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41. Diagnosis and Management of Febrile Infants (0–3 Months) | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/febrile-infants-diagnosis-management/research
    December 01, 2019 - infants 3 months or younger; ascertain harms and benefits of various management strategies; compare prevalence … There was a higher prevalence of SBI in infants without viral infection or clinical bronchiolitis compared … The prevalence of SBI tended to be higher in the emergency departments versus primary care setting offices

42. Data Points Publication Series | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/data-points-series/series-overview
    October 01, 2019 - Certain reports will present new statistics on topics such as disease incidence, prevalence, and burden … Published Reports Data Points #1: Prevalence of diabetes, diabetic foot ulcer, and lower extremity … Data Points #5: Prevalence and Medicare reimbursement by recurrent international classification of diseases

43. Topic 0451 Celiac Disease NSD FINAL (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND-533_05-24-2013.pdf
    January 01, 2013 - Objective 2 - Prevalence and incidence of CD (Celiac 2) a. … What is the prevalence and incidence of symptomatic and “clinically silent” CD in: i. … How does prevalence and incidence in the general population vary in different geographic and racial/

44. Future Research Needs for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Effectiveness of Treatment in At-Risk Preschoolers, Long-Term Effectiveness in All Ages, and Variability in Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Treatment (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/adhd-future_research.pdf
    May 01, 2012 - Effectiveness of Treatment in At-Risk Preschoolers, Long-Term Effectiveness in All Ages, and Variability in Prevalence … • KQ 3: How do (a) underlying prevalence of ADHD, and (b) rates of diagnosis (clinical identification … KQ 2, 3 The extant literature lacks evidence-based measures for assessing prevalence and treatment … Psychotherapeutic medication prevalence in Medicaid-insured preschoolers. … Prevalence and correlates of adult attention- deficit hyperactivity disorder: meta-analysis.

45. Data-Points 2 Diabetic-Foot-Ulcers Data 02-2011 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/data-points_2_diabetic-foot-ulcers_data_02-2011.pdf
    January 01, 2011 - Breakdown Category Year Prevalence of Osteomyelitis Rate of Osteomyelitis Among Enrolled Diabetic … 2007 10.9% 0.2% Race Unknown 2007 11.7% 0.2% White 2007 12.4% 0.2% Breakdown Category Year Prevalence … Breakdown Category Year Prevalence of Microvascular Complications Prevalence of Macrovascular Complications … 70.5% 40.4% American Indian/Alaska Native 2008 6.0% 62.7% 30.3% 5.7% 59.5% 32.1% Annual Prevalence … Breakdown Category Year Prevalence of Microvascular Complications Prevalence of Macrovascular Complications

46. Traumatic Brain Injury and Depression (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/depression-brain-injury-surveillance-160902.pdf
    January 30, 2014 - "" " 4" For"Key"Question"1,"examining"the"prevalence"of"depression"in"individuals"with"TBI, … ,"prevalence"by"subpopulations" (1),"and"imaging"(7)." … " " In"order"to"answer"KQ2,"studies"had"to"provide"data"that"allowed"prevalence"to"be"assessed"in … Prevalence"and"predictors"of"personality"change"after"severe" brain"injury." … o" Identified"studies"examined"prevalence"(two"studies),"gender"prevalence,"and" imaging."

47. Decision-Analytic Modeling to Evaluate Benefits and Harms of Medical Tests – Uses and Limitations | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/benefits-harms-modeling/research
    November 01, 2017 - Insufficient or Unreliable Data on Prevalence Prevalence affects greatly the positive and negative … For example, in very low risk populations (very low disease prevalence), even very specific tests can … Valid prevalence estimates are often hard to obtain, especially when one is interested in a particular … , 44 and decision analysts typically transfer them across settings with different disease prevalence … Diagnostic test accuracy may vary with prevalence: implications for evidence-based diagnosis.

48. Effective Health Care (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND_0262_05-11-2007.pdf
    January 01, 2007 - )  Urinary incontinence is a highly prevalent condition, and the prevalence increases with … What are the prevalence and incidence of urinary and fecal incontinence in the community and long-term

49. Effective Health Care (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND_0496_12-30-2011.pdf
    January 01, 2011 - important risk factor for CIN, chronic kidney disease, is rising, driven in part by the increasing prevalence … Based on this increasing prevalence, a lack of up-to-date comprehensive guidelines and systematic reviews

50. S116 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s116.pdf
    October 01, 2007 - The reported prevalence difference (PD) is the prev- alence of the risk factor among patients started … on an atypical APM minus the prevalence of the risk factor among patients started on a conventional … The prevalence statistics are adjusted for calendar year. … The reported PD for the IV is the prevalence of the risk factor among patients of physicians who have … †Prevalence of risk factor among atypical users minus prevalence of risk factor among conventional users

51. Misuse of Prescription Stimulants in Adults | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/misuse-prescription
    February 01, 2025 - FDA's efforts to protect the public health and inform regulatory decision making by understanding the prevalence … Trial (RCT) Controlled Clinical Trial Retrospective cohort Prospective cohort Case control Survey / prevalence … prescription stimulant misuse, we will use key items from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Checklist for Prevalence … Prevalence of ADHD symptom malingering, nonmedical use, and drug diversion among college-enrolled adults … Methodological guidance for systematic reviews of observational epidemiological studies reporting prevalence

52. Diagnosis of Gout | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/gout/research-protocol-2014
    March 01, 2020 - Based on data from the 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), the prevalence … of gout to those of previous cycles of NHANES shows that the prevalence of gout appears to be increasing … The rise in the prevalence of gout has paralleled the increase in prevalence of conditions associated … Despite the prevalence of hyperuricemia, for reasons that remain unclear, only a small proportion of … Prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in the US general population: the National Health and Nutrition

53. Effectiveness of Screening and Treatment of Subclinical Hypothyroidism or Hyperthyroidism | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/hypothyroidism-hyperthyroidism-screening-treatment/research-protocol
    December 01, 2019 - and include Graves’ disease, thyroiditis, thyroid nodule(s), and levothyroxine over-treatment. 1 Prevalence … and burden of disease/illness The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism ranges from 4 to 8.5% 2,3 … In general the prevalence increases with age, and is higher among whites compared to blacks. 2 The prevalence … It has a higher prevalence in women, blacks, older individuals and those with low iodine intake. 2 Up … The Colorado Thyroid Disease Prevalence Study. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:526-34.

54. Diagnosis and Comparative Effectiveness of Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Adult Women | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/urinary-incontinence-treatment/research-protocol
    December 01, 2020 - Prevalence of urinary incontinence among Spanish older people living at home. … Prevalence of urinary incontinence and its relationship with health status. … Prevalence and detection of urinary incontinence among older Medicaid recipients. … Storage symptoms of the bladder: prevalence, incidence and need for services in the UK. … Prevalence and physician awareness of symptoms of urinary bladder dysfunction.

55. Mental Health and Occupational Stress in the Emergency Medical Service and 911 Workforce: A Systematic Review | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/ems-911-workforce-mental-health/protocol
    January 01, 2024 - KQ1= What are the incidence, prevalence, and severity of mental health issues (depression, anxiety, PTSD … For KQ 1 (incidence/prevalence/severity), for longitudinal studies, we will use items from the Joanna … Chapter 5: Systematic reviews of prevalence and incidence. In: Aromataris E, Munn Z, eds. … Assessing risk of bias in prevalence studies: modification of an existing tool and evidence of interrater … Because KQ 1 is largely about epidemiology (incidence, prevalence, and severity), a sample size restriction

56. Comparative Effectiveness of Approaches to Weight Maintenance in Adults | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/weight-gain-prevention/research-protocol
    December 01, 2019 - of obesity among adults to less than 30 percent and increase the prevalence of a healthy weight to 34 … Despite the doubling in the prevalence of obesity between 1976–1980 and 2007–2008 (13 to 34 percent), … the prevalence of overweight has remained stable between the same time periods (32 to 34 percent). … The prevalence of obesity declines to 26 percent of both men and women aged 75 years and older. … The prevalence of obesity is greater among non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans than non-Hispanic

57. Chapter 9: Options for Summarizing Medical Test Performance in the Absence of a “Gold Standard” | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-performance/methods
    December 01, 2019 - will be differentially applied across studies, and this is a potential explanation for the varying prevalence … Prevalence of prostate cancer among men with a prostate-specific antigen level < or =4.0 ng per milliliter … Estimation of test error rates, disease prevalence and relative risk from misclassified data: a review … Estimating disease prevalence in the absence of a gold standard. Stat Med 2002; 21(18):2653-69. … Incidence and prevalence of psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review.

58. Meta-analysis of Test Performance Evidence When There is a “Gold Standard” Reference Standard (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/medical-test-reviews-meta-analysis.ppt
    June 01, 2012 - This can be done for a range of prevalence values. … Sensitivity and specificity are often considered independent of prevalence. … Predictive values are dependent on prevalence. … Prevalence is often wide ranging. … It is better to back calculate these values over a range of plausible prevalence values.

59. Meta-analysis of Test Performance Evidence When There is a “Gold Standard” Reference Standard (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/medical-test-reviews-meta-analysis.ppt
    June 01, 2012 - This can be done for a range of prevalence values. … Sensitivity and specificity are often considered independent of prevalence. … Predictive values are dependent on prevalence. … Prevalence is often wide ranging. … It is better to back calculate these values over a range of plausible prevalence values.

60. Layout 1 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/breast-abnormalities-tests_executive.pdf
    February 01, 2006 - 72.4% 66.4% general Negative likelihood ratio 0.33 NC 0.16 0.21 Negative predictive value at 20% prevalence … Specificity NC 84.8% NC NC Negative likelihood ratio NC 0.41 NC NC Negative predictive value at 20% prevalence … Specificity NC NC NC NC Negative likelihood ratio NC NC NC NC Negative predictive value at 20% prevalence … A limitation of the available studies is the extremely high prevalence of breast cancer in the patients