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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-240-acute-pain-appendix-f.xlsx
May 29, 2025 - Risk of bias assessment for randomized controlled trials
Author, Year
(Full citations are listed in
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/peptic-ulcer-horizon-scan-high-impact-1506.pdf
June 01, 2015 - FDA has recommended
classifying eluxadoline as a controlled substance, thus prompting final scheduling … rates up to 24% reported in some vedolizumab trials and the unknown risk of PML outside
of well-controlled … clinical trial populations as limiting the drug’s potential to fulfill an unmet
need for more efficacious
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/breast-cancer-imaging_research-protocol.pdf
December 17, 2013 - None
Timing All timing None
Setting All care settings None
Study design Systematic reviews
Randomized … control trials
Non-randomized control trials
Cohort studies (prospective and retrospective)
Case-control
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/dementia-horizon-scan-high-impact-1312.pdf
December 01, 2013 - Initial clinical trial results
suggest that insulin may improve certain cognitive measures in patients … nasal spray bottles.5,7,11 In 2013, the
Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study registered the largest randomized … , controlled trial to date
(n=240) for this intervention for treating AD and amnestic MCI.10 Various … Experts stated that the available clinical trial data are not yet
robust enough to assume efficacy … Further, only one of two insulin doses used in the trial appeared to be effective,
one expert with
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/headaches-pregnancy.pdf
March 23, 2019 - o Cluster headache
o Other TACs
Timing:
• Any
7
Setting:
• Any
Design:
• Randomized … controlled trials
• Nonrandomized comparative studies, including pre-post studies
• Single group studies … o Cluster headache
o Other TACs
Timing:
• Any
Setting:
• Any
11
Design:
• Randomized … controlled trials
• Nonrandomized comparative studies, including pre-post studies
• Single group studies … For randomized controlled trials, we will adapt the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool,25 focusing on
issues
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/pdf/epc-year-in-review-2020.pdf
January 01, 2020 - PreventiveServices-P2P-FPM-Report_FINAL_508.pdf
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31931527/
2020 Clinical Trial … Intellectual equipoise and challenges: accruing patients with advanced cancer to a
trial randomizing … Surface perturbation training to prevent falls in older adults: a highly pragmatic, randomized
controlled … trial.
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/treatment-effects-bias/research
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/13_pulmonary_potential_high_impact_june_2012.pdf
January 01, 2012 - Another drug, roflumilast, failed to meet its primary endpoints in a just-completed
phase III trial … In a randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled, phase III, clinical trial, cosponsored by the Cystic … patients with CF
who have two copies of the CFTR-F508del mutation, according to recent, phase II trial … and is simpler to administer than the injected drug.
28
Oral treprostinil was investigated in a randomized … phase III clinical trial.
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/tympanostomy-tubes-disposition.pdf
May 05, 2017 - Added "Randomized Comparative Studies"
header
Peer
Reviewer #1
Executive Summary P 20
Figure … P23
Line 45
Why is “Quality of life and
patient-centered
outcomes” in a tinier font
than “Non-Randomized … "The two randomized
comparative trials were not combined in a meta-
analysis on the basis of clinical … It must, because only one
trial is nonrandomized. … If children (ww vs TT)
are properly randomized there
should NOT be a major difference in
COME/hearing
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/tympanostomy-tubes-disposition.pdf
May 05, 2017 - Added "Randomized Comparative Studies"
header
Peer
Reviewer #1
Executive Summary P 20
Figure … P23
Line 45
Why is “Quality of life and
patient-centered
outcomes” in a tinier font
than “Non-Randomized … "The two randomized
comparative trials were not combined in a meta-
analysis on the basis of clinical … It must, because only one
trial is nonrandomized. … If children (ww vs TT)
are properly randomized there
should NOT be a major difference in
COME/hearing
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/decide16final-mortality-risk-in-copd-pts-using-theophylline.pdf
December 01, 2009 - effects are uncommon and fewer drug interaction
issues arise.16
Most theophylline studies have been controlled … was to evaluate outcomes associated with
theophylline use in patients with COPD outside the clinical trial … A 4-year
trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease. … A randomized, controlled trial of
theophylline in patients with severe chronic
obstructive pulmonary … Propensity score
methods for bias reduction in the
comparison of a treatment to a non-
randomized control
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/copd-management_research.pdf
December 01, 2009 - effects are uncommon and fewer drug interaction
issues arise.16
Most theophylline studies have been controlled … was to evaluate outcomes associated with
theophylline use in patients with COPD outside the clinical trial … A 4-year
trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease. … A randomized, controlled trial of
theophylline in patients with severe chronic
obstructive pulmonary … Propensity score
methods for bias reduction in the
comparison of a treatment to a non-
randomized control
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/obesity-child_research-protocol.pdf
March 31, 2010 - limited by many other shortcomings such as
inappropriate management of study heterogeneity, lack of randomized … , controlled interventions;
lack of objective outcome measures, poor methodology in the primary studies … quality will be assessed using the Downs & Black quality assessment
tool.
30
For the RCTs and non-randomized … sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status), settings (physical and social
environments), study design (randomized
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/health-information-exchange_executive.pdf
December 01, 2015 - ED = emergency department; HIE = health information exchange; RCT = randomized controlled trial
We reviewed … Only two randomized
trials (in 3 publications) were identified. … Impact of an
electronic link between the emergency department and
family physicians: a randomized controlled … trial. … Organizational
challenges in developing one of the Nationwide Health
Information Network trial implementation
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-234-headaches-pregnancy-summary.pdf
November 01, 2020 - Results
We found 16 primary studies (14,185 patients), representing direct evidence (3
randomized … controlled trials, 8 nonrandomized comparative studies [i.e., observational
studies that compared 2
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/developing-consistent-useful-quality-improvement.pdf
September 01, 2020 - this more standardized approach to data extraction versus
more traditional observational studies and randomized … We anticipate that when the intervention was
randomized, the intervention is mandatory by definition … We
classified a 3+ plan as
fully complete if over
the 12 month trial
period the child
attended their … MCO = Managed Care Organization; PCI = planned care intervention; PLE = peer leader education; RCT = randomized … controlled trial;
US = United States; WK = week; Y = year.
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/coronary-artery-stenting_research-protocol.pdf
August 19, 2011 - therapeutic decisionmaking outcomes, the following study
designs will be considered eligible:
7
o Randomized … We will conduct the search in MEDLINE® and in the Cochrane Central Register of
Controlled Trials. … A
prime example of the failure of randomized clinical trials.
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/renal-cancer_disposition-comments.pdf
February 24, 2016 - Also the randomized trial showed this, more urine leaks
after PN, more patients needing repeat surgery … partial nephrectomy has emerged as
the recommended treatment for T1 renal masses, yet the single
randomized … Meanwhile, I would've expected a separate
analysis for the single randomized controlled trial versus … EORTC is
an exception due to its randomized control trial
design with the most valid analysis being … This report includes a single randomized controlled trial.
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/crosscutting-horizon-scan-high-impact-1406.pdf
June 01, 2014 - The Sedasys system was studied in a randomized controlled trial that compared propofol-
mediated sedation … second
such bolus for 90 seconds.8
Clinical trials: The Sedasys system was studied in an open-label, randomized … controlled trial.9
In this trial, 1,000 adults undergoing sedation during a routine colonoscopy or … Results of
this second trial will be used to determine whether to maintain the requirement that an … Computer-assisted personalized sedation for
upper endoscopy and colonoscopy: a
comparative, multicenter randomized
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/ptsd-adult-treatment_research-protocol.pdf
December 20, 2011 - and
other criteria)
Original research
For KQs 1 through 5, eligible study designs include:
• Randomized … controlled trials. … In addition, we will include nonrandomized
controlled trials of any sample size, prospective cohort … decided to
include large observational studies with the lowest potential risk of bias to supplement the trial