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81. App-D-Opioid-Chronic-Pain-Surveillance-Report-3 (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/app-d-opioid-chronic-pain-surveillance-report-3.xlsx
    September 30, 2015 - Pain > 3 months, currently prescribed opioids Exclusion: cancer and end-of-life treatment A. … Weak opioids; investigators prescribed most suitable drug and daily dose, and would switch to another … 12 month followup Inclusion: Patients with chronic opioid therapy (≥84 consecutive days of available opioids … of opioids (n=6,480) D: Stable or increasing dose of opioid (n=2,277) Age 0-29: 3% 30-39: 12% 40-49: … based on age and time of cohort entry Dose: Long-acting, short-acting, and short- and long-acting opioids

82. Surveillance-Report-1-Treatments-For-Acute-Pain (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/surveillance-report-1-treatments-for-acute-pain.pdf
    January 01, 2022 - Key Question 5: Postoperative pain Opioids vs. … Key Question 6: Dental pain Opioids vs. … Opioids and NSAIDs were more effective than acetaminophen for surgical dental pain, but opioids were … Transdermal patches, topical opioids f. … Opioid analgesics and persistent pain after an acute pain emergency department visit: evidence from

83. Preventing Complications and Treating Symptoms of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/diabetic-neuropathy/research-2017
    March 24, 2017 - pregabalin and oxcarbazepine (low SOE), the drug classes of tricyclic antidepressants (low SOE) and atypical opioids … of evidence was serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors; pregabalin and oxcarbazepine, atypical opioids … bias, we could not draw conclusions for quality of life, all oral drugs had significant side effects, opioids

84. Acute Migraine Treatment in Emergency Settings | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/migraine-emergency/research
    November 27, 2012 - Metoclopramide monotherapy, opioids, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) were the next most … Few side effects were reported for NSAIDS or opioids.

85. Nonopioid Pharmacologic Treatments for Chronic Pain (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/nonopioid-pharm-chronic-pain-protocol.pdf
    February 01, 2019 - The most common forms of pharmacologic treatment for pain include opioids, nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory … Nationally, a concern regarding appropriate use, misuse, and diversion of opioids for treatment of chronic … The 2016 CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain recommends that nonopioid therapy is … Concerns regarding the use of opioids for management of chronic pain are outlined in both the IOM report … CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain--United States, 2016.

86. Nonopioid Pharmacologic Treatments for Chronic Pain | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/nonopioid-chronic-pain/protocol
    March 01, 2019 - The most common forms of pharmacologic treatment for pain include opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory … Nationally, a concern regarding appropriate use, misuse, and diversion of opioids for treatment of chronic … The 2016 CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain recommends that nonopioid therapy is … Concerns regarding the use of opioids for management of chronic pain are outlined in both the IOM report … CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain--United States, 2016.

87. Pbt-Lsr-Draft-Ets-Obs (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/pbt-lsr-draft-ets-obs.xlsx
    March 15, 2022 - discontinuation 49.3% (2650/5373) vs. 72.3% (3887/5373) p<0.001 Estimates of the odds ratio to cease opioids … B Between-cohort differences in discontinuation of strong opioid analgesics: 71.6% vs. 33.8%, p<0.001 … Between-cohort differences in stopping of mild opioids: 82.4% vs. 27.3%, p<0.001 Between-cohort differences … in stopping of strong opioids: 75.9% vs. 46.4%, p<0.001 Discontinuation of all rescue analgesics: 75.6%

88. Migraine-Emergency Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/migraine-emergency_executive.pdf
    November 01, 2012 - Opioids are often used to treat acute migraine, despite their recognized ability to cause dependence … Opioids were more effective than placebo for pain relief (moderate SOE). … Results were mixed for opioids compared with other active agents for pain relief. … Single trials compared opioids with other opioids (e.g., nalbuphine, meperidine), hydroxyzine, methotrimeprazine … Few short-term side effects were reported for opioids.

89. Treatment for Acute Pain: An Evidence Map | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/acute-pain-treatment/technical-brief
    October 22, 2019 - Acute pain is a common ailment in the U.S. often treated with opioids. … Comparisons addressed by many systematic reviews often included opioids. Discussion.

90. Interventional Treatments for Acute and Chronic Pain: Systematic Review | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/interventional-treatments-pain/protocol
    December 17, 2020 - The 2016 CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain provides recommendations for primary … It recommends non-opioid therapy as preferred for treatment of chronic pain, 13 - 15 though opioids … Opioid analgesics--risky drugs, not risky patients. … CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain--United States, 2016. … CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain - United States, 2016. 1057-5987.

91. Executive Summary - Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain: 2023 Update (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-250-cannabis-executive-summary-2023-update.pdf
    January 01, 2023 - placebo,2 and two new observational studies, one of plant-based comparable THC to CBD versus long-acting opioids … gabapentin + nabilone (1) Active comparator; oral mucosal spray vs. dronabinol Long-acting opioids … Nabiximols sublingual oromucosal spray, 2.7 mg THC/2.5 mg CBD per 100 mcl Oral long-acting opioids … Effectiveness, Safety, and Tolerability of Nabiximols Oromucosal Spray vs Typical Oral Long-Acting Opioid … Analgesics in Patients with Severe Neuropathic Back Pain: Analysis of 6-Month Real-World Data from

92. Systematic Review on Treatments for Acute Pain: Surveillance Report 1 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/main-apps-surv-rept-1-acute-pain.pdf
    May 01, 2022 - Opioids and NSAIDs were more effective than acetaminophen for surgical dental pain, but opioids were … Any systemic opioid, including agonists, partial agonists, and mixed mechanism opioids. f. … Transdermal patches, topical opioids f. … Can we eliminate opioids after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction? … Opioid analgesics and persistent pain after an acute pain emergency department visit: evidence from

93. Systematic Review on Treatments for Acute Pain: Surveillance Report 1 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/main-apps-surv-rept-1-acute-pain.pdf
    February 01, 2022 - Opioids and NSAIDs were more effective than acetaminophen for surgical dental pain, but opioids were … Any systemic opioid, including agonists, partial agonists, and mixed mechanism opioids. f. … Transdermal patches, topical opioids f. … Can we eliminate opioids after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction? … Opioid analgesics and persistent pain after an acute pain emergency department visit: evidence from

94. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain_Q1 Report (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/plant-based-chronic-pain-review-jan-2020.pdf
    January 01, 2020 - CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain– United States, 2016. … CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain - United States, 2016. … Efficacy of opioids for chronic pain: a review of the evidence. … Critical issues on opioids in chronic non-cancer pain: an epidemiological study. … Opioids for Chronic Noncancer Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

95. Comparative Effectiveness of Pain Management Interventions fo Hip Fracture (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/hip-fracture-pain.ppt
    May 01, 2011 - Systemic opioid analgesics present complications that include alterations in mental status, nausea and … All interventions were examined in the context of usual care for pain (e.g., NSAIDs and opioids). … 11-EHC022-EF http://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/hippain.cfm Systemic Analgesia Both narcotic (opioids … For all other comparisons of doses, modes of administration, and the addition of opioids to the injection … For all other comparisons of doses, modes of administration, and the addition of opioids to the injection

96. Comparative Effectiveness of Pain Management Interventions fo Hip Fracture (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/hip-fracture-pain.ppt
    May 01, 2011 - Systemic opioid analgesics present complications that include alterations in mental status, nausea and … All interventions were examined in the context of usual care for pain (e.g., NSAIDs and opioids). … 11-EHC022-EF http://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/hippain.cfm Systemic Analgesia Both narcotic (opioids … For all other comparisons of doses, modes of administration, and the addition of opioids to the injection … For all other comparisons of doses, modes of administration, and the addition of opioids to the injection

97. Disposition of Comments Report for Acute Migraine Treatment in Emergency Settings (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/migraine-emergency_disposition-comments.pdf
    November 27, 2012 - Opioids do not ‘cause ‘ relapse; rather they are associated with a higher risk of relapse. … For example, the routes of administration of opioids DHE not always clear in the text. … We summarize the results for opioids in the discussion section. … that opioids were compared with various other agents including other opioids. … The specific opioids are listed in the table.

98. Cer-250-Cannabis-Table-E5-2022-Update 0 (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-250-cannabis-table-e5-2022-update_0.xlsx
    January 01, 2022 - discontinuation 49.3% (2650/5373) vs. 72.3% (3887/5373) p<0.001 Estimates of the odds ratio to cease opioids … B Between-cohort differences in discontinuation of strong opioid analgesics: 71.6% vs. 33.8%, p<0.001 … Between-cohort differences in stopping of mild opioids: 82.4% vs. 27.3%, p<0.001 Between-cohort differences … in stopping of strong opioids: 75.9% vs. 46.4%, p<0.001 Discontinuation of all rescue analgesics: 75.6%

99. Disposition of Comments: CER 227 Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-227-noninvasive-nonpharm-chronic-pain-comments.pdf
    April 16, 2020 - Patients are usually presented with a single copay for a month’s supply of opioids versus a copay for … No RCTs that compared such interventions to opioids were identified. … There are two concurrent reviews, one on opioids and the other on non-opioid pharmacologic treatments … Given that studies did not directly compare the nonpharmacologic interventios to opioids, extensive … Our concurrent reviews on opioids and nonopioid pharmacologic treatments address the effectiveness

100. Systematic Review on Treatments for Acute Pain: Surveillance Report 2 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/main-apps-surv-report-2-acute-pain.pdf
     May 01, 2022 - Preoperative education included information on the opioid epidemic, risks of opioids, safe use of opioids … pain, but opioids were less effective than acetaminophen for kidney stone pain. … Transdermal patches, topical opioids f. … Can we eliminate opioids after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction? … Opioid analgesics and persistent pain after an acute pain emergency department visit: evidence from