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141. Evidence Summary: Vitamin Supplementation to Prevent Cancer and CVD: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary21/vitamin-supplementation-to-prevent-cancer-and-cvd-counseling
     February 03, 2014 - because few trials could be combined and to help avoid bias associated with rare events (1% to 10% of participants … With Event, n/N (%) Comparator: Participants With Event, n/N (%) Adjusted RR or HR … Summary of Evidence of Included Studies Supplement Study Design ( κ Value) Participants … * Number of participants randomly assigned is reported for entire study population. … Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various

142. Archived: Evidence Summary: Vitamin Supplementation to Prevent Cancer and CVD: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary21/vitamin-supplementation-to-prevent-cancer-and-cvd-counseling-february-2014
     February 03, 2014 - because few trials could be combined and to help avoid bias associated with rare events (1% to 10% of participants … With Event, n/N (%) Comparator: Participants With Event, n/N (%) Adjusted RR or HR … and/or asbestos-exposed workers), healthy male physicians or female nurses from the United States; participants … * Number of participants randomly assigned is reported for entire study population. … Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various

143. Evidence Summary: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/adolescent-idiopathic-scoliosis-screening
     January 09, 2018 - Two cohort studies (n = 339) on long-term outcomes found that braced participants reported more negative … treatment experience and body appearance compared with surgically treated or untreated participants. … (28%) had progression of Cobb angle past 50°, compared with 50 of 96 (52%) untreated participants. … , 27.7° in braced participants; P = 0.07). … compared with zero reports in the 96 observed participants.

144. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse of Elderly and Vulnerable Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary32/intimate-partner-violence-and-abuse-of-elderly-and-vulnerable-adults-screening-2013
     May 08, 2012 - Participants were given information cards of locally available resources for women with IPV. … At follow-up, participants completed several instruments, including the Composite Abuse Scale. … Birth outcomes were determined by reviewing participants' medical charts. … Smoking and depression were also addressed for participants with these problems. … Participants reported no adverse effects of the interventions.

145. Jraqn9Em-Jtem94Ybdozz3 (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/jRaQn9Em-jtem94yBDoZZ3
     November 01, 2012 - ) over 12 months compared with control participants (moderate strength of evidence). … Moderate 12% fewer participants reported heavy drinking episodes (95% CI, 7%–16%); 7 trials; 2737 participants … Moderate Achieved by 11% more participants (95% CI, 8%–13%); 9 trials; 5973 participants Moderate … Insufficient Achieved by 9% more participants (95% CI, 2%–16%); 2 trials; 776 participants Low Young … Con- trol participants generally reduced alcohol consumption.

146. Evidence Summary: Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/healthy-lifestyle-and-physical-activity-for-cvd-prevention-adults-without-known-risk-factors-behavioral-counseling
     July 26, 2022 - Twenty-four trials reported the proportion of participants meeting recommended levels of physical activity … and 25.4% to 71% of control group participants), and none reported rates of any adverse events to be … Very few trials reported the underlying CVD risk of participants at baseline (ie, the proportion of participants … Although most studies recruited participants directly (via invitations through primary care, the broader … This variation likely reflects that even within studies, some participants can achieve greater change

147. Draft Recommendation: Healthy Weight and Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/healthy-weight-and-weight-gain-during-pregnancy-behavioral-counseling-interventions
     December 08, 2020 - face-to-face, computer, internet, or telephone). 1 Effective, recurring interventions often referred participants … Participants were counseled on healthy diet and exercise through individual or group education sessions … Study sample sizes ranged from 50 to 2,261; the total number of participants in all included studies … BMI inclusion criteria varied across the trials: overweight or obese participants (19 trials), obese … participants only (13 trials), mixed weight status (34 trials), and normal weight only (1 trial).

148. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Publishes Article Addressing Sex and Gender in Primary Care Prevention | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/announcements/us-preventive-services-task-force-publishes-article-addressing-sex-and-gender-primary-care-prevention
     October 25, 2021 - research to adopt a more inclusive approach to considering and reporting the sex and gender of study participants

149. Draft Recommendation: Interventions for Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/tobacco-smoking-cessation-in-adults-including-pregnant-women-interventions
     June 02, 2020 - Smoking cessation rates improved from 5.6% in participants receiving usual or minimal care to 9.5% in … Participants in the control group may have also received some counseling or support, but it was less … Three of the studies included participants who either wanted to stop smoking or were attending a stop … Study size ranged from 300 to 1,124 participants. Reported trial findings were inconsistent. … One study reported that 26.9% of all study participants were using e-cigarettes at 1 year. 46 Harms

150. Draft Recommendation: Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/prediabetes-and-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-screening
     March 16, 2021 - ) 16 , 17 , 18 and the Ely study (n=4,936 participants), 19-21 that evaluated the effect of screening … placebo (-2.0 kg [95% CI, -3.2 to -0.8 kg]). 11 The PREVENT-DM trial of metformin also found that participants … died from hypoglycemia, and serious hypoglycemic events requiring medical attention in 1% (6/619) of participants … receiving chlorpropamide, 1.5% (9/615) of participants receiving glibenclamide, 1.8% (16/911) of participants … receiving insulin, and 0.7% (6/896) of participants in the conventional care group. 28   Several trials

151. Draft Recommendation: Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/prediabetes-and-type-2-diabetes-screening
     March 16, 2021 - ) 16 , 17 , 18 and the Ely study (n=4,936 participants), 19-21 that evaluated the effect of screening … placebo (-2.0 kg [95% CI, -3.2 to -0.8 kg]). 11 The PREVENT-DM trial of metformin also found that participants … died from hypoglycemia, and serious hypoglycemic events requiring medical attention in 1% (6/619) of participants … receiving chlorpropamide, 1.5% (9/615) of participants receiving glibenclamide, 1.8% (16/911) of participants … receiving insulin, and 0.7% (6/896) of participants in the conventional care group. 28   Several trials

152. Effectiveness of Primary Care–Relevant Treatments for Obesity in Adults: A Systematic Evidence Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/hbSopN6uA9u-4EQuKtRGDP
     October 01, 2011 - Weight-loss treatment re- duced diabetes incidence in participants with prediabetes. … 11 256 participants) involved orlistat plus behavioral interventions (65–82), and 3 (2652 participants … Overall, 60% of participants were female; less than 40% of patients were nonwhite. … Orlistat trial participants were 66% female, and less than 12% were nonwhite. … Depression symptoms and antidepressant medicine use in Diabetes Prevention Program participants.

153. Recommendation: Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/tobacco-use-in-adults-and-pregnant-women-counseling-and-interventions
     January 19, 2021 - Smoking cessation rates were an average of 5.6% in participants receiving usual or minimal care and 9.5% … Participants in the control group may have also received some counseling or support, but it was less … Four of the studies included participants who either wanted to stop smoking or were attending a stop … Study size ranged from 150 to 1124 participants. Reported trial findings were mixed. … One study reported that 26.9% of all study participants were using e-cigarettes at 1 year. 77 Harms

154. Evidence Summary: Sexually Transmitted Infections: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/sexually-transmitted-infections-behavioral-counseling
     August 18, 2020 - In most studies of group counseling, participants were of the same gender. … The randomized trials included in this review recruited participants at increased risk based on their … Most studies primarily included heterosexual participants at increased STI risk. … ranged in age from 12 to 19 years. c Study participants ranged in age from 12 to 25 years or study … Thus, the total number of participants in the analysis differed.

155. Screening for Atrial Fibrillation: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/xAGEhtGLaE-73dSKc9_C9w
     January 25, 2022 - The mHealth Screening to Prevent Strokes (mSToPS) trial (n = 2659) randomized participants to screening … The mean age of participants in this study was 80 years, and all were required to have hypertension.40 … Participants who had a positive screening result had higher mean anxiety scores compared with those who … (2.6% of participants), although the balance of benefits or harms of these findings is unknown.39 An … It is important that screening trials enroll sufficient participants of both sexes and diverse racial

156. Draft Research Plan: Tobacco Use Prevention and Cessation in Children and Adolescents: Primary Care Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/tobacco-use-intervention-prevention-cessation-children-adolescents
     February 29, 2024 - Populations Adolescents (ages 13–18 years) and children (age <13 years) More than 50% of study participants … health or policy interventions Use of ENDS as a cessation or prevention intervention Trials in which participants

157. Screening for Depression and Suicide Risk in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/bF_Y9vcT3eNPdHjTxPZsUZ
     April 17, 2023 - Fifty per- cent to 70% of participants were women. … groups’ clinicians.1 Trial participants 2062 JAMA June 20, 2023 Volume 329, Number 23 jama.com © … Across all studies, 93% of all participants were women. … , from 4.5% to 59.3% (4 studies); and of White study participants, from 29% to 94.1% (6 studies). … There were limited data for populations according to racial or ethnic group or whether participants

158. Archived: Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Women: Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/tobacco-use-in-adults-and-pregnant-women-counseling-and-interventions-september-2015
     September 21, 2015 - Participants in the control group may have also received some counseling or support, but it was less … using e-cigarettes than in control participants (11.0% vs. 4%; P = 0.04), whereas a larger study found … Compared with control participants (most often defined as usual care or less intensive interventions) … using NRT versus control participants (odds ratio, 0.74 [CI, 0.33 to 1.67]). … It found 10 reported cases of seizures among 13,000 study participants.

159. Draft Research Plan: Depression, Anxiety, and Suicide Risk in Adults, Including Pregnant and Postpartum Persons: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/screening-depression-anxiety-suicide-risk-adults
     May 07, 2020 - Sample must include an estimated 50% or more of participants with an included disorder, but may also … include some participants with related (e.g., other depressive or anxiety disorders) or subsyndromal … Participants must be recruited from a primary care or comparable broad health care setting. … systematic reviews, case-control studies will be used (i.e., studies that limit the study sample to only participants

160. Draft Research Plan: Depression and Suicide Risk in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/screening-depression-suicide-risk-adults
     May 07, 2020 - Sample must include an estimated 50% or more of participants with an included disorder, but may also … include some participants with related (e.g., other depressive or anxiety disorders) or subsyndromal … Participants must be recruited from a primary care or comparable broad health care setting. … systematic reviews, case-control studies will be used (i.e., studies that limit the study sample to only participants