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61. Draft Research Plan: Screening for Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/impaired-visual-acuity-screening-older-adults
    February 13, 2020 - They should not be construed as an official position of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality … endothelial growth factor inhibitors on visual acuity, morbidity, mortality, general or vision-related quality … refractive error and cataracts Outcomes KQs 1, 2, 5–7: Visual acuity; vision-related quality … of life; functional capacity, including ability to drive and driving outcomes; other measures of morbidity … specificity, positive and negative predictive values, areas under the receiver operating curve, and other measures

62. Final Research Plan: Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan142/obstructive-sleep-apnea-in-adults-screening
    October 30, 2014 - They should not be construed as an official position of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality … of life (both disease-specific measures, such as the Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire, and … general measures, such as the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey), motor vehicle crashes, cardiovascular … KQ 2: Sensitivity, specificity, discrimination, calibration KQ 3: Sensitivity and specificity; measures … daytime somnolence or sleepiness (e.g., measured with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale or other validated measures

63. Archived: Final Research Plan: Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan142/obstructive-sleep-apnea-in-adults-screening-january-2017
    October 30, 2014 - They should not be construed as an official position of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality … of life (both disease-specific measures, such as the Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire, and … general measures, such as the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey), motor vehicle crashes, cardiovascular … KQ 2: Sensitivity, specificity, discrimination, calibration KQ 3: Sensitivity and specificity; measures … daytime somnolence or sleepiness (e.g., measured with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale or other validated measures

64. Final Research Plan: Hypertension in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/hypertension-in-adults-screening
    October 04, 2018 - They should not be construed as an official position of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality … blood pressure; CVD = cardiovascular disease; ESRD = end-stage renal disease; HF = heart failure; QoL = quality … ABPM) Blood pressure measurement with wrist and finger monitors, forearm cuffs, or ankle and toe measures … of life measures, tolerability of ABPM devices) KQs 1, 3: Cardiovascular symptoms (e.g., palpitations … the 2015 Human Development Index Language English Other languages than English Study quality

65. Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendaiton Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/PR7HUFdx2b_F9HvDFqz76L
    March 19, 2024 - none reported group differences.1,21 Of 4 trials (n = 1638) evaluating outcomes based on the Bayley Scales … Outcome measures could also include those outside the child welfare system (eg, composite measures). … • In addition, consistency in outcome measure definitions, outcome types, and outcome timing across … The US Congress mandates that the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) support the operations … Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2024. AHRQ publication 23-05307-EF-1. 2.

66. Evidence Summary: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/hypertensive-disorders-pregnancy-screening
    September 19, 2023 - Main Outcomes and Measures: Morbidity or mortality, measures of health-related quality of life. … Included outcomes were mortality, morbidity related to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, measures … Quality: Study was poor quality. … consistent, reasonably precise for mental health/HRQoL Risk of bias higher for anxiety outcome measures … of the trials found differences in anxiety or postnatal depression between study groups; different measures

67. Final Research Plan: Falls Prevention in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/falls-prevention-community-dwelling-older-adults-interventions
    July 21, 2022 - They should not be construed as an official position of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality … injuries and fractures Disability (as measured by instrumental activities of daily life instruments) Quality … reported in studies KQ 1: Basic activities of daily living Falls Efficacy Scale Function measures … Balance Scale) KQ 2: Minor adverse events that are reported using nonvalidated and nongeneralizable measures … 2019 Human Development Index Language English only Non-English-language publications Quality

68. Draft Research Plan: Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/vitamin-d-deficiency-screening-adults
    October 25, 2018 - They should not be construed as an official position of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality … between vitamin D use and selected intermediate outcomes (i.e., bone mineral density, blood pressure, and measures … Incidence of falls Incidence of fractures Incidence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer Quality … mass), behavioral outcomes (changes in diet or physical activity), or physical fitness/muscle strength measures … Good- and fair-quality studies (i.e., studies with low risk of bias or some concerns for bias) Poor-quality

69. Final Research Plan: Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/vitamin-d-deficiency-screening
    January 24, 2019 - They should not be construed as an official position of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality … intermediate outcomes (i.e., bone mineral density, blood pressure, glucose levels, lipid levels, and measures … mass), behavioral outcomes (changes in diet or physical activity), or physical fitness/muscle strength measures … without a comparison group) Language English language Languages other than English Study quality … Good- and fair-quality studies (i.e., studies with low risk of bias or some concerns for bias) Poor-quality

70. Individualizing Cancer Screening in Older Adults | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/individualizing-cancer-screening-older-adults
    March 01, 2021 - Measures of functional status and health-related quality of life (HRQL) need to be included in trials … Quality-adjusted life years estimated using preference-based measures are a prominent way for estimating … quality-adjusted survival. … are good measures in older adults will be explored in an upcoming companion report. … Outcomes Assessment in Cancer: Measures, Methods, and Applications.

71. Draft Research Plan: Impaired Visual Acuity and Glaucoma in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/impaired-visual-acuity-glaucoma-in-adults-screening
    February 13, 2020 - They should not be construed as an official position of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality … of life; functional capacity, including ability to drive and driving outcomes; other measures of morbidity … specificity; positive and negative predictive values, areas under the receiver operating curve; and other measures … e.g., eye irritation, corneal abrasion, infection, anterior synechiae, or cataracts) KQs 4, 5: Measures … or good-quality studies Poor-quality studies Abbreviations: FDA = U.S.

72. Final Research Plan: Impaired Visual Acuity in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/impaired-visual-acuity-adults-october-2022
    June 04, 2020 - They should not be construed as an official position of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality … older adults versus no screening on visual acuity, morbidity or mortality, general or vision-related quality … of life; functional capacity, including ability to drive and driving outcomes; other measures of morbidity … specificity, positive and negative predictive values, areas under the receiver operating curve, and other measures … Fair- or good-quality studies Poor-quality studies

73. Final Research Plan: Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/impaired-visual-acuity-screening-older-adults
    June 04, 2020 - They should not be construed as an official position of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality … older adults versus no screening on visual acuity, morbidity or mortality, general or vision-related quality … of life; functional capacity, including ability to drive and driving outcomes; other measures of morbidity … specificity, positive and negative predictive values, areas under the receiver operating curve, and other measures … Fair- or good-quality studies Poor-quality studies Abbreviation: RCT=randomized controlled

74. Evidence Summary: Cardiovascular Disease: Risk Assessment With Nontraditional Risk Factors | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary--html/cardiovascular-disease-screening-using-nontraditional-risk-assessment
    July 10, 2018 - Main Outcomes and Measures: Cardiovascular events, mortality, risk assessment performance measures ( … KQ2 studies were required to include a measure of calibration, discrimination, or reclassification ( … This analysis uses the change in C statistic to measure discrimination. … Across all 3 nontraditional risk factors, less than half of studies reported a measure of calibration … Quality: Study was poor quality.

75. Final Research Plan: Ovarian Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan153/ovarian-cancer-screening
    March 03, 2016 - They should not be construed as an official position of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality … mortality (including primary peritoneal and fallopian tube cancer) and morbidity, all-cause mortality, and quality … trials Cohort studies, case-controls, case reports, case series, and decision analyses Study quality … Good and fair quality, according to USPSTF criteria and supplemental quality measures Poor quality … , according to USPSTF criteria and supplemental quality measures Language English Languages

76. Archived: Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/postmenopausal-osteoporosis-screening-1996
    January 01, 1996 - They should not be construed as an official position of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality … They should not be construed as an official position of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality … grams/cm. 2 Single photon absorptiometry (SPA), in which radioisotopes are the photon source, can measure … In a single measure of bone density, there is a small risk of inaccurate values, and there is no value … Results of bone densitometry affect women's decisions about taking measures to prevent fractures.

77. Archived: Screening and Interventions for Childhood Obesity: Where Is the Evidence? A Commentary by the Childhood Obesity Working Group of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Screening, July 2005 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/screening-and-interventions-for-childhood-obesity-where-is-t/obesity-in-children-and-adolescents-screening-2005
    July 11, 2005 - Physicians also seem to take high BMI more seriously than weight and height measures; 2 when documentation … It is important to note that the USPSTF did not recommend that primary care clinicians not weigh and measure … Although BMI is a convenient and widely agreed-upon measure of obesity, it is not clear what BMI at any … screening (and intervention) for overweight in childhood improves age-appropriate behavioral or physiologic measures … interventions lead to improved intermediate outcomes, including behavioral, physiologic or weight-related measures

78. Final Research Plan: Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children and Pregnant Women: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/elevated-blood-lead-levels-in-childhood-and-pregnancy-screening
    October 13, 2016 - to chelation therapy (e.g., renal toxicity, sensitivity reactions) All other outcomes, including measures … blood lead levels KQ 2b: Observational studies assessing the accuracy of capillary sampling to measure … Studies rated good or fair quality Studies rated poor quality Clinical Setting All KQs: … reactions); adverse effects of nutritional supplements (e.g., nausea) All other outcomes, including measures … Studies rated good or fair quality Studies rated poor quality Clinical Setting All KQs:

79. Evidence Summary: Gynecological Conditions: Periodic Screening With the Pelvic Examination | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/gynecological-conditions-screening-with-the-pelvic-examination
    March 07, 2017 - At least 2 reviewers critically appraised included studies using the Newcastle Ottawa Scales 22 for … (95% CI) c Sensitivity Measures (95% CI) c Specificity Measures (95% CI) c PPV Measures … (95% CI) c NPV Measures (95% CI) c False-Positive Rate Measures (95% CI) c False-Negative … (95% CI) b Sensitivity Measure (95% CI) b Specificity Measure (95% CI) b … PPV Measure (95% CI) b NPV Measure (95% CI) b False-Positive Rate Measure (

80. Reconsidering the Approach to Prevention Recommendations for Older Adults | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/reconsidering-approach-prevention-recommendations-older-adults
    February 01, 2014 - Studies that evaluate the efficacy of these multifactorial interventions often measure more than 1 type … These measures offer important and relevant considerations for setting goals of care, but they are not … Many outcomes are continuous or ordinal measures, designed to be sensitive across a continuum, that are … of the potential differences in benefits and harms, patient preferences, and reported health status measures … ," because of the diversity in domains and measures used to identify patients at risk for falls.