-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/postpartum-care-one-year-protocol-amendment.pdf
April 25, 2022 - health) and do not address holistic needs.15 These factors may exacerbate existing
disparities by race … , ethnicity, education level, socioeconomic position, geographic location, and
Page 2 of 17 … , ethnicity, geography, disability status)
● Harms
o Health inequities*
o Perceived discrimination … /ethnicity
o Gender identity
o Sexual identity
Page 6 of 17
o Physical disability status … , ethnicity, geography, disability status)
● Harms
o Health inequities*
o Perceived discrimination
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND_0262_05-11-2007.pdf
January 01, 2007 - Race
Ethnicity
Gender
2.
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/migraine-treatments-research-amended-protocol.pdf
January 09, 2020 - How does effectiveness of opioid therapy vary depending on: (1) patient demographics
(e.g. age, race … , ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status (SES)); (2) patient medical comorbidities
(previous opioid … , ethnicity, gender); (2) patient medical comorbidities; (3) the
type of nonopioid medication; (4) dose … 1 day; 1 day to <1 week; 1 week
to <2 weeks; 2 weeks to 4 weeks), patient demographics (e.g. age, race … , ethnicity, gender,
socioeconomic status (SES)), patient medical comorbidities (previous opioid use
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/cognitive-decline_research-protocol.pdf
March 22, 2016 - Nonmodifiable risk factors include
age, sex, race/ethnicity, and family history. … However age, sex,
race/ethnicity, and family history are relevant to intervention effectiveness because … /ethnicity, family history,
education, socio-economic status, risk factor status)? … /ethnicity, family history,
education, socio-economic status, risk factor status)? … /ethnicity
�Family history
�Education level
�Modifiable risk factor
status
�Number of risk factors
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/bariatric-surgery-trends_research.pdf
November 01, 2012 - Overall,
more whites than any other race/ethnic-
ity received bariatric surgery, and rates of
surgery … /ethnicity, and region, 2006-2009
0
25
50
75
100
18-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-66 67-70 71 … and Ethnicity
LRYGB IPLAGB OPLAGB DS ORYGB
0
25
50
75
100
Midwest Northeast Southeast … • Data Points
LRYGB was again the most common bar-
iatric procedure performed on patients of
all races … Rehospitalization rates varied more when
stratified by age group (Figure 3b) and
by race.
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ptsd-comments.pdf
November 04, 2020 - /ethnicity (e.g., by % white) in the included
studies. … and ethnicity of those
who received care. … Details about
abstraction methods for race, ethnicity, and
other demographic variables is included … and ethnicity in the
population characteristics category. … Details about
abstraction methods for race, ethnicity, and
other demographic variables is included
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND-0572-140408.pdf
January 09, 2014 - Race
b. Ethnicity
c. Gender
2.
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/care-adults-down-syndrome-protocol.pdf
July 09, 2024 - How does prevalence vary by
age/decade of age, sex, setting (rural), and race/ethnicity?
2. … , ethnicity, sex), geography
(rural and urban), socioeconomic
status
Adults 18+ years of age with … Down
syndrome
Subgroups: demographics (age,
race, ethnicity, sex), geography
(rural and urban), … and ethnicity, setting),
intervention characteristics (e.g., setting, intervention duration, intervention … If available,
https://picoportal.org/
9
evidence to further stratify by age, sex, race and ethnicity
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/suicidal-thoughts-young-people-amendement.pdf
February 05, 2025 - attempts)
Effect modifiers
Patient characteristics,
comorbidities, social
determinants of health,
race … /ethnicity, racism,
and history of trauma
Adverse
Events
Intervention
characteristics
Delivery mode … /ethnicity
• History of trauma
• Experience of racial/ethnic discrimination and
marginalization … that
may affect applicability include patient factors (e.g., demographic characteristics [e.g., age, race … ,
ethnicity, socioeconomic status]), patient medical comorbidities, and intervention factors (e.g.,
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND_0365_10-28-2010.pdf
January 01, 2010 - Race/ethnicity
d. Socioeconomic Status (living situation)
e. Time since exposure to trauma
f.
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/version-2-risk-of-reinfection-from-SARSCoV2_0.pdf
December 31, 2022 - Does the risk of reinfection vary by patient characteristics (e.g., age, sex, race/ethnicity, and
comorbidities … Does the duration of protection vary by patient characteristics (e.g., age, sex, race/ethnicity, and … /ethnicity groups. … -based studies, two did not mention race.25, 27 A third stated that race and
ethnicity had been deleted … High
Race/Ethnicity
1 study; N= 4,411
Finch 202123
Blacks were under-represented in the cohorts
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/vaccine-safety_research-protocol.pdf
September 18, 2012 - /ethnicity, genotype, underlying medical condition, whether a
vaccine is administered individually or … /ethnicity, genotype, underlying medical condition, whether a
vaccine is administered individually or … /ethnicity, genotype, underlying medical condition, whether
the vaccine is administered individually … /ethnicity, genotype, underlying medical condition,
whether vaccine administered individually or in … Both
patient factors (i.e., age and race) and vaccine factors (i.e., formulation, dosage, and timing
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/anal-cancer-protocol.pdf
September 26, 2023 - accounting for over 90 percent of anal
malignancies,2-4 and risk factors include female gender, Black race … /ethnicity). … /ethnicity)? … /ethnicity)
Adults with:
• Stage IV anal cancer
• Lower rectal cancer that has
spread to the … /ethnicity, clinical characteristics including cancer stage and outcome timing, and
results of outcomes
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/misuse-adhd-prescription-rapid-research.pdf
July 01, 2025 - Prescription stimulant misuse avoidance self-
efficacy: Correlates and moderation by
race/ethnicity. … Age, year in school, Greek
status, and race/ethnicity were not
associated with misuse, likely due to … Regression
analyses examining frequency of
misuse by race/ethnicity showed no
significant difference … : 32% of podiatry
students misused ADHD medications;
in logistic regression, age, sex,
race/ethnicity … By race/ ethnicity, US
population aged 12 or older: White
1.7%, Hispanic 0.9%, Asian 0.8%,
Black 0.8%
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/hypofractionated-radiation-therapy-protocol.pdf
April 17, 2024 - Key Question 1.a Do findings vary with respect to patient characteristics (e.g., age, race and
ethnicity … Key Question 2.a Do findings vary with respect to patient characteristics (e.g., age, race, and
ethnicity … , ethnicity,
socioeconomic status, or geography? … KQs 1a, 2a: Consider patient characteristics (e.g., age, race and
ethnicity), pretreatment characteristics … Detailed patient demographics and clinical characteristics,
including age, gender, race, ethnicity,
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND_0316_03-12-2009.pdf
January 01, 2009 - Does the evidence for the above questions vary according to a patient’s age, gender, income
level, race … /ethnicity, and clinical subgroups (e.g., hypertensive/normotensive, diabetic, renal
transplant status
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/dcis-prognostic-tests_research.pdf
August 22, 2012 - Rates of testing varied significantly across
race groups for all tests. … Race/ethnicity: We defined race using the SEER Race Recode Y vari-
able. … /ethnicity categories:
white, white Hispanic, black, Asian or Pacific Islander. … were less likely to have ER/PR testing than other racial
groups (82.1% versus >85% for all other races … one if male) close blood relatives
with epithelial ovarian or breast cancers,
or be a member of an ethnicity
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/care-adults-down-syndrome-protocol-amendment.pdf
February 05, 2025 - How does prevalence vary by
age/decade of age, sex, setting (rural), and race/ethnicity?
2. … , ethnicity, sex), geography
(rural and urban), socioeconomic
status
Adults 18+ years of age with … Down
syndrome
Subgroups: demographics (age,
race, ethnicity, sex), geography
(rural and urban) … and ethnicity, setting),
intervention characteristics (e.g., setting, intervention duration, intervention … and ethnicity, and setting will also be extracted.
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/health-literacy_research-protocol.pdf
January 22, 2010 - d) Disparities in health outcomes or health care service use according to race, ethnicity, culture, or … used to define each key question as follows:
KQ1
– Population: Individuals and caregivers of all races … We will also include studies that report on variables, such as
race, ethnicity, culture or age, examined … Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria for the Systematic Review
Category Criteria
Study population All races … Is self-efficacy associated with diabetes self-management
across race/ethnicity and health literacy?
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/pressure-ulcer-treatment_research-protocol.pdf
November 08, 2011 - treatment strategies differ according to patient
characteristics, including but not limited to: age; race … /ethnicity; body weight; specific
medical comorbidities; and known risk factors for pressure ulcers, … Do the harms of treatment strategies differ according to patient characteristics, including:
age, race … /ethnicity; body weight; specific medical comorbidities; and knows risk factors for
pressure ulcers, … anatomic site or ulcer severity at
baseline; patient characteristics including but not limited to age, race