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81. Interventions for Weight Management in Children and Adolescents: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/e9f8a_uGMXxSbBUxpRPkrc
    June 18, 2024 - MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES BMI and other weight-related outcomes, cardiometabolic measures, quality of … , were reported in only 14 studies (n = 2558); 13 of these reported a measure of quality of life. … 1.9 [95% CI, 0.2-3.5]; 11 RCTs [n = 1922]; I2 = 48.4%) (eTable 5, eFigure 1 in the Supplement; most scales … of life (on mostly 100-point scales) in trials of semaglutide and high-contact behavioral interventions … The PedsQL 4.0 as a pediatric population health measure: feasibility, reliability, and validity.

82. Archived: Evidence Summary: High Blood Pressure in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary19/high-blood-pressure-in-adults-screening-monitoring-october-2015
    December 22, 2014 - the Oscar 2 ambulatory blood pressure monitor among research participants: a cross-sectional repeated measures … Weights are from random-effects analysis. … † Measure based on >1 visit or involved an additional confirmation step. … Weights are from random-effects analysis. … † Measure based on >1 visit or involved an additional confirmation step.

83. Archived: High Blood Pressure in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/high-blood-pressure-in-adults-screening-monitoring-october-2015
    October 12, 2015 - Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2014. 2. … An experimental study of effects on blood pressure and quality of life. … the Oscar 2 ambulatory blood pressure monitor among research participants: a cross-sectional repeated measures … , Adjusted for Office Blood Pressure   Weights … Pressure, Adjusted for Office Blood Pressure Weights

84. Archived: Final Research Plan: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/osteoporosis-screening-june-2018
    November 05, 2015 - They should not be construed as an official position of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality … measurement tests, or both (e.g., sensitivity, specificity, reliability) Fracture risk prediction (measures … rashes) KQ 1: Nonvalidated fractures and their related morbidity and mortality Bone density measures … 3: Case series, case reports KQs 4, 5: Nonsystematic reviews, case series, case reports Quality … Good and fair quality Poor quality Language English Languages other than English

85. Recommendation: Speech and Language Delay and Disorders in Children: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/speech-and-language-delay-and-disorders-in-children-age-5-and-younger-screening
    January 23, 2024 - the prevalence of speech and language delay and disorders have also been observed based on various measures … intensive parent-delivered, group training interventions found benefits for expressive language outcome measures … In general, results were inconsistent, with some studies showing improvement in some measures of receptive … 21 No individual study was replicated by a study using the same intervention and reporting similar measures … Four studies reported measures of early literacy, with only 1 trial demonstrating statically significant

86. Archived: Evidence Summary: Healthful Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary2/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-counseling-adults-with-high-risk-of-cvd-august-2014
    August 26, 2014 - Good-quality studies generally met all criteria, whereas fair-quality studies did not meet all criteria … bias and whether the distribution of the effect sizes was symmetrical with respect to the precision measure … We included 11 good-quality and 63 fair-quality trials. … in a composite measure of all CVD events at 6.6 years of follow-up (relative risk, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.51 … Findings of benefit on self-reported QOL measures were mixed.

87. Evidence Summary: BRCA-Related Cancer: Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/brca-related-cancer-risk-assessment-genetic-counseling-and-genetic-testing
    August 20, 2019 - Two reviewers independently assessed study quality. … Main Outcomes and Measures: Cancer incidence and mortality; discriminatory accuracy of risk assessment … Of 17 studies evaluating breast cancer worry, 1 reported increased measures after genetic counseling … Short-term measures of anxiety, health anxiety, depression, distress, uncertainty, and quality of life … Quality of life in asymptomatic BRCA1 /2 mutation carriers.

88. Evidence Summary: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/hypertensive-disorders-pregnancy-screening
    September 19, 2023 - Main Outcomes and Measures: Morbidity or mortality, measures of health-related quality of life. … Included outcomes were mortality, morbidity related to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, measures … Quality: Study was poor quality. … consistent, reasonably precise for mental health/HRQoL Risk of bias higher for anxiety outcome measures … of the trials found differences in anxiety or postnatal depression between study groups; different measures

89. Procedure Manual Appendix VIII. Standardization of Outcome Tables | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/procedure-manual/procedure-manual-appendix-viii-standardization-outcome-tables
    July 01, 2017 - Outcome measures (harms and benefits): Deaths (where relevant). … Quality-adjusted life years (when possible). Adverse events/states.

90. Behavioral Counseling to Prevent Skin Cancer: A Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ofaMtvNZ-5KdhWAJjXfZpN
    February 01, 2011 - measures of sun exposure; or total, which are cumulative estimates of sun exposure. … Six case–control studies included some measure of total sun exposure, either during childhood, during … Four of 5 studies used only a crude dichotomous measure of indoor tanning, and none of these studies … Most studies used crude measures of indoor tanning exposure. … Both of these studies, however, used only a crude dichotomous measure of sunscreen use.

91. Archived: Tobacco Use in Children and Adolescents: Primary Care Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/tobacco-use-in-children-and-adolescents-primary-care-interventions-2013
    August 15, 2013 - smoking and nicotine dependence of a child or adolescent, reliability and validity of self-reported measures … Several studies did not report specific measures but reported the number of children or adolescents who … No studies used biochemical measures to confirm self-reported measures. … Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2003. … Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; December 2012.

92. Evidence Summary: Skin Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/skin-cancer-screening
    April 18, 2023 - Main Outcomes and Measures: Morbidity; mortality; skin cancer stage, precursor lesions, or lesion thickness … Measures of relative cancer survival (for example, the proportion of individuals who survive for a given … However, population mortality measures can be less subject to lead time bias and presence of overdiagnosis … Discordant quality ratings were resolved by consensus. Poor-quality studies were excluded. … Quality: Study was poor quality.

93. Archived: Evidence Summary: Harms of Screening for Breast Cancer: Breast Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-harms-of-screening-for-breast-cancer/breast-cancer-screening-january-2016
    January 11, 2016 - Studies of anxiety and pain used different outcome measures. … In addition, at least 7 different measures of overdiagnosis were reported. 19 Estimates differed in … numbers of narrowly selected participants, use of various self-reported measures, differential attrition … Author, Year (Reference) Study Design Population Comparisons (Number of Participants) Measures … systematic reviews of 24 studies; 10 observational studies Fair Studies used different outcome measures

94. Evidence Summary: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-screening
    May 10, 2022 - Main Outcomes and Measures: COPD-related morbidity or mortality, measures of health-related quality … Outcomes of interest included mortality, morbidity from COPD, measures of health-related quality of life … of life, dyspnea, exercise or physical performance measures, mental health, smoking cessation) at 26 … AHRQ had no role in study selection, quality assessment, or synthesis. … Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2022. AHRQ publication 21-05287-EF-1. 7.

95. Final Research Plan: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/vitamin-d-calcium-or-combined-supplementation-for-the-primary-prevention-of-fractures-in-adults-preventive-medication
    June 23, 2016 - They should not be construed as an official position of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality … Analytic Framework † Measures … patients known to have a previous osteoporotic fracture); bone mineral density changes; other intermediate measures … Original research Languages other than English Narrative reviews Editorials Study quality … Good- and fair-quality studies Poor-quality studies * Only the most recent systematic review

96. Interventions to Prevent Illicit and Nonmedical Drug Use in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/oaVhMNVAnx3b5-UUunZkjr
    December 17, 2018 - Quality: Study was poor quality. Non–English-language: Publication not in English. … Nineteen trials reported a continuous measure, most com- monly the number of times illicit drugs were … Dichotomous measures were selected over continuous measures, 1-month time frames were selected over lon … trials.26,28,56 Most general prevention trials found no group differences on mental health symptom scales … 0.08 (–0.16 to 0.00) Favors intervention Favors control Vertical dashed line indicates the overall measure

97. Effectiveness of Weight Management Interventions in Children: A Targeted Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/b5LjDb3-UoPV8LEWavJWB8
    February 01, 2010 - We rated 6 of the trials16,19,20,22,25,26 as good quality and the remaining trials as fair quality. … Adiposity was the most common addi- tional measure, reported in 5 of 13 be- havioral counseling trials … All of these measures have strengths and limita- tions. … Percentile scores are helpful when describing weight change in children of many ages, be- cause they are a measure … Criteria10 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence Methodology Checklists64 The measure

98. Archived: Evidence Summary: Tobacco Use in Children and Adolescents: Primary Care Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary26/tobacco-use-in-children-and-adolescents-primary-care-interventions-2013
    December 11, 2012 - Data Synthesis:  19 trials (4 good-quality and 15 fair-quality) that were designed to prevent tobacco … Interventions and measures were heterogeneous. Most trials examined only cigarette smoking. … Data Extraction and Quality Assessment Two independent investigators conducted quality assessments … We excluded poor-quality trials. … First, there were inconsistent measures of baseline smoking status and outcome measures.

99. JAMA (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/4_pXjq7Egjwb_vjZZT-NGB
    May 01, 2021 - MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Morbidity or mortality, measures of health-related quality of life. … Included outcomes were mortality, morbidity related to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, measures … Quality: Study was poor quality. … Reasonably consistent, reasonably precise for mental health/HRQoL Risk of bias higher for anxiety outcome measures … of the trials found differences in anxiety or postnatal depression between study groups; different measures

100. Archived: C-Reactive Protein as a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Coronary Heart Disease: Screening Using Non-Traditional Risk Factors | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/c-reactive-protein-as-a-risk-factor-for-coronary-heart-disease-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analyses-for-the-us-preventive-services-task-force/coronary-heart-disease-screening-using-non-traditional-risk-factors-2009
     July 15, 2008 - In particular, they did not systematically assess the degree of adjustment for standard measures of CHD … , discrimination measures, or model calibration statistics separately for models with and without CRP … They note that measures of risk reclassification are probably better than the c-statistic for assessing … Using data from the Women's Health Study, Cook and colleagues 23 demonstrated that although measures … Non-HDL cholesterol, apolipoproteins A-I and B100, standard lipid measures, lipid ratios, and CRP as