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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary14/bladder-cancer-in-adults-screening
October 15, 2010 - We assessed the overall strength of the body of evidence for each key question (good, fair, or poor) … (Key Question 1)
We identified no RCTs of screening for bladder cancer. … (Key Question 2)
No study evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of screening tests for bladder … KQ . key question; RCT . randomized, controlled trial. … Arrow 4 represents Key Question 4: "What are the harms of screening for bladder cancer and treatment
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-screening
October 08, 2020 - Contextual Question
Contextual … screening to smoking cessation and recommended immunizations as a preventive service for the Contextual Question
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/pKa4_DYwzuyD6RDgYzLMbo
August 22, 2018 - Benefits of Screening for IPV
Key Question 1. … Accuracy of Screening for IPV
Key Question 2. … Harms of Screening for IPV
Key Question 3. … Harms of Interventions
Key Question 5. … STaT:
a three-question screen for intimate partner
violence.
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary20/depression-in-adults-screening-2009
December 15, 2009 - Search results and article flow, by key question
Appendix Table 2. … Key question 1 trials compared outcomes in screened and unscreened patients. … KQ = key question.
*Go to full report for other KQ criteria 16 . … At the top of the figure is a circle with a "1" in it for key question 1. … KQ = key question
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-statins/statin-use-in-adults-preventive-medication-november-2016
November 13, 2016 - Key Question 1b. … Key Question 1c. … 1a, 0 trials (direct evidence) for Key Question 1b, 7 trials for Key Question 1c, 17 trials and 2 observational … studies for Key Question 2, and 3 trials (direct evidence) for Key Question 3. … Quality: See key question 1a
Estimates precise
Poor
Key Question 1c: Subgroups
7 RCTs
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary4/colorectal-cancer-screening-2008
October 15, 2008 - Eligibility Criteria for Studies, by Key Question
Appendix Table 2. U.S. … Evidence tables and tables of excluded studies for each key question are available in the full report … (Key question 2b)
Fecal tests
11 total studies
FIT
Internal —Fair. … (Key question 2a)
Colonoscopy
Internal —Fair.
External —Fair to poor. … (Key question 3a)
Colonoscopy
Internal —Fair.
External —Good.
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary10/aspirin-for-the-prevention-of-cardiovascular-disease-preventive-medication-2009
March 15, 2009 - Data Synthesis
We synthesized the studies qualitatively and organized them by key question. … Key Question 2
Does aspirin use in women and men increase gastrointestinal bleeding or hemorrhagic … Four studies provided information on the harms of aspirin for this key question. … The upper arrow is labeled "KQ1" for "Key Question 1." … The lower arrow pointing from the first rectangle is labeled "KQ2" for "Key Question 2."
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/prevention-of-human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-pre-exposure-prophylaxis
January 13, 2022 - Abbreviations: FTC=emtricitabine; HIV=human immunodeficiency virus; KQ=key question; PrEP=pre-exposure … hepatitis B as an outcome, added “persistence” to Contextual Questions 1 and 2, and expanded Contextual Question
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/cervical-cancer-screening-adults-adolescents
March 17, 2022 - intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3; HPV=human papillomavirus; hrHPV=high-risk human papillomavirus; KQ=key question … comment, the USPSTF included pregnant persons in the population of interest and added a contextual question
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/vitamin-d-calcium-combined-supplementation-primary-prevention-falls-fractures-communitydwelling-adults
January 12, 2023 - Abbreviation: KQ=key question. … Abbreviations: BMD=bone mineral density; ED=emergency department; KQ=key question; RCT=randomized, controlled
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/BhnZRA--TRpXdg9_tYmZ_M
April 05, 2016 - KQ indicates key question.
a Details about reasons for exclusion are as follows. … Range of Diagnostic Accuracy Values for FEV1/FEV6 in Included Studies (Key Question 3)
Source
No. … Study Characteristics and Abstinence Outcomes of Smoking Cessation Trials (Key Question 5a)
Source
No … Summary of Findings: Treatment Efficacy (Key Question 7)
LABA ICS LABA-ICS LAMA Tiotropium
Population … Summary of Evidence Table (continued)
Key Question Population No. of Studies
No. of
Participants Study
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/public-comments-and-nominations/nominating-recommendation-statement-topics/new-topic
June 22, 2025 - Policy
View our Privacy Policy (new window)
CAPTCHA
This question
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary1/sexually-transmitted-infections-behavioral-counseling-september-2014
September 22, 2014 - 1), behavioral outcomes (key question 2), other positive outcomes (key question 3), and harms of counseling … (key question 4). … The following number of article were included for Key Question 1 (n=41), Key Question 2 (n=46), Key Question … 3 (n=15), and Key Question 4 (n=4).
… KQ = key question; STI = sexually transmitted infection.
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/hepatitis-c-screening
December 21, 2017 - transmission (KQ 5), harms of treatment (KQ 7); behavioral outcomes will be included for Contextual Question … reports, studies not reporting original data
Abbreviation s: HCV=hepatitis C virus; KQ=key question … The USPSTF also added a KQ on the yield of repeat HCV screening and revised Contextual Question 3 to
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/syphilis-infection-in-pregnancy-screening
May 13, 2025 - and results are available in the full evidence review. 4 The review also reported on a contextual question … regarding the need for repeat screening during pregnancy; this question was not evaluated systematically … For the contextual question on repeat screening, we identified 3 retrospective cohort studies and 1 national
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Xbtq4oDQwVo7KgmSjnnDbz
November 01, 2021 - Prospective Diagnostic Accuracy Studies of Screening Computed Tomographic Colonography (Key Question … Key Question 3b. Do adverse effects vary by important subpopu-
lations (eg, age)? … Perforations From Flexible Sigmoidoscopy (Key Question 3)
0 50 7525
Event Rate per 10 000 Procedures … Major Bleeding From Flexible Sigmoidoscopy (Key Question 3)
0
Event Rate per 10 000 Procedures (95% … Key question 3b: Do adverse effects
vary by important subpopulations (eg, age)?
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ZcuLSXJZXLz9Y2LECTWqVJ
November 01, 2009 - Harms Associated With Mammography Screening (Key
Question 2a)
Radiation Exposure
No studies directly … Harms associated with mammography
screening (key question 2a)
Several systematic reviews and
primary … Clinical breast examination screening
benefits (key question 1b)
1 (2 in progress) RCT The trial was … 1b:
CBE
outcomes
2 trials +
3 SRs
Key question 1c:
BSE
outcomes
Radiation: 5 studies + 1 SR
Pain … 2a:
mammography
harms
3 studies
Key question 2b:
CBE
harms
3 studies
Key question 2c:
BSE
harms
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/unhealthy-alcohol-use-adolescents-adults-behavioral-counseling-interventions
May 16, 2024 - Alcohol, and other Drugs (BSTAD) or comparable
Studies without any screening instruments or question … to design-specific USPSTF criteria)
Abbreviations: DUI=driving under the influence; KQ=key question … In response to public comments, we added an additional contextual question to examine the barriers and
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary45/skin-cancer-counseling-2012
May 15, 2012 - Search Strategies for Each Question Based on Existing Systematic Reviews
Table 2. … Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria, by Key Question
Appendix Table 2. … Key question 5: Are sun-protective behaviors associated with adverse effects? … (35 unique studies) for key question 4, and 19 articles (17 unique studies) for key question 5. … Search Strategies for Each Question Based on Existing Systematic Reviews
Key Question
Skin
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/colorectal-cancer-screening-june-2016
June 15, 2016 - Key Question 3b. Do adverse effects vary by important subpopulations (eg, age)? … for key question 3. … Prospective Diagnostic Accuracy Studies of Screening Computed Tomographic Colonography (Key Question … Fair to good
Key Question 2: Diagnostic Accuracy of Screening c
Colonoscopy
Prospective … Key question 3b: Do adverse effects vary by important subpopulations (eg, age)?