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21. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/trauma-interventions-maltreatment-child_research-protocol.pdf
    January 12, 2012 - to exposure to maltreatment or family violence as trauma types included in this review Refers … Background Referred to the inclusion of clinical and systems level interventions Refers to … to exposure to maltreatment or family violence as trauma types included in this review Refers … Questions/PICOTS Referred to exposure to maltreatment or family violence as trauma types Refers … Key Questions/PICOTS Referred to the inclusion of children ages 0-17 Refers to the inclusion

22. Research White Paper - Assessing the Predictive Validity of Strength of Evidence Grades: A Meta-Epidemiological Study (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/grades-predictive-values_white-paper.pdf
    September 01, 2015 - Predictive validity, in general terms, refers to the degree to which a score (such as the grades cited … in Table 1) predicts an outcome on a criterion measure.7 For this analysis, predictive validity refers … Calibration refers to the 8 ability to estimate correctly the likelihood of a future event. … Discrimination refers to the ability to differentiate between those that will experience a future event … In this case, the term “pairs” refers to stable versus not stable effect estimates, as shown below:48

23. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/juvenile-arthritis-dmards_disposition-comments.pdf
    September 01, 2011 - The text specifically refers to “intra-articular corticosteroids.” … However, a note has been added to each table to indicate that labeling refers to any pediatric approval … Attrition refers to subject withdrawal. … This comment refers to Figure 3. … Clarification has been made that events refers to flares.

24. SAMHSA (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/goldstrom.pdf
    May 29, 2025 - But, basically, I’ll just take this very simple definition, where participatory action research refers

25. Executive Summary_Systematic Review: Mental Health and Occupational Stress in the Emergency Medical Services and 911 Workforces (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ems-911-workforce-mental-health-executive-summary.pdf
    February 01, 2025 - Resistance refers to “the ability of an individual, a group, an organization, or even an entire population … or dysfunction associated with critical incidents, terrorism, and even mass disasters.”1 Resilience refers

26. Disposition of Comments Report for Evidence Report 215 Safety of Vaccines Used for Routine Immunization in the United States (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/vaccine-safety_disposition-comments.pdf
    January 01, 2020 - The text refers to Johnstone, 2012. … The table now refers to “influenza vaccine, unspecified” for these studies. … The statement in quotes refers to adverse events in post-licensure studies. … “with demonstrated immunodeficiencies” refers to all of the listed diagnoses. … This statement refers to statistical association (OR 19.84, 95% CI 6.77—58.12).

27. Data Points 15: Breast Cancer Diagnostic Workup: Prognostic factor testing among older women with ductal carcinoma in situ and early invasive breast cancer (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/dcis-prognostic-tests_research.pdf
    August 22, 2012 - “Big Metro” refers to counties in metro areas with at least 1 million in population. … “Metro” refers to other counties in metro areas. … “Urban” refers to counties not in metro areas with at least 20,000 population. … “Less Urban” refers to counties with 2,500-19,999 people. … “Rural” refers to counties with fewer than 2,500 residents.

28. Disposition of Comments Report for Vitamin D and Calcium: A Systematic Review of Health Outcomes (Update) (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/vitamin-d-calcium_disposition-comments.pdf
    September 15, 2014 - If it refers to 25OHD, shouldn’t this study be combined with the 7 cohort studies mentioned in the … the relationship between vitamin D and calcium intake and breast density were found, but line 13 refers … The term “vitamin D status” is used throughout the report but it isn’t always clear whether this refers … We are unable to identify text that refers to individuals with vitamin D levels less than 20ng/ml ( … We would agree: we cannot identify the text that refers to high-risk individuals. 113 Public comment

29. Comparative Effectiveness of Second Generation Antidepressants in the Pharmacologic Treatment of Adult Depression—An Update to a 2007 Report. (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/antidepressants-update_disposition-comments.pdf
    December 01, 2011 - The paragraph above refers to RCTs. This section refers to observational studies. … We have moved them to the overview section where the text refers to them. … Results for Efficacy and Effectiveness in Major Depressive Disorders Comment: Results [This comment refers

30. Fagerlin-notes-151007 copy-Teresa (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/fagerlin-presentation.pdf
    May 29, 2025 - of people actually usually think murder because that’s what we hear most about. 24 Availability refers … versus the person  who just saw it come in  at once. 28 Another idea  is default bias, which refers

31. Slide 1 (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/module_iv1.ppt
    May 29, 2025 - “Facilitation” refers to the process of effectively engaging stakeholders in knowledge exchange; the … Facilitator refers to the “role” someone is given to carry out effective processes and discussions.

32. Stem-Cell-Children Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/stem-cell-children_executive.pdf
    February 01, 2012 - Pediatric Population Executive Summary Background Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) refers … Explanation of Terms • Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) refers to a procedure in which … • Pediatric in this document refers to patients aged birth through 21 years.

33. Enhanced Functionality for the Distributed Research Network Pilot (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/distributed-network-expansion_research.pdf
    April 01, 2012 - Permission—refers to an allowance granted or restricted by access control. … Role—refers to the classification assigned to each user. … Notification Concepts Event—refers to an occurrence of a particular transaction within the system, … Permission—refers to an allowance granted or restricted by access control. … Target—refers to the object of a permission.

34. Use of Observational Studies in Systematic Reviews of (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/methodsguidenorris_060420101.pdf
    June 01, 2010 - Selection bias refers to systematic differences among the groups being compared that arise from patient … Performance bias refers to systematic differences in the care provided to participants in the comparison … Attrition bias refers to systematic differences among the comparison groups in the loss of participants … Indirect evidence can encompasses intermediate or surrogate outcomes, or refers to the situation when

35. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 7 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-grading_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - Introduction “Grading” refers to the assessment of the strength of the body of evidence supporting … Dose-response association This association, either across or within studies, refers to a pattern … Strength of association ( magnitude of effect) Strength of association refers to the likelihood … Precision refers to the width of confidence intervals for diagnostic accuracy measurements and is integrally

36. Use of Observational Studies in Systematic Reviews of (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-observational-studies_methods.pdf
    June 01, 2010 - Selection bias refers to systematic differences among the groups being compared that arise from patient … Performance bias refers to systematic differences in the care provided to participants in the comparison … Attrition bias refers to systematic differences among the comparison groups in the loss of participants … Indirect evidence can encompasses intermediate or surrogate outcomes, or refers to the situation when

37. Disposition of Comments for CER 204 Methods for Evaluating Natural Experiments in Obesity (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-204-obesity-disposition-comments.pdf
    December 01, 2017 - Introduction Table 2, line 37 -- The line that says "specific dietary macronutrients related to obesity" then refers … Looking at the text I think it refers to the three lighter grey bars but not the darker bar at the … Should say “of the 42 experimental studies” In this context, the 35 studies refers to those that … It should be described as “fast food intake” which refers to the consumption of fast food, which is … Footnoting can address these issues “Standard measure” refers to the standardized method for calculating

38. Comparative Effectiveness Research Review Disposition of Comments Report (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/breast-abnormalities-tests-update_disposition-comments.pdf
    February 13, 2012 - We have replaced reference 7, which refers to data from 2008, with an updated reference that refers … Risk of bias refers to aspects of individual study design; consistency refers to how similar the data … quantification of tumor volume), and from the generic CAD (which, in the context of breast imaging, usually refers

39. Head-Neck-Cancer-Update Consumer (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/head-neck-cancer-update_consumer.pdf
    August 01, 2015 - * In this summary, the term doctor refers to your health care professional, including your primary

40. AHRQ Slide Template 2004 (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/introduction.ppt
    January 01, 2010 - The box at the top, titled “Horizon Scanning,” refers to the need to scan the health care field to identify … The oval on the right, titled “Evidence Generation,” refers to new research. … The Generalist Program refers to the funding that the EPC program has received from the Agency for Healthcare … The broadest category, a Research Review or Evidence Synthesis, refers to a clear definition of a research