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341. Disposition of Comments for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Screening, Management, and Treatment (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/hypertension-pulmonary-arterial_disposition-comments.pdf
     April 25, 2013 - Because the prevalence of the disease in the general population is so low, screening of an asymptomatic … First, what was the prevalence of disease is the prospective study population, and do they match the … other pertinent question would in which high risk patient is screening effective (i.e. preclinical prevalence … the different etiologies of Category I PAH, although this will likely be difficult given the low prevalence … Page 119 KQ 1: Screening for PAH I agree with the first part of the statement “In low prevalence populations

342. CER 218 Evidence Summary: Long-Term Drug Therapy and Drug Holidays for Osteoporosis Fracture Prevention: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-218-osteoporosis-fracture-prevention-evidence-summary.pdf
     April 01, 2019 - The recent prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass in the United States based on bone mineral … An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and disability associated with osteoporotic fractures.

343. Disposition of Comments for Screening for Glaucoma: Comparative Effectiveness (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/glaucoma-screening_disposition-comments.pdf
     April 01, 2012 - is unclear why studies of risk factors, which usually are derived from population-based studies of prevalence … In these populations, where glaucoma prevalence is 4% to 6%, positive predictive value of glaucoma screening … Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), which is an extremely expensive study design for a disease of low prevalence … on prior systematic reviews and does not include reviews of the primary data or population-based prevalence … Glaucoma has increased prevalence in the aged, and thus its impact on this group of the elderly should

344. Long-Term Drug Therapy and Drug Holidays for Osteoporotic Fracture Prevention (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/research-protocol-osteoporosis_2.pdf
     October 05, 2018 - Dawson-Hughes, The recent prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass in the United States based on

345. Comparative Effectiveness Review Disposition of Comments Report: Anxiety in Children (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/disposition-of-comments-cer-192-anxiety-in-children.pdf
     August 31, 2017 - I recommend revising the statement of prevalence rates for anxiety disorders in youth. … symptoms and improve functioning but may result in adverse events…” 2.p. 1, line 10: use of lifetime prevalence … Consider rephrasing the first prevalence estimate for ages 13-18 since that timeframe is not truly

346. Untitled (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/antipsychotics-children-update_research-protocol.pdf
     December 04, 2015 - disorders (DSM-V does not classify OCD or posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] as anxiety disorders).3 Prevalence … are more common; despite this, generalized anxiety disorder occurs in children and has a 12-month prevalence … A three-country comparison of psychotropic medication prevalence in youth. … Prevalence of disorders of the autism spectrum in a population cohort of children in South Thames: the … Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Coborbidity Survey

347. Ptsd-Adult-Treatment Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ptsd-adult-treatment_executive.pdf
     April 01, 2013 - unremitting course.4 The 2000 National Comorbidity Survey—Replication (NCS-R) estimated lifetime prevalence … of PTSD among adults in the United States to be 6.8 percent and current (12-month) prevalence to be … .5 Estimates from the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Survey (NVVRS) found a lifetime PTSD prevalence … estimate of 18.7 percent and a current PTSD prevalence estimate of 9.1 percent among Vietnam veterans

348. Obesity (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/obesity_hi_impact.pdf
     April 17, 2012 - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the U.S … ES-3 AHRQ Healthcare Horizon Scanning System AHRQ Priority Area 10 – Obesity prevalence … for treatment of obesity Intervention Antiobesity drugs for treatment of obesity The increasing prevalence … eligible for bariatric surgery or reducing the risks associated with diabetes, citing the increasing prevalence

349. hemangioma-protocol-141223 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/infantile-hemangioma_research-protocol.pdf
     December 23, 2014 - Due to historical inconsistencies in naming conventions, it is difficult to understand the true prevalence … IHs, but it has been estimated that they affect about four to five percent of children,1 with higher prevalence … for in the model by adjusting for factors such as age distribution, demographic attributes, and the prevalence … [Prevalence and characteristics of haemangiomas in young children].

350. Disposition of Comments_Systematic Review: The Relationship of Digestible Carbohydrate Intake With Cardiovascular Disease, Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, and Body Composition (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/effect-dietary-digestible-disposition-comments_0.pdf
     March 03, 2025 - focused on weight loss, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes treatment/management due to the widespread prevalence

351. C-Diff-Infections-Surveillance-140925 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/c-diff-infections-surveillance-140925.pdf
     January 01, 2014 - Per the authors, the test accuracy depended on the prevalence of C. difficile but not on the reference … At C. difficile prevalence of <10%, 10-20%, and >20% the positive predictive value and the negative … Overall, diagnostic accuracy is variable and depends on CDI prevalence. … The estimated prevalence of C. difficile infection (CDI) in the study sites among children tested was … Walkty et 2013 Evaluation of an 428 stool specimens Comparing N/A sensitivity, In this study, the prevalence

352. Horizon Scanning Protocol and Operations Manual September 2015 Revision (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ahrq-healthcare-horizon-scan-protocol-operations-manual-151001.pdf
     September 01, 2015 - Understanding potential costs also requires understanding the disease or condition prevalence (the number … For some diseases and conditions, reliable prevalence information has not been collected or published … While these projections are typically optimistic, in the absence of information on prevalence and adoption … We compared prevalence data we found with market share projections to ascertain gaps or discrepancies … The analysts constructed cost models using this data alongside prevalence, uptake, efficacy, and pricing

353. Horizon Scanning Protocol and Operations Manual September 2015 Revision (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/ahrq-healthcare-horizon-scan-protocol-operations-manual-151001.pdf
     September 01, 2015 - Understanding potential costs also requires understanding the disease or condition prevalence (the number … For some diseases and conditions, reliable prevalence information has not been collected or published … While these projections are typically optimistic, in the absence of information on prevalence and adoption … We compared prevalence data we found with market share projections to ascertain gaps or discrepancies … The analysts constructed cost models using this data alongside prevalence, uptake, efficacy, and pricing

354. Effectiveness of Noninvasive Diagnostic Tests for Breast Abnormalities Appendices (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/breast-abnormalities-tests_appendixes.pdf
     May 23, 2005 - However, predictive values depend on the prevalence of disease in the population. … If a clinician tests a patient from a population with a disease prevalence of 70%, and the test comes … Evidence Tables (continued) population with a disease prevalence of 20%, the clinician cannot apply … Likelihood ratios are independent of prevalence and can be directly applied in the clinic to update … Negative Predictive Values Adjusted to 20% Prevalence PET all lesions SC nonpalpable lesions

355. Disposition of Comments for CER 158 Diagnosis of Gout (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/gout-diagnosis-disposition-160727.pdf
     February 24, 2016 - 2016 TEP 5 Introduction (PDF Page 36) What do you mean by prevalence … According to the NHANES, prevalence is measured by asking participants if they have ever been told … performance needs to be accompanied by the caveat that these indices are also strongly affected by disease prevalence … In reality, the PPV and NPV are more difficult to understand without knowing the prevalence of gout … Understanding the prevalence of CPP-related arthritis in each study and how the specific test fared

356. Disposition of Comments for Psychological Treatments and Pharmacological Treatments for Adults With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ptsd-adult-treatment_disposition-comments.pdf
     April 03, 2013 - Lifetime prevalence for those at a fixed age is actually the incidence by that age among those who survive … It would be a boon to psychiatry if lifetime prevalences were removed from consideration, as it has … We agree that lifetime prevalence can be misleading, but we don’t agree that this information should … It just needs to be reported along with current prevalence. … This is why we also report current (12-month) prevalence in the same sentence with lifetime prevalence

357. celiac-disease-protocol-140612 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/celiac-disease_research-protocol.pdf
     June 12, 2014 - individuals by ingestion of foods containing gluten, a family of proteins found in particular grains.1 The prevalence … The prevalence of celiac disease in the United States. … OR economic* OR income OR (iga AND deficien*) OR negative OR country[tiab] OR countries[tiab] OR (prevalence

358. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/hepatitis-c-treatment-adherence_research-protocol.pdf
     September 13, 2011 - the direct medical costs of HCV-related diseases will top $10 billion over the next 10 years.2 The prevalence … non-Hispanic blacks when compared to all other ethnic groups and is highest in the 40–49 age group.3 The prevalence … The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1999 through 2002.

359. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-bias_methods.pdf
     July 01, 2012 - Context bias Prevalence of the target condition varies according to setting and may affect estimates … Interpreters may consider test results to be positive more frequently in settings with higher disease prevalence

360. Disposition of Comments for Technical Brief 24 Resident Safety Practices (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/nursing-home-safety_disposition-comments.pdf
     May 27, 2016 - Peer reviewer #1 Background [Background Table 3, pg. 5] 29: Need to distinguish incidence/prevalence … was noted that specific MRSA-focused infection prevention and control activities did not reduce the prevalence … Healthcare Epidemiology of America) Findings Similarly several studies have demonstrated that the prevalence … that was conducted in three Veterans Affairs VA longterm care facilities in 20062007 found that the prevalence … Resident-to-resident elder mistreatment: Findings from a large-scale prevalence study. Symposium.