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41. Slide 1
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/study-design-considerations-chapter-2.pptx
    January 01, 2013 - Important Considerations The first step is to identify all cases with the outcome and assess the prevalence … PMID: 17636552. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17636552 Adjusts for calendar time trends in the prevalence … Design: Case-Time-Controlled Study This study design tries to adjust for calendar time trends in the prevalence … with the additional advantage of not being dependent on the assumption of no temporal changes in the prevalence … study proposals should clearly weigh the pros and cons of accounting for calendar time trends in the prevalence

42. Gout Dx protocol_140715-draft (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/gout_research-protocol-2014.pdf
    January 01, 2014 - Based on data from the 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), the prevalence … of gout to those of previous cycles of NHANES shows that the prevalence of gout appears to be increasing … The rise in the prevalence of gout has paralleled the increase in prevalence of conditions associated … Despite the prevalence of hyperuricemia, for reasons that remain unclear, only a small proportion of … positive, negative predictive value, positive/negative likelihood ratios (if prevalence known) o

43. Mental Health and Occupational Stress in the Emergency Medical Service and 911 Workforce: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ems-911-workforce-mental-health-protocol-amendment.pdf
    January 22, 2024 - Are the incidence, prevalence, and severity modified by: i. … For KQ 1 (incidence/prevalence/severity), for longitudinal studies, we will use items from the Joanna … Prevalence of PTSD and common mental disorders amongst ambulance personnel: a systematic review and … Chapter 5: Systematic reviews of prevalence and incidence. In: Aromataris E, Munn Z, eds. … Because KQ 1 is largely about epidemiology (incidence, prevalence, and severity), a sample size

44. Misuse of Prescription Stimulants in Adults (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/misuse-prescription-protocol-amendment.pdf
    November 26, 2024 - ’s efforts to protect the public health and inform regulatory decision making by understanding the prevalence … Controlled Clinical Trial  Retrospective cohort  Prospective cohort  Case control  Survey / prevalence … prescription stimulant misuse, we will use key items from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Checklist for Prevalence … Prevalence of ADHD symptom malingering, nonmedical use, and drug diversion among college-enrolled adults … Methodological guidance for systematic reviews of observational epidemiological studies reporting prevalence

45. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 9 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-performance_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - the probabilities in the cells, namely, the sensitivity and specificity of the index test and the prevalence … sensitivity and specificity of the index test (Seindex and Spindex, respectively) and the disease prevalence … Estimation of test error rates, disease prevalence and relative risk from misclassified data: a review … Estimating disease prevalence in the absence of a gold standard. … Incidence and prevalence of psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review.

46. PowerPoint Presentation (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/medical-test-reviews-applicability.ppt
    June 01, 2012 - Secular trends in population risk and disease prevalence Direct/indirect changes in secular trends (or … The underlying prevalence of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in pregnancy is increased. … Secular trends in population risk and disease prevalence Secular trends in population characteristics … Secular trends in population risk and disease prevalence Prevalence is tied to disease definitions that … A simple change in definition can have a great impact on disease prevalence.

47. PowerPoint Presentation (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/medical-test-reviews-applicability.ppt
    June 01, 2012 - Secular trends in population risk and disease prevalence Direct/indirect changes in secular trends (or … The underlying prevalence of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in pregnancy is increased. … Secular trends in population risk and disease prevalence Secular trends in population characteristics … Secular trends in population risk and disease prevalence Prevalence is tied to disease definitions that … A simple change in definition can have a great impact on disease prevalence.

48. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-metaanalysis_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - predictive values or likelihood ratios from the formulas in the Appendix, for a range of plausible prevalences … Predictive values are dependent on prevalence estimates. … Because prevalence is often wide ranging, and because many medical test studies have a case-control … In most cases it is not meaningful to synthesize prevalences (see text). … Diagnostic accuracy may vary with prevalence: Implications for evidence-based diagnosis.

49. AHRQ Slide Template 2009 (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/presentation.ppt
    August 01, 2009 - Example: Summary Table of Prevalence Findings Summary tables can be specialized for different types of … Example: Summary Table of Prevalence Findings In addition to providing an overview, summary tables can … For example, this case summary table was created for a key question about prevalence; therefore, it included … only studies with prevalence data. … In addition to presenting the prevalence data, columns were selected to reflect those characteristics

50. Evidence Report on the (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/hypothyroidism-hyperthyroidism-screening-treatment_research-protocol.pdf
    March 11, 2010 - and include Graves’ disease, thyroiditis, thyroid nodule(s), and levothyroxine over-treatment.1 Prevalence … and burden of disease/illness The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism ranges from 4 to 8.5% … In general the prevalence increases with age, and is higher among whites compared to blacks.2 The prevalence … It has a higher prevalence in women, blacks, older individuals and those with low iodine intake.2 Up … The Colorado Thyroid Disease Prevalence Study. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:526-34. 4.

51. Obesity-Child Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/obesity-child_executive.pdf
    March 31, 2010 - The more intensive of the two intervention arms showed a reduction in the prevalence of overweight … Only one study examined and reported a significant desirable intervention effect on the prevalence of … One other study found a significant difference in the prevalence of overweight (3.7%; p < 0.05) and … The intervention did not result in decreased prevalence of overweight or obesity. … We used BMI or related measures, such as BMI z-score, BMI percentile, and prevalence of overweight

52. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/weight-gain-prevention_research-protocol.pdf
    January 01, 2020 - of obesity among adults to less than 30 percent and increase the prevalence of a healthy weight to … The estimated age-adjusted prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2) was 68 percent in … Despite the doubling in the prevalence of obesity between 1976–1980 and 2007–2008 (13 to 34 percent) … , the prevalence of overweight has remained stable between the same time periods (32 to 34 percent). … The prevalence of obesity declines to 26 percent of both men and women aged 75 years and older.

53. Ch 2-User-Guide-To-Ocer 130129 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/ch_2-user-guide-to-ocer_130129.pdf
    January 01, 2011 - In a cross-sectional study, participants are sampled independent of exposure and outcome, and prevalence … Etiologic studies are based on incidence of the outcome of interest rather than prevalence, because … prevalence is a function of disease incidence and duration of disease. … Prevalence Proportion of persons with the exposure/ outcome at a specific point in time. … Because prevalence is a function of the incidence and the mean duration of the disease, incidence is

54. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/musculoskeletal-complaints-tests-children_research-protocol.pdf
    September 29, 2010 - Objectives for the Systematic Review Childhood musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is common, with estimated prevalences … in the general pediatric population ranging from 5 to 30 percent.1 Despite their prevalence, most … What is the incidence and prevalence of undiagnosed musculoskeletal (MSK) pain and/or joint swelling … Prevalence and 1-year persistence. Pain 1997;(73):29-35. 2. … Prevalence and significance of isotypes of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in juvenile

55. Disposition of Comments_Systematic Review: Mental Health and Occupational Stress in the Emergency Medical Services and 911 Workforce (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ems-911-workforce-mental-health-disposition-comments.pdf
    February 28, 2025 - Presents what I have consistently found in that statistics for the prevalence of DSM defined disorders … We have also clarified that the prevalence and severity of mental health and occupational stress issues … Though there can be some overlap in the prevalence of predisposing factors and mental health disorders … made this change because our objective was to summarize all the evidence regarding the incidence, prevalence … For reference, we have added information in the Discussion about some prevalence estimates for mental

56. Effective Health Care (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND_0094_04-09-2009.pdf
    January 01, 2009 - As the prevalence of ASDs has increased, the available treatment options have also increased. … Despite the increase in prevalence and treatment options, a very limited set of guidelines for the treatment

57. Breast Abnormalities Update Surveillance Assessment_CER 47_Low (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/breast-abnormalities-tests-update_surveillance.pdf
    September 01, 2012 - The prevalence of disease in the study population and whether or not readers were blinded to clinical … it is possible that the correlation between prevalence of disease and accuracy is an artifact caused … by the correlation between blinding and enrollment of a population with a higher prevalence of disease … The prevalence of disease in the study population and whether or not readers were blinded to clinical … it is possible that the correlation between prevalence of disease and accuracy is an artifact caused

58. Depression-Postpartum-Screening Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/depression-postpartum-screening_executive.pdf
    May 01, 2013 - The AHRQ evidence review found a best estimate for period prevalence (the proportion of the population … However, the prevalence of depressive symptoms not meeting diagnostic criteria for depression may be … Table F shows the impact of test sensitivity and specificity and the prevalence of depression on the … Perinatal Depression: Prevalence, Screening Accuracy, and Screening Outcomes. … Perinatal depression: prevalence, screening accuracy, and screening outcomes.

59. Evidence Report on the (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/kidney-disease-medicine_research-protocol.pdf
    November 01, 2010 - prevalence was estimated to be lower, at 11.5% (23.2 million), when applying the more accurate Chronic … NHANES data on CKD prevalence in U.S. adults aged 20 and older illustrates the importance of diabetes … Prevalence of CKD in U.S. adults age 20 and older as a function of age, diabetes, hypertension, and … Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States. JAMA. 2007;298(17):2038-47. 5. … Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in US adults with undiagnosed diabetes or prediabetes.

60. Effective Health Care (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND_0316_03-12-2009.pdf
    January 01, 2009 - What is the prevalence of white coat hypertension (WCH) as defined by SMBP? … What is the prevalence of WCH as defined by ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) measurement?