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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/RcckGKJEfBSus5YG89yVpt
November 10, 2020 - in childhood and health outcomes in adult-
hood, however, is unclear. … Studies reporting multiple outcomes may
have been assigned different quality ratings for different outcomes … The questions are depicted by linkages that relate interventions to outcomes. … A dashed line indicates a health outcome that precedes subsequent outcomes. … None of the studies pro-
vided efficacy outcomes beyond 4 weeks.
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/procedure-manual/procedure-manual-appendix-xiii-template-scoping-decision-problem-address-through-decision-modeling
July 01, 2017 - Health outcomes: Deaths, quality-adjusted life years, disability-adjusted life years, incident disease … Intermediate outcomes: Intermediate disease or process outcomes necessary for validation or to determine … disease spectrum, analysis perspective, target population, alternative interventions, health and other outcomes …
Population
Interventions/strategies
Comparators/strategies
Health outcomes …
Intermediate outcomes
Time horizon
Model perspective
Setting
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/procedure-manual/procedure-manual-appendix-xiii-template-scoping-decision-problem-address-through-decision-modeling
July 01, 2017 - Health outcomes: Deaths, quality-adjusted life years, disability-adjusted life years, incident disease … Intermediate outcomes: Intermediate disease or process outcomes necessary for validation or to determine … disease spectrum, analysis perspective, target population, alternative interventions, health and other outcomes … Population
Interventions/strategies
Comparators/strategies
Health outcomes …
Intermediate outcomes
Time horizon
Model perspective
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan4/autism-spectrum-disorder-in-young-children-screening
June 20, 2013 - Screening for ASD and interventions may lead to outcomes such as changes in core ASD symptoms, cognitive … Outcomes of interventions may be modified by timing or ASD severity (KQs 4a and 4b). … What is the effect of severity of ASD on treatment outcomes? … Do the outcomes of screening for ASD and the efficacy and harms of interventions for ASD in young children … Other comments suggested time to diagnosis or intervention as outcomes and broadening the outcome of
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary2/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-counseling-adults-with-high-risk-of-cvd-august-2014
August 26, 2014 - Limitation: Sparse reporting of patient health outcomes, longer-term follow-up of outcomes, and harms … (question 1), intermediate cardiovascular disease–related outcomes (question 2), behavioral outcomes … We examined health outcomes (such as morbidity or mortality related to CVD), intermediate health outcomes … We did qualitative synthesis for health outcomes, behavioral outcomes, and harms. … any intermediate health outcomes) 71 , 73 , 74 .
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/breastfeeding-interventions
March 10, 2022 - are the associations between breastfeeding or consuming breastmilk and short- and long-term health outcomes … implementation of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, improve rates of breastfeeding and health outcomes … study
Wait list control
No attention control
Active breastfeeding support interventions
Outcomes … KQ 1:
Health outcomes in the lactating person such as rates of breast and ovarian cancer, diabetes … mellitus, weight status, or mental health symptoms
Infant and child health outcomes such as gastrointestinal
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/perinatal-depression-interventions-to-prevent
June 01, 2023 - limited to no more than 15 minutes of information)
Placebo required for medication trials
Outcomes … KQ 1:
Maternal health outcomes:
Depression incidence or symptoms (required)
Suicide deaths … including psychiatric hospital admissions
Marital discord and family function
Infant/child health outcomes … due to adverse events in trials of treatment benefit
KQ 1: Maternal behavioral intermediate outcomes … comment, the Research Plan was revised to clarify the list of included and excluded maternal health outcomes
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/breastfeeding-primary-care-interventions
July 14, 2022 - Do interventions to support breastfeeding improve child and maternal health outcomes … associations between breastfeeding or consuming breastmilk and short- and long-term child and maternal health outcomes … implementation of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, improve rates of breastfeeding and health outcomes … Outcomes
KQ 1:
Maternal health outcomes such as rates of breast and ovarian cancer, diabetes mellitus … Infant and child health outcomes such as gastrointestinal symptoms, atopic dermatitis, respiratory symptoms
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-preventive-medication
April 26, 2022 - outcomes including mortality, and CRC incidence and mortality. … Nonfatal and fatal events were analyzed separately as secondary outcomes. … Detailed results are available in the full report. 10
CRC Outcomes
CRC Incidence. … The questions are depicted by linkages that relate interventions and outcomes. … Outcomes: Study did not report relevant outcomes.
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-counseling-adults-with-high-risk-of-cvd
September 13, 2018 - What is the relationship between behavioral outcomes (e.g., diet and physical activity) and health outcomes … What is the relationship between intermediate outcomes (e.g., blood pressure, lipid levels, blood glucose … , and body mass index) and health outcomes? … (e.g., functioning or well-being)
KQ 2: Intermediate outcomes
Blood pressure
Total, low-density … Dietary intake or patterns
Physical activity
Sedentary behavior
KQ 4: Adverse outcomes
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/c7NQCTUxonKVCR_B8nGq9y
May 01, 2006 - Many of the negative health outcomes of iron deficiency are
associated with its extreme manifestation … Iron deficiency has
also been associated with negative neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. … While
most studies of treatment found no effect on birth outcomes, a recent but flawed RCT found a … Teutsch, MD, MPH (Executive Director, Outcomes Research and Management,
Merck & Company, Inc., West … The
USPSTF found at least fair evidence that [the service] improves important health outcomes
and
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/healthy-weight-and-weight-gain-during-pregnancy-behavioral-counseling-interventions
April 26, 2018 - Do interventions to limit excess gestational weight gain lead to improved health outcomes among pregnant … interventions to reduce prepregnancy weight in women who are overweight or obese lead to improved health outcomes … What is the association between gestational weight gain and adverse maternal and infant outcomes? … What is the association between high prepregnancy BMI and risk of adverse maternal and infant outcomes … is the association between reduction in prepregnancy weight and risk of adverse maternal and infant outcomes
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/TkWNoq6KQb3SoZ54gscLCQ
July 25, 2016 - , although evidence on clinical outcomes was limited. … , and the association between
achieving intermediate outcomes after antiviral therapy and clinical outcomes … clinical outcomes. … may improve clinical outcomes. … Preventive Services Task
Force: linking intermediate outcomes and health
outcomes in prevention.
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/child-maltreatment-primary-care-interventions
March 19, 2024 - , included clinical professionals (eg, nurses), and compared interventions with usual care. 1 , 21 Outcomes … ) or hospital, and failure to provide for the child’s medical needs. 1 , 21 Interpretation of some outcomes … with the control group (adjusted odds ratio, 1.85 [95% CI, 1.02-2.85]). 1 , 21 , 25
Intermediate Outcomes … reported some benefit in study-specific outcomes; however, study construction and outcomes varied substantially … Evidence of benefit on child maltreatment outcomes is limited and inconsistent.
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/child-maltreatment-primary-care-interventions-november-2018
November 27, 2018 - When investigating interventions and outcomes, the inclusion of diverse populations and settings would … Outcomes were characterized as direct or proxy measures. … Other measures reviewed include social, emotional, and developmental outcomes. … Only 2 studies that reported outcomes within 2 years of intervention noted statistically significant … None of the mortality outcomes reported reached statistical significance, 21 , 26 , 36 , 37 although
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/breastfeeding-primary-care-interventions
April 11, 2025 - Main Outcomes and Measures: Child and maternal health outcomes, prevalence, and duration of any and … Benefits on Health Outcomes
Key Question 1. … Benefits on Breastfeeding Outcomes
Key Question 2. … : Study did not report relevant outcomes. … 19 RCTs (n = 11,175)
Good: 5 Fair: 14
Infant health outcomes variably reported
Most outcomes based
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/827CwGYMVawpVoVg_syJpF
October 01, 2015 - Iron Deficiency Anemia and Iron Supplementation in
Pregnant Women to Improve Maternal Health and Birth Outcomes … Several studies reported inconsistent findings on these
health outcomes. … These studies assess the effects of the preventive service on health
outcomes. … Low The available evidence is insufficient to assess effects on health outcomes. … More information may allow an estimation of effects on health outcomes.
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/drug-use-illicit-primary-care-interventions-for-children-and-adolescents
May 26, 2020 - , mortality, educational, or legal outcomes). … as mortality, educational attainment, or legal outcomes. … Findings were inconsistent for illicit drug use outcomes across all studies. … on drug use outcomes. … such as social or legal outcomes
Adequate evidence that interventions improve behavioral outcomes
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-pregnant-nonpregnant-adults
November 30, 2023 - treatment include adverse effects associated with antiretroviral therapy, including cardiometabolic outcomes … , and partner discord, abuse, or violence. † Harms of treatment include adverse maternal and infant outcomes … DOR/TDF/3TC †
DOR/TAF/FTC †
EFV/TAF or TDF/FTC or 3TC †
RPV/TAF or TDF/FTC †
Outcomes … associated with currently recommended antiretroviral therapy regimens, including cardiometabolic outcomes … harms following in utero exposure to currently recommended ART regimens
KQs 1–3: Pharmacokinetic outcomes
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www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan44/depression-in-adults-screening
July 03, 2014 - results to providers (with or without additional care management supports) result in improved health outcomes … Does treatment (psychotherapy, antidepressants, or collaborative care) result in improved health outcomes … Benefits of screening (KQ 1):
Primary health outcomes
Depression symptoms … Depression remission
Other health outcomes
Depression response
Suicide deaths … symptoms
Depression remission
Other health outcomes
Depression response