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81. GRADING THE STRENGTH OF A BODY OF EVIDENCE (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-grading-strength_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2009 - Consistency refers to the degree of similarity in the effect sizes of different studies within an evidence … and application Dose- response association This association, either across or within studies, refers … likely to be present Strength of association (magnitude of effect) Strength of association refers

82. Methods Guide for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews_Inclusion of Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions in Systematic Reviews of Intervention Effectiveness: An Update (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/methods-guide-inclusion-nonrandomized-studies.pdf
    September 01, 2022 - This section introduces these considerations and refers to later sections in this guidance document … group of participants is assessed before and after they receive an intervention, while the latter refers … Risk of bias refers to the likelihood that the estimate of an intervention’s effect obtained from a … In regression analysis of such studies, an IV refers to a variable that meaningfully relates to the … The exclusion assumption refers to the lack of a direct association between the IV and the outcome variable

83. Methods Guide for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews_Inclusion of Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions in Systematic Reviews of Intervention Effectiveness: An Update (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/pdf/methods-guide-inclusion-nonrandomized-studies.pdf
    September 01, 2022 - This section introduces these considerations and refers to later sections in this guidance document … group of participants is assessed before and after they receive an intervention, while the latter refers … Risk of bias refers to the likelihood that the estimate of an intervention’s effect obtained from a … In regression analysis of such studies, an IV refers to a variable that meaningfully relates to the … The exclusion assumption refers to the lack of a direct association between the IV and the outcome variable

84. Newer Medications for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) Associated with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/prostatic-hyperplasia-medications/research-protocol

85. Management of Primary Headache During Pregnancy: Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/headaches-pregnancy.pdf
    March 23, 2019 - Primary headache refers to conditions where the headache itself is the disorder. … primary headache during pregnancy, postpartum, and breastfeeding Underlined text in regular font refers … primary headache during pregnancy, postpartum, and breastfeeding Underlined text in regular font refers

86. Disposition of Comments: Technical Brief No. 39_Disparities and Barriers to Pediatric Cancer Survivorship Care (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/tech-brief-39-pediatric-cancer-survivorship-comments.pdf
    March 01, 2021 - Health equity refers to a state characterized by the “absence of systematic inequalities in health” … This refers to patient autonomy. We have changed this term to make it more clear. … Implications Page 24, lines 31-34: The authors should more specifically state what the imbalance refers

87. Misuse of Prescription Stimulants in Adults (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/misuse-prescription-protocol.pdf
    September 13, 2024 - pain; or taking a medication to feel euphoria (i.e., to get high).”1 The term “nonmedical use” also refers

88. Layout 1 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/pelvic-pain_executive.pdf
    January 01, 2012 - CPP as described throughout this review refers to noncyclic or mixed cyclic/noncyclic pelvic pain unless … Throughout this review, CPP refers to noncyclic or mixed cyclic/noncyclic pelvic pain unless otherwise

89. Layout 1 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cancer-anemia_executive.pdf
    May 01, 2006 - convenient, but may be more effective to maintain the desired drug concentration range. (3) Front-loading refers

90. Diagnostic Accuracy of Screening and Treatment of Post–Acute Coronary Syndrome Depression: A Systematic Review. Evidence Summary. (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/evidence-summary-cer-200-post-acs-depression.pdf
    November 01, 2017 - For the purpose of this review, ACS refers to clinical symptoms compatible with acute myocardial ischemia

91. Long-Term Care for Older Adults: A Comparative Effectiveness Review of Institutional versus Home and Community-based Care | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/long-term-care-adults/research-protocol

92. Disposition of Comments for Technical Brief 21, Management Strategies To Reduce Psychiatric Readmissions (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/psychiatric-readmissions_disposition-comments.pdf
    May 21, 2015 - In general, collaborative care or shared mental health care refers more to the links between specialist … of the Background section, we have now included the NAPHS study by Moran and clarified that it refers … standing and hospital-based psychiatric units), and we have clarified that the HCUP information refers … statement about caseloads is intended to refer only to non-intensive case management or whether it refers … The statement refers specifically to “nonintensive case management.”

93. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/antiplatelet-treatment_research-protocol.pdf
    November 22, 2011 - Definitions of Terms Analytic validity: Analytic validity refers to the technical performance of a … Clinical utility: Clinical utility refers to whether a test can provide information about diagnosis … In the context of this review, phenotypic testing specifically refers to testing of platelet reactivity

94. Grading_didactic_faculty_approved (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/grading.ppt
    January 01, 2013 - significant unexplained clinical or statistical heterogeneity Four Required Domains: Consistency Consistency refers … “Indirect” refers to a situation in which more than one body of evidence is needed to move from use of … Additional Domains: Dose-Response Association This association, either across or within studies, refers

95. Renal-Artery-Stenosis Surveillance (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/renal-artery-stenosis_surveillance.pdf
    June 01, 2012 - assessed in the original CER) – A3 Major change in evidence This category of signals (A4-A7) refers … Signals (Continued) Quantitative signals (B1-B2)* Change in statistical significance (B1) Refers … Change in effect size of at least 50% (B2) Refers to a situation in which the new result indicates

96. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/psoriasis-chronic_research-protocol.pdf
    January 10, 2012 - Consistency refers to the degree of similarity in the direction of the effect sizes from included studies … Directness refers to whether the evidence links the compared interventions directly with health outcomes … Precision refers to the degree of certainty surrounding the effect estimate with respect to a given

97. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/stem-cell-children_research-protocol.pdf
    November 01, 2010 - the Systematic Review Background and Objectives Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) refers … Definition of Terms Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) refers to a procedure in which … www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov Published Online: August 5, 2010 Pediatric in this document refers

98. Misuse of Prescription Stimulants in Adults (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/misuse-prescription-protocol-amendment.pdf
    November 26, 2024 - pain; or taking a medication to feel euphoria (i.e., to get high).”1 The term “nonmedical use” also refers

99. Outcome Definition and Measurement in Observational Comparative Effectiveness Research
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/outcome-definition-and-measurement-chapter-6.pptx
    January 01, 2013 - Variability usually refers to the distribution of values associated with an outcome measure in the population … The term utility refers to the value placed by the individual on a particular health state.

100. Layout 1 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/registries-guide_executive.pdf
     April 01, 2007 - The potential for bias refers to opportunities for systematic errors to influence the results. … As used here, quality refers both to the data and to the conclusions drawn from analyses of these data