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61. EHC Research Protocol (Amended): Treatments for Acute Episodic Migraine (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/migraine-treatments-research-amended-protocol.pdf
    January 09, 2020 - In contrast, the evidence supporting the use of opioids, other nonopioid pharmacologic therapy, and … of use per month of specific medications.8 Triptans, ergots alkaloids, combination analgesics, or opioids … analgesics and triptans.9 For this reason, the American Headache Society has explicitly stated that opioids … has been identified as a risk factor for disease chronification. 11 12 Despite concern with use of opioids … Rates and Predictors of Using Opioids in the Emergency Department to Treat Migraine in Adolescents and

62. Noninvasive Treatments for Low Back Pain: Current State of the Evidence (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/back-pain-treatment_clinician.pdf
    November 01, 2016 - . �� Pharmacological interventions: NSAIDs, opioids, and duloxetine are effective in treating chronic … low back pain (moderate SOE). �» Note: No evidence supporting the effectiveness and safety of opioids … the potential for increased risk of misuse, abuse, addiction, overdose, and death associated with opioids … Placebo Pain (short-term) 1 SR + 2 additional RCTs ++ ��� Function (short-term) + Opioids—other§ … Drugs FDA Black Box Warning Opioids (immediate-release) ��Misuse, abuse, addiction, overdose, and

63. Noninvasive Treatments for Low Back Pain: Current State of the Evidence | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/back-pain-treatment/clinician
    November 15, 2016 - Pharmacological interventions: NSAIDs, opioids, and duloxetine are effective in treating chronic low … Note: No evidence supporting the effectiveness and safety of opioids in the long term is available. … consider the potential for increased risk of misuse, abuse, addiction, overdose, and death associated with opioids … ++ [evidence medium] Function (short-term) 1 SR + 2 additional RCTs + [evidence medium] Opioids … Food and Drug Administration Opioids (immediate-release) Misuse, abuse, addiction, overdose, and

64. Disposition of Comments: CER 228, Nonopioid Pharmacologic Treatments for Chronic Pain (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-228-nonopioid-pharm-chronic-pain-comments.pdf
    April 16, 2020 - The second study was not eligible for this review because comparisons to opioids were not included … However, this comparison was covered in our related report on the use of opioids in chronic pain and … More importantly, nonopioid drug therapies are not necessarily a replacement for the use of opioids … In such cases, opioids can and should be tested on a trial basis, and the use of opioids for chronic … opioids = BAD marijuana, alcohol, cigarettes, sugar = A OK So you see, WE are NOT the problem.

65. Appendix-D-Surveillance-Report-1 (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/appendix-d-surveillance-report-1.xlsx
    September 30, 2015 - Pain > 3 months, currently prescribed opioids; excluded cancer and end-of-life treatment A. … Inclusion: Adults aged 18-64 years with post-surgical, non-cancer back pain; addiction to prescription opioids … 12 month followup Inclusion: Patients with chronic opioid therapy (≥84 consecutive days of available opioids … in 2014 or 2015 with an average daily MME ≥ 50 Exclusion: NR n=14,596 A: Abrupt discontinuation of opioids … of opioids (n=6,480) D: Stable or increasing dose of opioid (n=2,277) Age 0-29: 3% 30-39: 12% 40-49:

66. App-D-Opioid-Chronic-Pain-Surveill-Report-1 (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/app-d-opioid-chronic-pain-surveill-report-1.xlsx
    September 30, 2015 - Pain > 3 months, currently prescribed opioids; excluded cancer and end-of-life treatment A. … Inclusion: Adults aged 18-64 years with post-surgical, non-cancer back pain; addiction to prescription opioids … 12 month followup Inclusion: Patients with chronic opioid therapy (≥84 consecutive days of available opioids … in 2014 or 2015 with an average daily MME ≥ 50 Exclusion: NR n=14,596 A: Abrupt discontinuation of opioids … of opioids (n=6,480) D: Stable or increasing dose of opioid (n=2,277) Age 0-29: 3% 30-39: 12% 40-49:

67. Pbt-Lsr-Draft-Report (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/pbt-lsr-draft-report.pdf
    February 04, 2022 - Efficacy of opioids for chronic pain: a review of the evidence. … neuropathic pain and inadequate pain relief with recommended first- and second- line treatments (e.g., non-opioid … analgesics, opioid analgesics, antiseizure medications, or antidepressants), using a propensity matched … Among daily or near daily cannabis users also using opioids, the adjusted OR for discontinuing opioids … the use of opioids for pain were very poorly reported.

68. Draft Report: Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/draft-report-plant-based-treatment.pdf
    March 01, 2021 - CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain– United States, 2016. … CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain - United States, 2016. … Efficacy of opioids for chronic pain: a review of the evidence. … the use of opioids for pain were very poorly reported. … Efficacy of opioids for chronic pain: a review of the evidence.

69. App-D-Opioid-Chronic-Pain-Surveillance-Report-2 (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/app-d-opioid-chronic-pain-surveillance-report-2.xlsx
    September 30, 2015 - Pain > 3 months, currently prescribed opioids; excluded cancer and end-of-life treatment A. … Inclusion: Adults aged 18-64 years with post-surgical, non-cancer back pain; addiction to prescription opioids … 12 month followup Inclusion: Patients with chronic opioid therapy (≥84 consecutive days of available opioids … in 2014 or 2015 with an average daily MME ≥ 50 Exclusion: NR n=14,596 A: Abrupt discontinuation of opioids … of opioids (n=6,480) D: Stable or increasing dose of opioid (n=2,277) Age 0-29: 3% 30-39: 12% 40-49:

70. AHRQ Evidence-based Practice Center Program Research Gaps Summary: Primary Care (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/research-gap-primary-care-summary-table.pdf
    March 01, 2022 - • Only a small number of studies have evaluated opioids. … Some opioids may reduce pain of episodic migraine. … Some opioids may be less effective than other drugs. … pain, but opioids are probably less effective than acetaminophen for kidney stone pain … individuals are dependent on opioids and experiencing pain

71. Acute Treatments for Episodic Migraine | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/migraine-treatments/protocol
    January 08, 2020 - of use per month of specific medications. 8 Triptans, ergots alkaloids, combination analgesics, or opioids … analgesics and triptans. 9 For this reason, the American Headache Society has explicitly stated that opioids … (SES)); (2) patient medical comorbidities (previous opioid use, body mass index (BMI); (3) dose of opioids … Rates and Predictors of Using Opioids in the Emergency Department to Treat Migraine in Adolescents and … Rates and Predictors of Using Opioids in the Emergency Department to Treat Migraine in Adolescents and

72. Noninvasive Treatments for Low Back Pain (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/back-pain-treatment_research_executive.pdf
    February 01, 2016 - opioids also received higher doses of opioids. … opioids also received higher doses of opioids. … Opioids vs. … Long acting opioids vs. … to long-acting opioids also received higher doses of opioids.

73. Optimizing Safety of Analgesic Use Among Patients with Arthritis | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/arthritis-analgesics-safety/research
    January 01, 2005 - The comparative safety of opioids for nonmalignant pain in older adults .

74. Topic-Brief1-Care-Coordination (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/topic-brief1-care-coordination.pdf
    April 01, 2021 - In addition, persons with pain are often discharged on opioids; such patients may be at risk for opioid-related … adverse events or withdrawal if opioids are discontinued or tapered abruptly. … Management of pain during hospitalization often involves use of opioids. … are potentially at risk for opioid-related adverse events as well untreated pain or withdrawal if opioids … Opioid analgesics play an essential role in treating pain, and pain management in the context of the

75. Topic-Brief1-Care-Coordination (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/topic-brief1-care-coordination.pdf
    April 01, 2021 - In addition, persons with pain are often discharged on opioids; such patients may be at risk for opioid-related … adverse events or withdrawal if opioids are discontinued or tapered abruptly. … Management of pain during hospitalization often involves use of opioids. … are potentially at risk for opioid-related adverse events as well untreated pain or withdrawal if opioids … Opioid analgesics play an essential role in treating pain, and pain management in the context of the

76. Developing and Piloting a Tool To Create Dot Plots To Summarize Pooled Data for Multiple Outcomes in Systematic Reviews (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/dot-plots-methods.pdf
    October 01, 2021 - Dot plot for dichotomous outcomes, opioids versus placebo or no opioid ..................... 3 Figure … The opioids review reported dichotomous and continuous outcomes; for the pilot we used pooled data for … the comparison involving opioids versus placebo or no opioids. … Dot plot for dichotomous outcomes, opioids versus placebo or no opioid Note: Pain response indicates … Dot plot for continuous outcomes, opioids versus placebo or no opioid Abbreviations: CI = confidence

77. Research Protocol (Amended): Treatment of Acute Pain--An Evidence Map (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/acute-pain-protocol-amended.pdf
    June 10, 2018 - Opioids are a primary pharmacologic treatment for pain. … risen from 3 deaths per 100,000 people in 2000 to more than 13 per 100,000 in 2016.1 Prescription opioids … how to effectively prevent and manage acute and chronic pain with less reliance on highly addictive opioids … • Which settings are of highest priority in terms of identifying alternatives to opioids? … • Are you aware of clinical practice guidelines addressing reducing the use of opioids?

78. Treatment of Acute Pain: An Evidence Map | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/acute-pain-treatment/protocol
    February 12, 2019 - Opioids are a primary pharmacologic treatment for pain. … risen from 3 deaths per 100,000 people in 2000 to more than 13 per 100,000 in 2016. 1 Prescription opioids … how to effectively prevent and manage acute and chronic pain with less reliance on highly addictive opioids … Which settings are of highest priority in terms of identifying alternatives to opioids? … Are you aware of clinical practice guidelines addressing reducing the use of opioids?

79. Noninvasive Treatments for Low Back Pain | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/back-pain-treatment/research
    February 29, 2016 - trials of pharmacological treatments (acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], opioids … that NSAIDs (strength of evidence [SOE]: low to moderate), skeletal muscle relaxants (SOE: moderate), opioids … pain, effective therapies versus placebo, sham, no treatment, usual care, or wait list are NSAIDs, opioids

80. Developing and Piloting a Tool To Create Dot Plots To Summarize Pooled Data for Multiple Outcomes in Systematic Reviews (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/dot-plots-methods.pdf
    October 01, 2021 - Dot plot for dichotomous outcomes, opioids versus placebo or no opioid ..................... 3 Figure … The opioids review reported dichotomous and continuous outcomes; for the pilot we used pooled data for … the comparison involving opioids versus placebo or no opioids. … Dot plot for dichotomous outcomes, opioids versus placebo or no opioid Note: Pain response indicates … Dot plot for continuous outcomes, opioids versus placebo or no opioid Abbreviations: CI = confidence