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Total Results: 1,199 records

Showing results for "reference".

1. Behavioral Counseling to Prevent Skin Cancer: A Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ofaMtvNZ-5KdhWAJjXfZpN
   February 01, 2011 - All ages 0–40.5: reference 40.5–56.4: 0.99 (0.61–1.58) 56.4–81.6: 1.42 (0.86–2.35) �81.6: 0.77 (0.43– … (0.50–1.51) Total ambient sunlight in accumulated global radiance (mWh/cm2 � 105) 0–8.8: reference … reference 0 reference reference Level 2 1.5 (0.7–3.3) 0.9 (0.4–1.8) �5 0.8 (0.4–1.5) 0.7 (0.4–1.4) … 0 reference reference 439–1644: 1.0 (0.5–2.0) 1–32 1.2 (0.6–2.3) 2.1 (0.8–5.4) 1645–3360: 0.7 (0.4–1.5 … Previous 5 y 1–330: 1.3 (0.6–3.8) Men Women 331–864: 1.8 (0.8–4.2) 0 reference reference �865: 1.2

2. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Skin Cancer: Counseling, 2012 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary45/skin-cancer-counseling-2012
   May 15, 2012 - This article is intended as a reference and not as a substitute for clinical judgment. … ≥81.6: 0.77 (0.43-1.40) Age >15 y 0-14.7: reference 14.8-27.7: 1.25 (0.79-1.97) 27.8 … 5001-64,200: 1.78 (0.18-17.67) ≥64,200: 1.42 (0.53-3.85) For BCC <5000: reference … reference <5 0.8 (0.4-1.5) 0.7 (0.3-1.3) 0.7 … 2000: 2.3 (1.0-5.1) 50,000: 1.7 (0.4-7.8) Ages 10-19 y <500: reference 500: 1.0

3. Procedure Manual Appendix VI. Criteria for Assessing Internal Validity of Individual Studies | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/procedure-manual/procedure-manual-appendix-vi-criteria-assessing-internal-validity-individual-studies
   July 01, 2017 - standard, performed regardless of test results Reference standard interpreted independently of screening … standard; interprets reference standard independently of screening test; assesses reliability of test … Evaluates relevant available screening test; uses reasonable although not best standard; interprets reference … Poor: Has a fatal flaw, such as: uses inappropriate reference standard; improperly administers screening … test; biased ascertainment of reference standard; has very small sample size or very narrow selected

4. Evidence Summary: Hypertension in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/hypertension-in-adults-screening
   April 27, 2021 - This article is intended as a reference and not as a substitute for clinical judgment. … The selection of the ABPM reference standard was based on a 2015 systematic review conducted for the … For KQ2a and KQ3a, included studies reported accuracy of protocol variations compared with an ABPM reference … Fourth, the reference standard for all accuracy studies was ABPM based on the previous review’s conclusion … Comparator: Study did not use ambulatory blood pressure monitoring reference standard (KQ2, KQ3).

5. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Folic Acid to Prevent Neural Tube Defects: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary25/folic-acid-to-prevent-neural-tube-defects-preventive-medication-2009
   May 15, 2009 - This report is intended as a reference and not as a substitute for clinical judgment. … Reviewed reference lists of all collected articles for potential studies. … standard, interprets reference standard independently of screening test, reliability of test assessed … standard, screening test improperly administered, biased ascertainment of reference standard, or very … standard, interprets reference standard independently of screening test, reliability of test assessed

6. Archived: Evidence Summary: Aspirin for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary10/aspirin-for-the-prevention-of-cardiovascular-disease-preventive-medication-2009
   March 15, 2009 - ® and Cochrane Library (search dates, 1 January 2001 to 28 August 2008), recent systematic reviews, reference … relevant studies in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, through the examination of reference … standard, interprets reference standard independently of screening test, reliability of test assessed … , biased ascertainment of reference standard, or very small sample size or very narrowly selected spectrum … standard, interprets reference standard independently of screening test, reliability of test assessed

7. Folic Acid Supplementation for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: An Update of the Evidence (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/y6xRBv7uSZY5bGCx7y48x7
   May 01, 2009 - of Con- trolled Trials searches from January 1995 through December 2008, recent systematic reviews, reference … Characteristics and Results of Studies Included for Key Questions 1 and 2 Study, Year (Reference) Design … Reviewed reference lists of all collected articles for potential studies. … standard, screening test improperly administered, biased ascertainment of reference standard, or very … standard, screening test improperly administered, biased ascertainment of reference standard, or very

8. Aspirin for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events: An Update of the Evidence (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/t6yV6ZMHngeWgmTsoMMefM
   March 01, 2009 - standard, interprets reference standard independently of screening test, reliability of test assessed … , biased ascertainment of reference standard, or very small sample size or very narrowly selected spectrum … standard, performed regardless of test results Reference standard interpreted independently of screening … standard, interprets reference standard independently of screening test, reliability of test assessed … , biased ascertainment of reference standard, or very small sample size or very narrowly selected spectrum

9. Archived: Evidence Update: Prostate Cancer: Screening, 2008 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/article/prostate-cancer-screening-2008
   August 05, 2008 - This article is intended as a reference and not as a substitute for clinical judgment. … standard; interprets reference standard independently of screening test; reliability of test assessed … standard; screening test improperly administered; biased ascertainment of reference standard; very small … standard, performed regardless of test results          Reference standard interpreted independently … standard; interprets reference standard independently of screening test; reliability of test assessed

10. Benefits and Harms of Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening for Prostate Cancer: An Evidence Update (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/NhXnjZM5ubvygH5GrqDZHC
    August 01, 2008 - Evidence for Key Question 2: Harms of PSA Screening Author, Year (Reference) Study Type Participants … standard; interprets reference standard independently of screening test; reliability of test assessed … standard; screening test improperly administered; biased ascertainment of reference standard; very small … standard, performed regardless of test results Reference standard interpreted independently of screening … standard; interprets reference standard independently of screening test; reliability of test assessed

11. Final Research Plan: Food Insecurity: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/food-insecurity-screening
    July 28, 2022 - KQs 1, 4: Control group (can include historical control, active control/comparator) § KQ 2: Any reference … comparator required if explicitly addresses harms KQs 1, 4: No control/comparator KQ 2: No reference … trials, nonrandomized studies with less than 12-week followup KQ 2: Test performance studies without reference

12. Archived: Screening: Evidence Summary: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/-screening-evidence-summary/gestational-diabetes-mellitus-screening-january-2014
    May 15, 2013 - This report is intended as a reference and not as a substitute for clinical judgment. … Data Sources: 15 electronic databases from 1995 to May 2012, reference lists, Web sites of relevant … “reproducibility of results”/ reference values/ reference standards/ or/24-38 … The risk of bias dimension comprises four domains, listed along the Y-axis: flow and timing, reference … ) Country Women, n Threshold Reference Standard Sensitivity

13. 012695_02-2004.pmd (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/QETZFZLBsJbtPmVNVCgA7Z
    May 01, 1993 - Researchers and clinicians who are publishing studies using the CAGE Questionaire should cite the above reference … Researchers and clinicians who are publishing studies using the CAGE Questionaire should cite the above reference

14. Let's Talk About It: Starting Aspirin to Prevent Heart Disease and Stroke Discussion Guide for Healthcare Professionals and Patients | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation-topics/lets-talk-about-it-discussion-guides/lets-talk-about-it-starting-aspirin-prevent-heart-disease-and-stroke-discussion-guide-healthcare-professionals-and-patients
    April 09, 2025 - While primarily a reference for healthcare professionals, it can also be shared with patients, when appropriate

15. Final Research Plan: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/osteoporosis-screening
    November 18, 2021 - DXA measurement of BMD at the femoral neck (T-scores based on NHANES III reference range) or lumbar spine … (local reference range). … DXA measured at central skeletal sites, but hip T-scores based on local reference ranges. … For diagnostic accuracy: DXA-measured BMD at the femoral neck (T-scores based on NHANES III reference

16. Draft Research Plan: Cervical Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/cervical-cancer-screening-adults-adolescents
    October 28, 2021 - assay or both; mode of collection or interval of testing KQ 2: Clinician-collected hrHPV sample Reference … Case series Narrative reviews Editorials KQ 2: Diagnostic test accuracy studies without a reference

17. Screening for Hypertension in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/QaNSteuunshjz-kHPxVvAN
    April 27, 2021 - accuracy studies for screening and confirmatory measurements (ambulatory blood pressure monitoring as the reference … of hypertension screening and con- firmation, required ambulatory blood pressure measurement as the reference … The selection of the ABPM reference stan- dard was based on a 2015 systematic review conducted for the … Comparator: Study did not use ambulatory blood pressure monitoring reference standard (KQ2, KQ3). … Fourth, the reference standard for all accuracy studies was ABPM based on the previous review’s conclusion

18. Evidence Summary: Food Insecurity: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/food-insecurity-screening
    March 11, 2025 - This article is intended as a reference and not as a substitute for clinical judgment. … and specificity above 82%, although most studies did not administer the screener separately from the reference … These searches were supplemented by examination of reference lists of other previously published reviews … separate sections of a single questionnaire. 28 All of the remaining studies administered only the reference … and specificity was above 82% for all 2-item screeners when the screener was fully embedded in the reference

19. Evidence Summary: Bladder Cancer in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary14/bladder-cancer-in-adults-screening
    October 15, 2010 - This article is intended as a reference and not as a substitute for clinical judgment. … Studies of diagnostic accuracy that did not perform the reference standard in patients with negative … †Other sources include reference lists. Return to Table of Contents Appendix Figure. … standard and is done regardless of test results Reference standard is interpreted independently of … Poor: Has an important limitation, such as use of an inappropriate reference standard; the screening

20. News | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/news
    June 24, 2025 - Below you will find some helpful media reference materials about the USPSTF and its work.