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21. Research on Optimal Second-Line Therapy for Hypertension | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/hypertension-therapy/abstract
    December 01, 2019 - The prevalence of hypertension increases with age, consequently it is particularly common in the Medicare … Besides its high prevalence, hypertension generally requires drug treatment – and control to desired … levels often requires more than one drug – so that the population impact of prevalence, compounded by

22. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/adhd_research-protocol.pdf
    August 10, 2010 - A recent meta-analysis estimates prevalence for childhood ADHD world-wide to be 5.29% ( 95% CI 5.01 … Fewer attempts have been made to estimate prevalence among adults. … Psychotherapeutic medication prevalence in Medicaid-insured preschoolers. … The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis. … Prevalence and correlates of adult attention- deficit hyperactivity disorder: meta-analysis.

23. Appendix: Test Performance Metrics | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/test-performance-metrics/appendixes
    December 01, 2019 - ratio: (“TP” * “TN”) / (“FP” * “FN”) Positive predictive value: “TP”/(“TP” + “FP”) = (Sensitivity * Prevalence … )/(Sensitivity * Prevalence + (1-Prevalence)*(1-Specificity)) Negative predictive value: “TN”/ … (“TN” + “FN”) = (Specificity * (1-Prevalence))/( Specificity *(1- Prevalence) + Prevalence*(1-Sensitivity … Positive and negative predictive values depend upon disease prevalence, which is unlikely to be consistent … Therefore, they are often calculated for a range of plausible prevalence values and tabulated or plotted

24. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Effectiveness of Treatment in At-Risk Preschoolers; Long-Term Effectiveness in All Ages; and Variability in Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Treatment | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/adhd
    March 01, 2021 - Effectiveness of Treatment in At-Risk Preschoolers; Long-Term Effectiveness in All Ages; and Variability in Prevalence … Effectiveness of Treatment in At-Risk Preschoolers; Long-Term Effectiveness in All Ages; and Variability in Prevalence

25. Hypertension-Drugs-Utilization Research (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/hypertension-drugs-utilization_research.pdf
    January 25, 2011 - FINDINGS Prevalence of Hypertension Among continuously enrolled Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries … , the 2009 annual prevalence of hypertension was 60.1 percent (see Data Source and Def- initions and … White corresponds to areas that lack a hospital referral region (HRR) Figure 1: Yearly prevalence … Prevalence of hypertension and controlled hypertension - United States, 2005-2008. … Recent trends in the prevalence of high blood pressure and its treatment and control, 1998-2008.

26. Febrile-Infants-Diagnosis-Management Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/febrile-infants-diagnosis-management_executive.pdf
    March 01, 2012 - and compared using odds ratios or prevalence ratios. … Only four studies reported the prevalence of HSV (total of seven cases). … This section included 70 studies reporting the prevalence of SBI (and/or HSV). … This study did not report the crude prevalence of SBI based on the total sample. … Neonates (0–28 days of life) have a higher prevalence of SBI compared with older children.

27. Treatment of Dementia Among Community-Dwelling and Institutionalized Medicare Beneficiaries (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/dementia-databases-methods_research.pdf
    May 01, 2008 - Design: Cross-sectional prevalence study. … rate=5.1%) and 41.1% resided in LTC facilities (prevalence rate=57.2%). … Keywords: Dementia, Medications, Community, Long-term care, Prevalence. … Results Prevalence of Dementia Table 1 provides data on prevalence of ADRD among Medicare beneficiaries … The effect of different diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of dementia.

28. Noncyclic Chronic Pelvic Pain Therapies for Women: Comparative Effectiveness | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/pelvic-pain/research
    March 01, 2020 - We focused on the prevalence of conditions thought to occur commonly with CPP; changes in pain, functional … with CPP; cross-sectional studies or case series with fewer than 100 women with CPP addressing the prevalence … quality); 3 were cohort studies (3 poor quality); and 15 were cross-sectional studies addressing the prevalence … Similarly, understanding comorbidity prevalence with CPP is difficult, as conditions may be considered

29. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Executive Summary (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/adhd_executive.pdf
    October 01, 2011 - Variability in Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Treatment One worldwide pooled prevalence estimate of ADHD … examining prevalence among preschoolers, adolescents, or adults. … to estimate ADHD prevalence in 2003. … Psychotherapeutic medication prevalence in Medicaid­insured preschoolers. … A three­country comparison of psychotropic medication prevalence in youth.

30. Layout 1 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/pelvic-pain_executive.pdf
    January 01, 2012 - KQ1: Prevalence of Comorbidities We identified 23 unique studies addressing the prevalence of comorbidities … Among studies reporting data on the prevalence of comorbidities, the range of prevalence estimates tended … Prevalence of pelvic musculoskeletal disorders in a female chronic pelvic pain clinic. … Chronic pelvic pain: prevalence, health-related quality of life, and economic correlates. … Prevalence and characteristics of irritable bowel syndrome among women with chronic pelvic pain.

31. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Effectiveness of Treatment in At-Risk Preschoolers; Long-Term Effectiveness in All Ages; and Variability in Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Treatment (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/adhd_disposition-comments.pdf
    October 01, 2011 - What is the “prevalence question”? What is” systematic review methodology”? … It surely must be taken cautiously as a measure of true prevalence. … data with stimulant prevalence of use in this section. … As above Peer Reviewer #7 Results p 127 L-9 Does prevalence refer to treated (dx’d) prevalence? … Also, prevalence of medication use should be separate from treated diagnostic prevalence.

32. Emergency Medical Service/911 Workforce Infection Control and Prevention Issues | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/ems-911-workforce-infection-control/protocol
    December 01, 2022 - How do the incidence, prevalence, and severity of exposures vary by demographic characteristics (e.g … How do the incidence, prevalence, and severity of exposures vary by workforce characteristics (e.g. … (Outcomes of interest include but are not limited to, incidence, prevalence, duration, severity, missed … (Outcomes of interest include but are not limited to, incidence, prevalence, duration, severity, missed … Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in ambulances in southern Maine.

33. Population: Children < 18 years of age: 1. What are the incidences and prevalences of non-inflammatory pain syndromes (e.g., benign hypermobility syndrome, patellofemoral stress syndrome, fibromyalgia, and growing pain) in children and… | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/get-involved/nominated-topics/population-children-18-years-of-age-1-what-are-the-incidences-and-prevalences-of-non-inflammatory-pain-syndromes-eg-benign-hypermobility-syndrome-patellofemoral-stress-syndrome-fibromyalgia-and-growing-pain-in-children-and-a
    November 01, 2017 - What are the incidences and prevalences of non-inflammatory pain syndromes (e.g., benign hypermobility … What are the incidences and prevalences of non-inflammatory pain syndromes (e.g., benign hypermobility … Population: Children < 18 years of age: What are the incidences and prevalences of non-inflammatory … What are the incidences and prevalences of non-inflammatory pain syndromes (e.g., benign hypermobility … effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/get-involved/nominated-topics/population-children-18-years-of-age-1-what-are-the-incidences-and-prevalences-of-non-inflammatory-pain-syndromes-eg-benign-hypermobility-syndrome-patellofemoral-stress-syndrome-fibromyalgia-and-growing-pain-in-children-and-a

34. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/health-topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder
    January 08, 2025 - Effectiveness of Treatment in At-Risk Preschoolers; Long-Term Effectiveness in All Ages; and Variability in Prevalence … Effectiveness of Treatment in At-Risk Preschoolers; Long-Term Effectiveness in All Ages; and Variability in Prevalence … Effectiveness of Treatment in At-risk Preschoolers; Long-term Effectiveness in All Ages; and Variability in Prevalence

35. Traumatic Brain Injury and Depression (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/depression-brain-injury_executive.pdf
    April 01, 2011 - In order to characterize estimates of prevalence, and prevalence across time, we calculated weighted … Higher prevalence is reported in many study populations. … Prevalence of depression is high at multiple time points after TBI. … Prevalence of Concomitant Psychiatric Conditions Content of literature. … Aggression after traumatic brain injury: prevalence and correlates.

36. Diabetes-Drugs-Utilization Research (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/diabetes-drugs-utilization_research.pdf
    March 01, 2011 - Yearly prevalence (%) of antidiabetic drug class utilization among diabetic Medicare beneficiaries … ADDITIONAL FINDINGS AVAILABLE ONLINE The following additional tables and maps are available online: Prevalence … Among Medicare Parts A, B, and D FFS Population With Diabetes, by Age, Gender, and Race, 2006-2009 Prevalence … FFS Population With Diabetes and At Least One Insulin Claim, by Age, Gender, and Race, 2006-2009 Prevalence … B, and D FFS Population With Diabetes and No Insulin Claim, by Age, Gender, and Race, 2006-2009 Prevalence

37. Emergency Medical Service/911 Workforce Infection Control and Prevention Issues (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/ems-911-workforce-protocol.pdf
    January 01, 2015 - What are the characteristics, incidence, prevalence, and severity of occupationally-acquired exposures … How do the incidence, prevalence, and severity of exposures vary by demographic characteristics (e.g … How do the incidence, prevalence, and severity of exposures vary by workforce characteristics (e.g., … (Outcomes of interest include but are not limited to, incidence, prevalence, duration, severity, missed … Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in ambulances in southern Maine.

38. Modeling to evaluate benefits and harms of new diagnostic tests compared to established diagnostic tests – uses and limitations (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/benefits-harms-modeling_research.pdf
    November 19, 2009 - Insufficient or Unreliable Data on Prevalence Prevalence affects greatly the positive and negative predictive … For example, in very low risk populations (very low disease prevalence), even very specific tests can … Valid prevalence estimates are often hard to obtain, especially when one is interested in a particular … ,44 and decision analysts typically transfer them across settings with different disease prevalence. … Diagnostic test accuracy may vary with prevalence: implications for evidence- based diagnosis.

39. Dispostion of Comments Report for Screening for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adults (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/hepatitis-c-screening_disposition-comments.pdf
    November 27, 2012 - The Introduction provides a broad range of HCV prevalences in injection drug users and we did not … “Studies of injection drug users report prevalences ranging from 33 to 81 percent.” … The upper bound of the prevalences is higher. … in injection drug users; it may be preferable to report the prevalences in the two groups separately … Prevalences range from <50% in more recent studies of younger injection drug users to over 90% in

40. Antinuclear Antibody, Rheumatoid Factor, and Cyclic-Citrullinated Peptide Testing for the Evaluation of Musculoskeletal Complaints in Pediatric Populations | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/musculoskeletal-complaints-tests-children/research-protocol
    December 01, 2019 - Objectives for the Systematic Review Childhood musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is common, with estimated prevalences … in the general pediatric population ranging from 5 to 30 percent. 1 Despite their prevalence, most … KQ.1: What is the incidence and prevalence of undiagnosed musculoskeletal (MSK) pain and/or joint … Prevalence and 1-year persistence. Pain 1997;(73):29-35. … or/160-162 or/130-131,135,137-143,147-152,163 incidence/ prevalence/ exp disease progression/