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241. Folic Acid Supplementation for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/7Y97fjKqmNzNorxTWUcyZK
     January 10, 2017 - bifida (incomplete closing of the spinal cord).1,2 Based on 2009- 2011 data, the estimated averageannual prevalence … Birth prevalence rates are highest among Hispanic women, followed by non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic … on 2009-2011 data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the estimated average annual prevalence … estimates.2 Although supplementation recommen- dations and food fortification laws have reduced the prevalence … Multivitamin/folic acid supplementation in early pregnancy reduces the prevalence of neural tube defects

242. Genetic Risk Assessment and BRCA Mutation Testing for Breast and Ovarian Cancer Susceptibility: Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ER_LzXdmdRcZ463r4UrGtz
     September 01, 2005 - No direct measures of the prevalence of clinically impor- tant BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations in the general … Prevalence estimates in a large study of individu- als from referral populations with various levels … The prevalence of a family history of cancer in general practice. Fam Pract. 1995;12:287-9. … Prevalence and penetrance of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in a popula- tion-based series of breast cancer … Prevalence and penetrance of germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in a pop- ulation series of 649 women

243. Archived: Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2) in Adults: Screening, 2003 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/diabetes-mellitus-type-2-in-adults-screening-2003
     February 04, 2003 - Among individuals aged 40‐74, the prevalence increased from 8.9 percent for the period 1976‐80, to 12 … . 3 percent for the period 1988‐94. 4 Current prevalence in the United States is likely even higher … due to the increasing prevalence of obesity. 5 Patients with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk … The absolute prevalence of established CVD at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes ranges from 8 to 23 percent … Prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance in U.S. adults: the

244. Final Research Plan: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-pregnant-nonpregnant-adults
     February 22, 2024 - studies conducted in the United States and other very high Human Development Index countries with low prevalence … studies conducted in the United States and other very high Human Development Index countries with low prevalence

245. Clinical Summary: Screening for HIV Infection (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/WJE2r5v4CHc9dMZ4GT7dnT
     Repeat screening is also reasonable for persons who live or receive medical care in a high-prevalence

246. Summary of USPSTF Final Recommendation: Interventions for High Body Mass Index in Children and Adolescents (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/AatJtxMVkZmYocHovSanQ4
     June 01, 2024 - The prevalence of high BMI increases with age and is higher among Hispanic/Latino, Native American/Alaska

247. Screening for Preeclampsia US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Y5p8ZXy2ydg_VZMUfxbJ-6
     April 25, 2017 - Differences in prevalence may be, in part, due to African American women being disproportionally affected … Differences in prevalence may be, in part, due to African American women being disproportionally affected … preeclampsia 3 times higher than rates among white women (73.5 vs 27.4 per 100 000 cases).4,10-12 Higher prevalence … Issues such as limited information on the diversity of index tests used, study eligibility criteria, prevalence … The black-white disparity in pregnancy-related mortality from 5 conditions: differences in prevalence

248. Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/9K4QQKvhXZNJLCxNX3FkZm
     May 01, 2008 - The current prevalence of gestational diabetes in the United States ranges from 1% to 9%, depending on … such as white ethnic origin, age younger than 25 years, and a body mass index of less than 25 kg/m2, prevalence … The prevalence in women with defined high-risk factors, such as age older than 25 years, obesity, or … Variations in screening practices and in the prevalence of other risk factors make it difficult to quantify … With the increasing prevalence of U.S. women at high risk for type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes

249. Screening for Syphilis Infection in Pregnant Women: USPSTF Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/kqRLYDR2eh3gLKbtTjZk__
     November 30, 2017 - high risk for syphilis infec- tion include those living in communities or geographic areas with higher prevalence … recommend repeat screening after exposure to an infected partner.6 Clinicians should be aware of the prevalence … However, clinicians should be aware of the prevalence of syphilis infection in their community, as rates … include those living in high-prevalence communities, those living with HIV, and those with a history … of chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay in screening for syphilis in pregnant women from low-prevalence

250. Recommendation: Anxiety in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/screening-anxiety-children-adolescents
     October 11, 2022 - ethnic backgrounds. 15 However, recent cohorts of Black children or adolescents have reported a higher prevalence … status, childhood adversity, family structure, and neighborhood effects, may influence patterns of prevalence … Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence.  … Prevalence and treatment of depression, anxiety, and conduct problems in US children.  … Prevalence and patterning of mental disorders through adolescence in 3 cohorts of Black and White Americans

251. Draft Recommendation: Perinatal Depression: Preventive Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/perinatal-depression-interventions-to-prevent
     April 22, 2025 - the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that among women with live births, the prevalence … The main reported outcomes were depression status (measured as prevalence, incidence, and/or diagnosis … participants attended one-half to three-quarters of sessions. 2 When the outcomes of incidence or prevalence

252. Recommendation: BRCA-Related Cancer: Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/brca-related-cancer-risk-assessment-genetic-counseling-and-genetic-testing
     August 20, 2019 - The estimated prevalence is 0.2% to 0.3% in the general population of women, 6.0% in women with cancer … was 13.6%, BRCA2 mutation prevalence was 7.9%, and prevalence of either mutation was 19.8%. 39 Scope … Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations in patients with early-onset breast cancer. … Prevalence of BRCA1 mutation carriers among U.S. non-Hispanic whites. … Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy in women with inherited risk of breast cancer--prevalence of pain and

253. USPSTF Clinician Summary of USPSTF Recommendation: Screening For Anxiety Disorders in Adults (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/4RNVtFNUtF85_ErBy9cqC9
     June 01, 2023 - According to 2001–2002 US data, the lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders in adults was 26.4% for

254. Archived: Carotid Artery Stenosis: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/carotid-artery-stenosis-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - With an estimated prevalence of 3 million stroke survivors, 3 this illness places enormous burdens on … The prevalence of hemodynamically significant carotid stenosis varies with age and other risk factors … TIAs or stroke), 45-48 but observed no benefit on stroke in a large trial in asymptomatic physicians (prevalence … These other grounds include the increased prevalence of significant carotid disease, and the possible

255. Evidence Summary: Intimate Partner Violence and Caregiver Abuse of Older or Vulnerable Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/intimate-partner-violence-and-abuse-of-elderly-and-vulnerable-adults-screening
     June 24, 2025 - Vulnerable adults experience a higher prevalence of abuse compared with adults without disabilities, … Prevalence of current or past-year IPV ranged from 10% to 29%. … This is similar to the prevalence rate reported by the KQ1 RCT that enrolled women from US primary care … Prevalence and correlates of emotional, physical, sexual, and financial abuse and potential neglect in … Male victims of partner violence: prevalence and accuracy of screening tools.

256. Archived: Evidence Summary: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-screening-2016
     April 05, 2016 - predictive value [PPV], negative predictive value [NPV]), we calculated the following outcomes: COPD prevalence … 2 shows the trade-offs with missed cases and false-positive tests in populations with varying COPD prevalence … 2 shows the trade-offs with missed cases and false-positive tests in populations with varying COPD prevalence … Arguments have been made that the high prevalence of undiagnosed COPD (10%-20%), 16 as well as clinical … Prevalence of airway obstruction assessed by Lung Function Questionnaire.

257. JAMA JATS (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/pKa4_DYwzuyD6RDgYzLMbo
     August 22, 2018 - The prevalence of current or recent IPV ranged from 11% to 29%, with a median of 24%. … This is similar to the prevalence reported by the KQ1 RCT enrolling women from US primary care settings … In a population of 100 000 women with 15% prevalence of IPV, use of the HARK tool (80% sensitivity and … Prevalence and correlates of emotional, physical, sexual, and financial abuse and potential neglect in … Male victims of partner violence: prevalence and accuracy of screening tools.

258. Evidence Summary: Bladder Cancer in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary14/bladder-cancer-in-adults-screening
     October 15, 2010 - The positive predictive value was 0.11 (17 of 156 [CI, 0.07 to 0.17]), with a bladder cancer prevalence … By comparison, the positive predictive value in patients with gross hematuria (bladder cancer prevalence … The positive predictive value was 8% in 3 studies in which the prevalence of bladder cancer ranged from … In lower-prevalence populations, more patients would be exposed to unnecessary potential for harm due … to higher false-positive rates of screening compared with higher-prevalence populations.

259. Archived: Evidence Summary: Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Screening, 2014 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary29/hepatitis-b-virus-infection-screening-nonpregnant-adolescents-adults-may-2014
     May 27, 2014 - In the United States, persons born in countries with a prevalence of HBV infection of 2% or greater account … Observational studies in countries with a high prevalence of infection indicate that implementation of … We included studies done in countries where the prevalence, characteristics, and natural history of HBV … The declining incidence and prevalence of HBV infection as a result of universal vaccination will probably … Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B among foreign-born persons living in the United States by country of

260. Screening for Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/e6_WqcwDGhgT6bQfmk3Hqj
     February 02, 2021 - The prevalence of asymp- tomatic carotid artery stenosis is low in the general population but increases … The prevalence of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis is low in the general population but increases … that DUS leads to many false-positive results when screening the general population, which has a low prevalence … Prevalence of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis in the general population: an individual participant