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81. Archived: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening-1996
    January 01, 1996 - hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, and presence of peripheral arterial aneurysms. 3 , 6-8 In populations … are either not sensitive enough or are too expensive to be practical for screening in asymptomatic populations … Lederle reported a sensitivity of 50% and a positive predictive value of 35% in a high-risk population … and mortality in older patients may diminish the benefit of detecting asymptomatic aneurysms in older populations … and mortality in older patients may diminish the benefit of detecting asymptomatic aneurysms in older populations

82. Draft Research Plan: Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/cognitive-impairment-older-adults
    March 06, 2025 - For all Key Questions, we will describe the population and intervention characteristics of the … included studies to assess the degree to which the evidence is representative of the U.S. population … , we will characterize the extent to which interventions are tailored to meet the needs of specific populations … We will also analyze the benefits and harms of interventions by populations to the extent that this is … 4, 5: Mild cognitive impairment or mild to moderate dementia KQs 4, 5: Severe dementia Populations

83. Final Research Plan: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-screening
    October 08, 2020 - What are the adverse effects of COPD treatments in this population? … Include Exclude Populations KQ 1: Adults age 40 years and older, asymptomatic adults, adults … regarding clarification of the scope of the reaffirmation review, particularly regarding the included populations … In addition, the USPSTF added text to specify that the included population for the KQs related to treatment … are persons with mild to moderate COPD, populations with a mean FEV1 of 60% or greater, or both.

84. Screening for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/KdQef_VDT2kmHDX4ddNWmR
    August 01, 2022 - POPULATION Asymptomatic adults 18 years or older at increased risk for tuberculosis. … Population Recommendation Grade USPSTF indicates US Preventive Services Task Force. … uses to determine the net benefit, see the USPSTF Procedure Manual.11 Practice Considerations Patient Population … Screen for LTBI in populations at increased risk. … vs 2.9 cases per 100 000 population, respectively, during 2011 to 2016).23 Other populations at increased

85. Evidence Gaps Research Taxonomy Table: Primary Care Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Support Breastfeeding (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/5newnV_sfH4xnGCbpoh4Ma
    or Contextual Questions Direct/ Indirect Pathway† Type of Gap‡ Study Characteristics Population … Studies should be representative of the people living in the United States and include populations … or Contextual Questions Direct/ Indirect Pathway† Type of Gap‡ Study Characteristics Population … Benefits and harms of breastfeeding support interventions in populations who experience challenges … or Contextual Questions Direct/ Indirect Pathway† Type of Gap‡ Study Characteristics Population

86. Archived: Final Research Plan: Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan98/statin-use-in-adults-preventive-medication-november-2016
    May 02, 2014 - depicts the analytic framework, which outlines the evidence areas covered in the review, including the population … The population includes adults ages 21 to 39 years without prior CVD events. … An arrow from the population indicates screening for dyslipidemia, resulting in identification of persons … The population includes adults age 40 years and older without prior CVD events. … on 10-year or lifetime individualized CVD risk level or presence of specific CVD risk factors Populations

87. Final Research Plan: Unhealthy Alcohol Use in Adolescents and Adults: Screening and Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/unhealthy-alcohol-use-adolescents-adults-behavioral-counseling-interventions
    May 16, 2024 - For Key Questions, we will describe the population and intervention characteristics of the included studies … to assess the degree to which the evidence is representative of diverse populations. … We will also examine evidence separately across age groups (adolescents, young adults, general adult populations … Disorders [DSM] or International Classification of Diseases [ICD] diagnostic systems)   Population … behavior or condition KQs 4, 5: Studies in which at least 50% of the enrolled sample is recruited via population-based

88. Screening for Colorectal Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Xbtq4oDQwVo7KgmSjnnDbz
    November 01, 2021 - STUDY SELECTION English-language studies conducted in asymptomatic populations at general risk of CRC … Population: study was not conducted in an average-risk population. … Unclear if the variation of test performance was due to differences in study design, populations, bowel … Limited evidence in true average-risk screening populations. … Empirical studies, trials, or well-designed cohort studies with av- erage-risk populations are still

89. Archived: Syphilis Infection: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/syphilis-infection-screening-2004
    July 15, 2004 - Prevalence of syphilis infection varies widely among communities and patient populations. … ) and by ethnicity (the prevalence of syphilis infection is higher in Hispanic and African American populations … than it is in the white population). … , as well as in high-risk populations and in pregnant women. 3 The USPSTF found no direct evidence that … screening for syphilis infection in the general population or in high-risk populations reduces morbidity

90. Draft Research Plan: Vision in Children Ages 6 Months to 5 Years: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/vision-screening-children-ages-6-months-5-years
    April 24, 2025 - To the extent possible, we plan to describe the population, screening modality, and intervention … Data on population characteristics will help us explore the degree to which the findings are representative … of all children as well as investigate potential differences in benefits and harms by different population … Include Exclude Populations All KQs: Children ages 6 months to 5 years KQs 1–3: Children … associated with ocular abnormalities, or pathologic myopia Studies evaluating screening in specified populations

91. Screening for Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Brief Evidence Update (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/StNCYDfuKfxc2LpwtaN8et
    February 01, 2004 - limited evidence that screening and immunizing persons at high risk reduces the transmission or the population … The populations considered were pregnant women, infants, asymptomatic individuals, and high- risk, asymptomatic … Studies were excluded if they did not meet the inclusion criteria or if they did not pertain to populations … No new RCTs, meta-analyses, or systematic reviews of the evidence for screening in the general population … Is there new evidence that screening and immunizing the general population for HBV infection, or that

92. Archived: Final Evidence Review: Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-review46/hepatitis-b-virus-infection-screening-2004
    February 15, 2004 - limited evidence that screening and immunizing persons at high risk reduces the transmission or the population … The populations considered were pregnant women, infants, asymptomatic individuals, and high-risk, asymptomatic … Studies were excluded if they did not meet the inclusion criteria or if they did not pertain to populations … No new RCTs, meta-analyses, or systematic reviews of the evidence for screening in the general population … Chang et al., 5 in a retrospective population study using a national cancer registry, showed that the

93. Procedure Manual Section 4. Evidence Review Development | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/procedure-manual/procedure-manual-section-4-evidence-review-development
    June 22, 2025 - based on settings, populations, and other intervention characteristics) Overall strength of evidence … Ecological studies usually make comparisons of outcomes in exposed and unexposed populations in one of … ; 2) known potential explanations and potential confounders are considered and adjusted for; 3) the populations … are comparable; 4) the populations and interventions are relevant to a primary care population; and … 4.5.4 Subgroup Analyses The Task Force is interested in targeting its recommendations to those populations

94. Archived: Update on the Methods of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Estimating Certainty and Magnitude of Net Benefit: Carotid Artery Stenosis: Screening, December 2007 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/update-on-the-methods-of-the-us-preventive-services-task-force-estimating-certainty-and-magnitude-of-net-bene%EF%AC%81t/carotid-artery-stenosis-screening-december-2007
    December 15, 2007 - Frequently, studies are conducted in highly selected populations under special conditions. … The Task Force must consider differences between the general primary care population and the populations … , the generalizability of treatment effectiveness estimates based on RCTs conducted in selected populations … on the basis of population prevalence, screening accuracy, and treatment benefit. … includes consistent results from well-designed, well-conducted studies in representative primary care populations

95. Thirteenth Annual Report to Congress on High-Priority Evidence Gaps for Clinical Preventive Services | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/reports-congress/thirteenth-annual-report-congress-high-priority-evidence-gaps-clinical-preventive-services
    January 01, 2023 - Force’s commitment to improving health equity by highlighting research gaps that are reflective of populations … These issues are especially important to study in underserved populations and high-risk groups. … and practices, including healthcare access and delivery, that can lead to inequities in health on a population … Task Force works to improve health equity by highlighting research gaps that are reflective of the populations … , including Hispanic/Latino and Native American/Alaska Native populations.

96. Final Research Plan: Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/cognitive-impairment-older-adults
    June 12, 2025 - For all Key Questions, we will describe the population and intervention characteristics of the … included studies to assess the degree to which the evidence is representative of the U.S. population … , we will characterize the extent to which interventions are tailored to meet the needs of specific populations … We will also analyze the benefits and harms of interventions by populations to the extent that this is … 4, 5: Mild cognitive impairment or mild to moderate dementia KQs 4, 5: Severe dementia Populations

97. Final Research Plan: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/vitamin-d-calcium-or-combined-supplementation-for-the-primary-prevention-of-fractures-in-adults-preventive-medication
    June 23, 2016 - The framework starts on the left with the population of interest, generally healthy persons with no known … Included Excluded Population Community-dwelling adult populations with no known disorders … related to bone metabolism Mixed populations will be included if no more than 20% of the study population … selection based on vitamin D or bone density level Studies with inclusion criteria designed to assemble a population … , and outcomes considered, such as focusing on vitamin D–deficient populations and populations with osteoporosis

98. Ninth Annual Report to Congress on High-Priority Evidence Gaps for Clinical Preventive Services | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/reports-congress/ninth-annual-report-congress-high-priority-evidence-gaps-clinical-preventive-services
    November 01, 2019 - In some cases, clinical preventive services have been well studied for the general population, but there … are important evidence gaps that prevent the USPSTF from making recommendations for specific population … Task Force calls for more research in areas where evidence is lacking, including evidence for specific population … adults Examine whether different screening strategies for alcohol use are more effective in diverse populations … outcomes complicates a clear overall assessment of whether these interventions work Include additional populations

99. Evidence Gaps Research Taxonomy Table: Screening for IPV and Caregiver Abuse in Older Adults (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/yj6JY8HJZtbnv5qDPxS3PX
    Contextual Questions Direct/ Indirect Pathway† Type of Gap‡ Study Characteristics Population … Outcomes/ Timing Setting Studies are needed to assess the accuracy of screening tools in at-risk populations … interventions that have been shown effective in pregnant and postpartum women are needed in other populations … Contextual Questions Direct/ Indirect Pathway2 Type of Gap3 Study Characteristics Population … targeted screening or preventive intervention that adequately measure the desired health outcomes in the population

100. Final Research Plan: Intimate Partner Violence and Caregiver Abuse of Older or Vulnerable Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/intimate-partner-violence-abuse-older-vulnerable-adults
     April 20, 2023 - Intimate Partner Violence   Include Exclude Populations Studies enrolling adolescents … similar to U.S. populations with services and interventions applicable to U.S. practice (i.e., countries … Caregiver Abuse of Older and Vulnerable Adults   Include Exclude Populations Studies … similar to U.S. populations with services and interventions applicable to U.S. practice (i.e., countries … Several comments were related to the difference in population eligibility criteria for the Analytic Frameworks