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41. Screening for Ovarian Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/zHvENvrSUeZh6gFPUK_37c
    February 13, 2018 - Outcomes of interest included ovarian cancer mortality, quality of life, false-positive rate, surgery … Study out- comes should include ovarian cancer mortality, quality of life, false- positive rate, surgery … rate, surgical complication rate, and psycho- logical harms. … Outcomes of interest included ovarian cancer mor- tality, quality of life, false-positive rate, surgery … In the PLCO trial, the calculated false-positive rate (including cases of primary peri- toneal cancer

42. Archived: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Preventive Medication, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/aspirin-prophylaxis-myocardial-infarction-preventive-medication-1996
    January 01, 1996 - significant effect due to inadequate sample size or other differences in study design (e.g., high dropout rate … Although the transfusion rate was statistically significantly higher in the aspirin group, only one case … Aspirin usage did not affect the rate of hemorrhagic stroke. … In addition, there was no benefit in total cardiovascular mortality, because the reduction in the rate … of acute fatal MI was offset by an increased rate of sudden death.

43. Research Gaps for Screening Breast Cancer: Evidence Gaps Research Taxonomy Table (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/QTkyWhfQHqFUy4He2B6HU4
    Recall rate (need for further evaluation). Overdiagnosis and overtreatment. … Recall rate (need for further evaluation). Overdiagnosis and overtreatment. … Recall rate (need for further evaluation). … Recall rate (need for further evaluation). Overdiagnosis and overtreatment.

44. Archived: Syphilis Infection in Nonpregnant Adults and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/syphilis-infection-in-nonpregnant-adults-and-adolescents-june-2016
    June 07, 2016 - Men aged 20 to 29 years had the highest prevalence rate, nearly 3 times higher than that in the average … southern United States comprises the largest proportion of syphilis cases (41%); however, the case rate … The case count (19,999 cases) and case rate (6.3 cases per 100,000 persons) of primary and secondary … During 2013–2014, the rate among men increased 14.4%, from 10.2 to 11.7 cases per 100,000; among women … , the rate increased 22.7%, from 0.9 to 1.1 cases per 100,000. 1 The majority of cases of primary and

45. Archived: Evidence Summary: Syphilis Infection in Nonpregnant Adults and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/syphilis-infection-in-nonpregnant-adults-and-adolescents-june-2016
    June 07, 2016 - attending a public sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic in Australia found a higher detection rate … computer alert for physicians of MSM in 6789 consultations to test higher-risk patients improved the rate … reflected higher syphilis prevalence than the general population at the clinic, with a positive test rate … Using EIA as the initial test resulted in an increased detection rate of positive results when compared … Reverse screening yielded a higher false-positive rate than traditional testing (0.6% vs 0%, P = 0.03

46. Screening for HIV in Pregnant Women: Systematic Review to Update the 2005 USPSTF Recommendation (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/mTPBWPMDqfuWvodfd5R5Ms
    November 01, 2012 - Two investigators independently applied criteria developed by the USPSTF (13) to rate the quality of … 1999 to 2001, found full-course, single- or multidrug antiretroviral therapy to be associated with a rate … Increased rate of prematurity associated with antenatal antiretroviral therapy in a German/ Austrian … of cesarean delivery, 53%; breastfeeding rate not reported; follow-up by health department every 6 mo … of cesarean delivery, 74%; breastfeeding rate not reported; follow-up not reported; analyses of data

47. Archived: Evidence Summary: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-screening-2016
    April 05, 2016 - The proportion of cases missed by the CDQ (false-negative rate) varied widely, from 9.0% to 37.0%, and … In addition, we could not assess the harms of screening (ie, rate of false positives or proportion of … The FEV 1 /FEV 6 index test threshold of less than 0.70 showed the lowest rate of false negatives (19.8% … f Statistically significant difference; validated quit rate difference, 7.2% (95% CI, 2.2%–12.1%); … , 27% COPD-PS ≥5: Missed cases, 65% FP rate, 21% Unknown: 1 external validation study

48. Archived: Screening for HIV in Pregnant Women: Evidence Summary: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/screening-for-hiv-in-pregnant-women-evidence-summary/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-screening-2013
    November 15, 2012 - Two investigators independently applied criteria developed by the USPSTF 13 to rate the quality of each … regimens started at 18 to 34 weeks' gestation (median, 26 to 27 weeks) reported an HIV transmission rate … 2005 USPSTF review that full-course combination antiretroviral therapy is effective at reducing the rate … of cesarean delivery, 53%; breastfeeding rate not reported; follow-up by health department every 6 mo … of cesarean delivery, 74%; breastfeeding rate not reported; follow-up not reported; analyses of data

49. Screening for Syphilis: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/TzddJozNQQZYmTohr64wMz
    June 07, 2016 - 4514 MSM who elected to receive a reminder every 3, 6, or 12 months.21 There was a higher detection rate … specimens with a 5.6% positive test rate using conventional test- ing methods.25 Use of the Trep-Check … Using EIA as the initial test resulted in an increased detection rate of positive results when compared … Reverse screening in a low-prevalence population results in a higher false reactive rate as compared … Reverse screening yielded a higher false-positive rate than traditional testing (0.6% vs 0%, P = .03)

50. Draft Recommendation: Syphilis Infection During Pregnancy: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/syphilis-infection-pregnant-persons
    November 19, 2024 - Although men account for the majority of syphilis cases, the change in incidence rate among women ranged … During followup, screening uptake increased from 89.8% to 97.2%, and the congenital syphilis case rate … traditional screening algorithm approach, was reported as 31% in one study. 28 The false-positive rate … for discordant results, when following a reverse sequence screening algorithm. 30 The false-positive rate … RPR test, and resolved discordant results with a TP-PA test. 32 This study reported a 4.8% positive rate

51. Final Research Plan: Ovarian Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan153/ovarian-cancer-screening
    March 03, 2016 - and fallopian tube cancer) and morbidity, all-cause mortality, and quality of life KQ 2: Surgery rate … , false-positive rate, complications of diagnostic surgical procedures, and health and psychological

52. Final Research Plan: Cervical Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/cervical-cancer-screening-adults-adolescents
    March 17, 2022 - cancer-related morbidity KQ 2: Test accuracy (e.g., sensitivity, specificity, false-positive rate … , and false-negative rate) Adherence to screening KQ 3: Rates of false-positive and false-negative

53. Draft Recommendation: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Falls and Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/vitamin-d-calcium-combined-supplementation-primary-prevention-falls-fractures-communitydwelling-adults
    December 17, 2024 - patients die within 1 year of a hip fracture, with men experiencing a significantly higher mortality rate … 1,000 persons treated (95% CI, from 8 fewer to 5 more). 10  One trial only reported the number and rate … Findings from this trial (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 1.03 [99% CI, 0.75 to 1.43] at 3 years followup … significant differences in the incidence of participants with falls. 10 Five trials reported the rate … The pooled incidence rate ratio for vitamin D with or without calcium compared with placebo was 0.98

54. ahrq37a_LungCancer_Sum.qxd (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/VN82XmdDhcK74WtHxWBTqm
    May 01, 2004 - rate was 0.8/1,000 in the control population, not different statistically. … The mortality rate was 2.7/1,000 person-years in both the chest x-ray and dual-screening groups. … The rate of complications associated with biopsy was not described in the CT studies. … Miss rate of lung cancer on the chest radiograph in clinical practice. … • Response rate. • Diagnostic testing procedures applied equally to each group.

55. Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Best-Evidence Systematic Review (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/teeHcmNgvNBSj4-E9SN5QK
    February 01, 2005 - patients with ruptured AAAs die out of the hospital or before surgery,11 and since the operative mortality rate … We assumed that the screening attendance rate, operative mortality, and other factors were similar to … the veterans screening cohort. 3) This model assumes that the age-specific AAA-related mortality rate … an analysis of discharge data from a large U.S. hospital sample, the overall in-hospital mortality rate … These population-based estimates incorporate variability in factors such as rate of participation in

56. Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/BhnZRA--TRpXdg9_tYmZ_M
    April 05, 2016 - The proportion of cases missed by the CDQ (false-negative rate) varied widely, from 9.0% to 37.0%, and … In addition, we could not assess the harms of screening (ie, rate of false posi- tives or proportion … The FEV1/FEV6 index test threshold of less than 0.70 showed the low- est rate of false negatives (19.8% … , 27% COPD-PS ≥5 Missed cases 65% FP rate, 21% Unknown: 1 external validation study Single study set … , 8%-10% Post-BD FEV1/FEV6 <0.70 Missed cases, 20% FP rate, 5% The FP and FN rates reported in the 2

57. Draft Research Plan: Enhanced Risk Assessment for Cardiovascular Disease: Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/cardiovascular-disease-enhanced-risk-assessment-non-traditional-risk-factors
    April 25, 2024 - What is the rate of incidental findings on computed tomography for coronary artery calcium measurement … CCT = clinical controlled trial; CVD = cardiovascular disease; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate

58. Final Research Plan: Enhanced Risk Assessment for Cardiovascular Disease: Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/cardiovascular-disease-enhanced-risk-assessment-non-traditional-risk-factors
    September 26, 2024 - What is the rate of incidental findings on computed tomography for coronary artery calcium measurement … = coronary artery calcium; CCT = clinical controlled trial; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate

59. Archived: Final Evidence Review: Syphilis Infection: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-review93/syphilis-infection-screening-2004
    July 15, 2004 - The rate of congenital syphilis decreased by 20.7 percent between 2000 and 2001, from 14.0 to 11.1 cases … increase was reported as having occurred primarily among men who have sex with men. 11 The rising rate … 73 percent. 11 In a study of men who have sex with men and have early syphilis, an HIV co-infection rate … 1998, to assess HIV prevalence in U.S. patients with syphilis, reported a median HIV seroprevalence rate … of reported syphilis decreased in the South from 2000 to 2001, the South continues to have a higher rate

60. Screening for Syphilis: A Brief Update (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/8L5g-QzXLDnUofBUE457DN
    July 01, 2004 - The rate of congenital syphilis decreased by 20.7% between 2000 and 2001, from 14.0 to 11.1 cases per … 20% to 73%.11 In a study of men who have sex with men and have early syphilis, an HIV co-infection rate … 1998, to assess HIV prevalence in U.S. patients with syphilis, reported a median HIV seroprevalence rate … of reported syphilis decreased in the South from 2000 to 2001, the South continues to have a higher rate … declined 9.9% from 2000 to 2001, 62% of all reported cases were in African Americans, representing a rate