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21. Treating Localized Prostate Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/prostate-cancer-therapies-update/consumer
    November 01, 2020 - PSA blood test: This blood test tells how much PSA (a protein made by the prostate gland) is in your … Many men with prostate cancer have PSA levels that are higher than normal or that have gotten higher … A high PSA level does not always mean a man has prostate cancer. … This growth, and other health conditions, can cause a high PSA level in men who do not have prostate … During checkups, your doctor may do a digital rectal exam, a PSA blood test, a biopsy, or other tests

22. Arthritis and Nontraumatic Joint Disease (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/arthritis-horizon-scan-high-impact-1506.pdf
    June 01, 2015 - About 50% of patients with PsA have the HLA-B27 allele. … The main symptoms of PsA are joint pain, stiffness, and swelling that can affect any joint. … Secukinumab (Cosentyx) for Treatment of Psoriatic Arthritis  Key Facts: Current treatments for PsA … By blocking the effects of IL-17A–localized autoimmune reactions, PsA symptoms may be limited while … Four phase III trials on secukinumab for treating PsA are ongoing.

23. Therapies for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/prostate-cancer-therapies-update/clinician
    December 01, 2019 - Presenting symptoms, a physical examination, a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, and a biopsy may … and then intervening to manage them. 3 WW does not include active monitoring such as performing a PSA … Active surveillance (AS) A strategy with curative intent that involves regular monitoring of PSA … Physicians might take into consideration age, general health status, stage of tumor, PSA level, Gleason … Prostate cancer incidence and PSA testing patterns in relation to USPSTF screening recommendations.

24. Tratamiento del cáncer de próstata localizado: Revisión de la investigación para adultos (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/prostate-cancer-therapies-update_espanol.pdf
    November 01, 2016 - � Examen de sangre para antígeno prostático específico (PSA, en inglés): Este análisis de sangre … indica cuánto PSA (una proteína elaborada por la próstata) circula en la sangre. … En muchos casos de cáncer de próstata, el nivel de PSA es mayor de lo normal o ha aumentado con el … ☐ Un nivel alto de PSA no siempre significa que el hombre tenga cáncer de próstata. … Este agrandamiento y otros problemas de salud pueden causar un nivel alto de PSA en hombres que no

25. Tratamiento del cáncer de próstata localizado | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/prostate-cancer-therapies-update/espanol
    May 01, 2020 - Examen de sangre para antígeno prostático específico (PSA, en inglés): Este análisis de sangre indica … cuánto PSA (una proteína elaborada por la próstata) circula en la sangre. … Un nivel alto de PSA no siempre significa que el hombre tenga cáncer de próstata. … Su médico puede utilizar su nivel de PSA, el puntaje de Gleason y el puntaje tumoral (puntaje T) para … El cáncer se descubre en una biopsia efectuada después que un hombre presenta un nivel alto de PSA o

26. Evidence Report on the (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/arthritis-psoriatric_research-protocol.pdf
    December 06, 2010 - Background and Objectives for the Systematic Review Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is among the most disabling … PsA has a highly variable presentation, which generally involves pain and inflammation in joints and … Additionally, PsA may predate the development of skin disease leading to some diagnostic uncertainty … In the general population the prevalence of PsA is estimated to be 0.3% to 1%. … The oral DMARDs used to treat patients with PsA are hydrochloroquine, leflunomide, methotrexate, and

27. Prostate-Cancer-Test Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/prostate-cancer-test_executive.pdf
    April 01, 2013 - , reported as a ratio of free to total PSA or percent free PSA (%fPSA). … • A second isoform is PSA bound to serum antiproteases, or complexed PSA (cPSA). … • PSA density is the ratio of tPSA concentration to prostate volume. … Utility of PSA velocity for predicting positive biopsy or insignificant cancer is not clear.17 PSA … • How does PCA3 compare with the two more frequently used add-on tests (free PSA, PSA velocity) that

28. An Evidence Review of Active Surveillance in Men with Localized Prostate Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/prostate-cancer-surveillance/research
    December 01, 2019 - Increased diagnosis of early-stage prostate cancer due to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, led … Currently, patients are diagnosed with earlier stage and lower risk prostate cancers compared to the pre-PSA … different monitoring protocols, all with different combinations of periodic digital rectal examination, PSA … included older age, presence of comorbidities, lower Gleason score, lower tumor stage, lower diagnostic PSA

29. Arthritis and Nontraumatic Joint Disease (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/arthritis-horizon-scan-high-impact-1512.pdf
    December 29, 2015 - and a monoclonal antibody for treating either ankylosing spondylitis (AS) or psoriatic arthritis (PsA … The main symptoms of PsA are joint pain, stiffness, and swelling that can affect any joint. … Severe PsA will develop in a small proportion of patients, appearing in their hands, feet, and spine … By blocking the effects of IL-17A–localized autoimmune reactions, PsA symptoms may be limited while … Five phase III trials on secukinumab for treating PsA are ongoing.

30. Layout 1 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/rheumatoid-arthritis-2007_executive.pdf
    January 01, 2007 - Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) affects fewer people than RA (approximately 1 million people in the United … PsA is associated with the skin disease psoriasis. … Like RA, PsA can be disabling. … Treatment of patients with RA and PsA aims to control pain and inflammation and, ultimately, to slow … Historically, few trials have been conducted on patients with PsA, with only minimal research conducted

31. PCA3 Testing in the Diagnosis and Management of Prostate Cancer: Future Research Needs (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/prostate-cancer-antigen-3-gene_research.pdf
    April 01, 2013 - PSA and beyond: the past, present, and future of investigative biomarkers for prostate cancer. … , PSA velocity) that have appeared in guidance documents … , PSA velocity, nomograms etc. … /PSA velocity) and time to progression. … The combination of urine DD3(PCA3) mRNA and PSA mRNA as molecular markers of prostate cancer.

32. Prostate Cancer Screening | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/health-topics/prostate-cancer-screening
    Another test is the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test. … Your PSA level may be high if you have prostate cancer.

33. Evidence-based Practice Center Review Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/prostate-cancer-surveillance_research-protocol.pdf
    May 19, 2011 - Currently, most prostate cancer in men in the United States is found by prostate-specific antigen (PSA … Active surveillance is a fairly involved followup of patients—by monitoring PSA levels and sometimes … PSA c. Diagnostic Strategies i. Biopsy frequency ii. Number of cores iii. … PSA (velocity, doubling time) vi. Imaging vii. Behavioral indicators b. … PSA v. Imaging vi.

34. NIH State-of-the-Science Conference: Role of Active Surveillance in the Management of Men With Localized Prostate Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/prostate-cancer-surveillance/research-protocol
    December 01, 2019 - Currently, most prostate cancer in men in the United States is found by prostate-specific antigen (PSA … Active surveillance is a fairly involved followup of patients—by monitoring PSA levels and sometimes … Comorbidity Race/ethnicity Tumor Characteristics Stage Tumor volume Gleason Score PSA … Common metrics Age Gleason Score Number of cores Percentage of cores PSA (velocity, doubling … node involvement (N0–X) or metastases (M0–X), regardless of age, histologic grade, Gleason Score, or PSA

35. Disposition of Comments for Comparative Effectiveness of Therapies for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: An Update of a 2008 Systematic Review (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/prostate-cancer-therapies-update_disposition-comments.pdf
    December 16, 2014 - No organization (including the AUA) currently recommends PSA testing. … PIVOT conducted in the US and primarily involved men with PSA detected tumors. … SPCG-4 conducted in absence of PSA testing, had much higher CaP mortality rates. … target higher PSA/higher risk disease as CER or vs. … Page – 12, Line 28 – what constitutes a “normal” PSA is, in itself.

36. An Evidence Review of Active Surveillance in Men with Localized Prostate Cancer (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/prostate-cancer-surveillance_disposition-comments.pdf
    December 01, 2011 - Clinical staging in prostate cancer (based on DRE, Gleason score and PSA) is limited. … The reviewer suspects PSA thresholds to recommend biopsies have been dropping over the “PSA era”. … Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics in untreated, localized prostate cancer: PSA velocity vs PSA … PSA kinetics were assessed during followup; this has been clarified in the paragraph. … PSA density (PSAD) is also included in some (e.g., Hopkins).

37. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 9 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-performance_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - PSA levels have been used to detect the presence of prostate cancer, and over the years, a number of … different PSA detection methods have been developed. … results) is that obesity can reduce serum PSA levels. … not have elevated PSA by a new detection 9-8 method are also likely to not have elevated PSA by … In contrast, if the newer PSA detection method was compared to a non-PSA based reference standard that

38. Chapter 9: Options for Summarizing Medical Test Performance in the Absence of a “Gold Standard” | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-performance/methods
    December 01, 2019 - A clinically relevant example is the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) to detect prostate cancer … different PSA detection methods have been developed. … results) is that obesity can reduce serum PSA levels. … not have elevated PSA by a new detection method are also likely to not have elevated PSA by the older … In contrast, if the newer PSA detection method was compared to a non-PSA based reference standard that

39. PowerPoint Presentation (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/medical-test-reviews-options-summarizing.ppt
    June 01, 2012 - The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is used to detect prostate cancer. … Numerous methods have been developed to test PSA levels. … Obesity can reduce serum PSA. … Studies have shown that PSA testing is prone to misclassification error. … Obesity is a factor known to reduce PSA levels, which will affect all PSA-detection methods regardless

40. PowerPoint Presentation (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/medical-test-reviews-options-summarizing.ppt
    June 01, 2012 - The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is used to detect prostate cancer. … Numerous methods have been developed to test PSA levels. … Obesity can reduce serum PSA. … Studies have shown that PSA testing is prone to misclassification error. … Obesity is a factor known to reduce PSA levels, which will affect all PSA-detection methods regardless