoff score; sensitivity ranged from 0.11 to 0.52 … CI, 0.40-0.96]).18 Another trial reported no effect on falls or fracture risk.19 Some studies showed

112. Draft Recommendation: Syphilis Infection During Pregnancy: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/syphilis-infection-pregnant-persons
     November 19, 2024 - One of the studies additionally reported including 75% Hispanic participants and 3% Asian participants … . 28 Two studies, conducted in Canada and Brazil, reported on the harms of treatment, which included … as 31% in one study. 28 The false-positive rate of a multiplex flow immunoassay was also reported by … Together, these reported false-positive rates reflect results after a single step of testing, compared … Reported estimates of adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with and without syphilis: a systematic

113. Screening for Lung Cancer With Low-Dose Computed Tomography: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ghbfx9e3A6jQEqVW26y8Jv
     March 09, 2021 - Individual study qual- ity ratings are reported in eTables 3 to 13 in the Supplement. … Figure 4 shows the calculated IRRs for the trials that reported lung cancer mortality. … Radiation Exposure Nine publications reported on radiation associated with LDCT.16,31,56,69,75,78-81 … Doing so omitted some smaller studies that reported on harms of screening. … No other disclosures were reported.

114. Folic Acid Supplementation to Prevent Neural Tube Defects: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/guxuobDFwkzk5YJWU5ZQkw
     August 01, 2023 - Three fair-quality observational studies (reported in 4 publications) published since the last USPSTF … The study reported a statistically significant reduction in neural tube defects in women taking folic … Three studies reported on associa- tions between folic acid supplementation and ASD by dose and found … Two studies reported on associations between folic acid supplementation and ASD by timing. … Neither reported harms; however, 1 study reported a statistically significant reduction of ASD associated

115. Recommendation: Folic Acid Supplementation to Prevent Neural Tube Defects: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/folic-acid-for-the-prevention-of-neural-tube-defects-preventive-medication
     August 01, 2023 - Three fair-quality observational studies (reported in 4 publications) published since the last USPSTF … The study reported a statistically significant reduction in neural tube defects in women taking folic … This study reported no statistically significant associations between daily or less than daily folic … Two studies reported on associations between folic acid supplementation and ASD by timing. … Neither reported harms; however, 1 study reported a statistically significant reduction of ASD associated

116. Archived: Evidence Summary: Intimate Partner Violence, Elder Abuse, and Abuse of Vulnerable Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/intimate-partner-violence-and-abuse-of-elderly-and-vulnerable-adults-screening-october-2018
     October 23, 2018 - Two RCTs reported on harms of screening. 14 , 15 Both were included in KQ1. … Few RCTs reported on harms of interventions. … d Only African American reported. e Age range, 18 to 70 years. … f Overall percentage of pregnancy was not reported. … Eight percent of participants reported current pregnancy in the screened group.

117. Evidence Summary: Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/healthy-lifestyle-and-physical-activity-for-cvd-prevention-adults-without-known-risk-factors-behavioral-counseling
     July 26, 2022 - Three RCTs reported CVD-related outcomes: 1 study (n = 47,179) found no significant differences between … Fifteen of the 113 included trials reported health outcomes (n = 58,286). … Three good-quality trials (n = 48,382) (with relevant results in 8 publications) reported CVD-related … even fewer were included that reported longer term health outcomes. … Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

118. Final Evidence Summary: Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adolescents and Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/hepatitis-c-screening
     March 02, 2020 - Ten open-label studies (n = 3292) reported small improvements in some quality-of-life and functional … no deaths, and the remaining 10 studies reported 17 deaths (0.4% overall). … For example, 3% to 48% of study participants reported headache. … Dr Fu reported receiving grants from Oregon Health & Science University. … No other disclosures were reported.

119. Screening for Syphilis: A Brief Update (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/USPSTF_Admin/Home/GetFile/1/996/syphilup/pdf
     July 01, 2004 - increased by 2.1% from 2000 rates (to 6,103 reported cases) and was the first increase since 1990. … From 2000 to 2001, the number of reported cases declined by 19.5% for women. … This increase was reported as having occurred primarily among men who have sex with men.11 The rising … rate of syphilis in this group of men was reported in other U.S. cities as well, including Seattle, … in African Americans, representing a rate 16 times greater than that reported in whites.

120. Recommendation: Unhealthy Alcohol Use in Adolescents and Adults: Screening and Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/unhealthy-alcohol-use-in-adolescents-and-adults-screening-and-behavioral-counseling-interventions
     November 13, 2018 - being current alcohol users and 4.9% reported heavy use episodes in the previous month. … One good-quality and 5 fair-quality trials (n = 3650) reported on harms. … Dr Barry reported receiving grants and personal fees from Healthwise, a nonprofit. … Dr Doubeni reported being the author of topics on UpToDate on colorectal cancer. … No other disclosures were reported.