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121. Final Research Plan: High Body Mass Index in Children and Adolescents: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/obesity-in-children-and-adolescents-screening
     June 30, 2022 - What is the prevalence of BMI assessment in children and adolescents in primary care practice? … Does the prevalence of BMI assessment vary by age? … demonstrate effectiveness in traditionally stigmatized or underrepresented groups who have a higher prevalence

122. Archived: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening-february-2005
     February 15, 2005 - There is, however, a lower prevalence of large AAAs in men who have never smoked compared with men who … Rating: D Recommendation Rationale : Because of the low prevalence of large AAAs in women, the number … 5 Large AAAs are associated with approximately 9,000 deaths annually in the United States. 6 The prevalence … The prevalence of AAA in women was one-sixth of that in men. … Prevalence and associations of abdominal aortic aneurysm detected through screening.

123. Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm - Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/p8bwnFstpfy9KoDSJhT7m5
     February 01, 2005 - There is, however, a lower prevalence of large AAAs in men who have never smoked compared with men who … Because of the low prevalence of large AAAs in women, the number of AAA-related deaths that can be prevented … cm.5 Large AAAs are associated with approximately 9,000 deaths annually in the United States.6 The prevalence … The prevalence of AAA in women was one-sixth of that in men. … Prevalence and associations of abdominal aortic aneurysm detected through screening.

124. Archived: Folic Acid/Folate Prophylaxis to Prevent Neural Tube Defects: Preventive Medication, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/folic-acid-prevent-neural-tube-defects-preventive-medication-1996
     January 01, 1996 - cross-sectional data, the estimated lifetime cost of spina bifida is $258,000 per case. 2 The birth prevalence … be screened and whose screening tests reveal neural tube defects, thus leading to a decreased birth prevalence … of anencephaly and a 32-38% decline in the birth prevalence of spina bifida attributable to elective … Prevalence of neural tube defects in 20 regions of Europe and the impact of prenatal diagnosis, 1980- … Multivitamin/folic acid supplementation in early pregnancy reduces the prevalence of neural tube defects

125. Archived: Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnant Women and Young Children: Screening and Supplementation, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/iron-deficiency-anemia-pregnant-women-young-children-screening-supplementation-1996
     January 01, 1996 - asymptomatic persons, but recommendations against such screening may be made on the grounds of low prevalence … Prevalence and causes of anemia in the United States, 1976 to 1980. … Declining prevalence of anemia among low-income children in the United States. … Declining prevalence of anemia in childhood in a middle-class setting: a pediatric success story? … Hemoglobin as a predictor of response to iron therapy and its use in screening and prevalence estimates

126. Interventions to Support Breastfeeding: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/SJbAXUAQTv2GWemMuBab6W
     April 08, 2025 - MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Child and maternal health outcomes, prevalence, and duration of any and exclusive … The prevalence of breastfeeding was grouped into the following points: breastfeeding initiation (ie, … between participating in a breastfeeding support intervention and the prevalence of any and exclusive … (RR, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.05-1.22]; I2 = 73.4%; 37 studies [n = 13 579]) and 46% higher prevalence (RR, 1.46 … Detailed results for the prevalence of breastfeeding for all time points by study can be found in eTable

127. Prevention of Dental Caries in Preschool Children - Recommendations and Rationale (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/TuWmfBsDp6S9NXjTHNdGou
     April 01, 2004 - supplementation was reduced by the American Dental Association in 1994, which is likely to decrease the prevalence … years have experienced dental caries.4,5 Minority and economically disadvantaged children have a higher prevalence … Fluorosis Index) in the large majority of children.8 A national survey in the United States found that the prevalence … residents of nonfluoridated and fluoridated communities, respectively, had very mild fluorosis.9 The prevalence … The prevalence and severity of enamel fluorosis in North American children.

128. Archived: Final Research Plan: Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Screening, 2014 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan23/hepatitis-b-virus-infection-screening-nonpregnant-adolescents-adults-may-2014
     March 15, 2013 - strategies identify individuals with HBV infection (e.g., strategies that target persons from high prevalence … with men, or sexually transmitted disease populations; United States and countries with similar HBV prevalence

129. Archived: Final Research Plan: Syphilis Infection in Pregnant Women: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/syphilis-infection-in-pregnancy-screening-september-2018
     August 31, 2017 - Does screening for syphilis in pregnant women reduce the prevalence … comparator Outcomes KQ 1: Vertical transmission of syphilis (incidence of congenital syphilis); prevalence

130. Screening for Intimate Partner Violence, Elder Abuse, and Abuse of Vulnerable Adults: USPSTF Final Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/94EGaPfA7-rqrR_xhaA2Yc
     June 11, 2018 - Estimates also vary for prevalence of elder abuse and abuse of vulnerable adults. … A 2008 nationwide survey of US adults 60 years or older found that the prevalence of any abuse or neglect … Estimates of prevalence vary. … Prevalence of and risk factors for elder abuse and neglect in the community: a population-based study … Male victims of partner violence: prevalence and accuracy of screening tools.

131. Archived: Evidence Summary: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Screening, 2005 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-screening-2005
     July 05, 2005 - , 1% prevalence, and 5% to 15% prevalence [high risk]) (go to  Appendix Table  for base-case assumptions … they remained less than $50,000 per quality-adjusted life-year even when screened populations had HIV prevalences … HIV prevalence in the United States, 2000 [Abstract]. … , 0.3% Prevalence, 1% Prevalence, 5%-15% (High Risk) Persons screened, n 10,000 10,000 … estimates, cost-effectiveness remained less than $50,000 per quality-adjusted life-year in settings with prevalences

132. Archived: Evidence Summary: Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Screening, 2004 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/hepatitis-c-virus-infection-screening-2004
     March 08, 2004 - In 4 large population-based studies (prevalence 1.2 percent to 3.2 percent), the proportion of patients … The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1988 through 1994. … Prevalence of hepatitis C virus seropositivity among hospitalized US veterans. … Prevalence of hepatitis C in prisons: WASH-C surveillance linked to self-reported risk behaviours. … Prevalence of liver disease in a population of asymptomatic persons with hepatitis C virus infection.

133. Recommendation: Genital Herpes Infection: Serologic Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/genital-herpes-serologic-screening
     February 14, 2023 - The precise prevalence of asymptomatic HSV-2 infection in the US is difficult to determine because prevalence … accuracy estimates of HSV-2 serologic tests, which are largely derived from populations with higher prevalence … be false. 6 A previous USPSTF review estimated that in a population of 10,000 persons with an HSV-2 prevalence … in approximately 1585 true-positive and 1445 false-positive results. 1 At the current US estimated prevalence … Prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in persons aged 14-49: United States, 2015-2016.

134. Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/poDYcagnw7SqKNNbrFt_CV
     June 11, 2019 - In addition, risk behaviors should be interpreted in the context of the HIV prevalence in a community … HIV infection than the same behaviors in a low-prevalence setting. … The threshold of HIV prevalence below which PrEP has insignifi- cant net benefit is not known. … Estimated HIV Incidence and Prevalence in the United States, 2010–2016. … HIV incidence, prevalence, and undiagnosed infections in U.S. men who have sex with men.

135. Screening for HIV Infection: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/efwy72cuMdhcF2jotkhTzC
     March 29, 2019 - The estimated prevalence of HIV infection among persons 13 years and older in the United States is 0.4% … Repeat screening is also reasonable for persons who live or receive medical care in a high-prevalence … For example, the esti- mated overall prevalence of HIV infection in the United States is 0.4%, while … Estimated HIV Incidence and Prevalence in the United States, 2010–2016. … HIV incidence, prevalence, and undiagnosed infections in U.S. men who have sex with men.

136. Screening for Intimate Partner Violence and Caregiver Abuse of Older or Vulnerable Adults: US Preventive Services Task Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/_q6ZTL2Yg6f6rLp-Re9whD
     June 24, 2025 - Studies report that the prevalence of IPV varies by sexual orientation.1,15 According to the 2016/2017 … Potential Preventable Burden Caregiver Abuse of Older Adults | Prevalence estimates of abuse in older … Prevalence and correlates of emotional, physical, sexual, and financial abuse and potential neglect in … Prevalence of elder polyvictimization in the United States: data from the national elder mistreatment … Male victims of partner violence: prevalence and accuracy of screening tools.

137. Screening for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Wx_w92ukxeDvNShoRQXbhP
     September 06, 2016 - The precise prevalence rate of LTBI in the United States is difficult to de- termine; however, based … on 2011-2012 National Health and Nutri- tion Examination Survey data, estimated prevalence is 4.7% to … Esti- mates of LTBI prevalence range from 23.1% to 87.6% among prisoners and from 18.6% to 79.8% among … These estimates are based on prevalence data from the 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination … Tuberculosis infection in the United States: prevalence estimates from the National Health and Nutrition

138. Recommendation: Weight Loss to Prevent Obesity-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Adults: Behavioral Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/obesity-in-adults-interventions
     September 18, 2018 - of persons who are overweight or obese is 72.8% among men and 66.2% among women. 23 The prevalence … The age-adjusted prevalence of obesity is higher among non-Hispanic black (57.2%) and Hispanic (46.9% … When using an adjusted cut point of greater than 25, obesity prevalence is higher among US-born Asian … Prevalence of obesity among adults and youth: United States, 2011-2014. … Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011-2012.

139. Recommendation: Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/latent-tuberculosis-infection-screening
     May 02, 2023 - Populations at increased risk for LTBI, based on increased prevalence of active disease and increased … risk of exposure, include persons who were born in, or are former residents of, countries with high TB prevalence … The precise prevalence rate of LTBI in the US is difficult to determine; however, estimated prevalence … Assessment of Risk Populations at increased risk for LTBI based on increased prevalence of active disease … Tuberculosis infection in the United States: prevalence estimates from the National Health and Nutrition

140. Screening for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/KdQef_VDT2kmHDX4ddNWmR
     August 01, 2022 - The precise prevalence rate of LTBI in the US is difficult to determine; however, estimated prevalence … The precise preva- lence rate of LTBI in the US is difficult to determine; however, esti- mated prevalence … • Populations at increased risk for LTBI, based on increased prevalence of active disease and increased … as nursing homes and prisons, being medically underserved, and being born in a coun- try with high prevalence … Tuberculosis infection in the United States: prevalence estimates from the National Health and Nutrition