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81. Peripheral Nerve Blocks for Postoperative Pain Management in Cardiothoracic Surgery (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/peripheral-nerve-block-protocol.pdf
    November 18, 2023 - and neurovascular responses, cardiac stress, and a longer physiologic surgical stress response.5–8 Opioids … are the mainstay of acute postoperative pain management.9,10 However, opioids are associated not only … Opioids Prescribed After Low-Risk Surgical Procedures in the United States, 2004-2012. … In-hospital use of opioids increases rate of coded postoperative paralytic ileus. … BOPv1U undergoing surgery: unequal burden on younger girls with higher doses of opioids.

82. Retention Strategies for Medications for Addiction Treatment in Adults With Opioid Use Disorder: A Rapid Evidence Review (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/mat-retention-strategies-rapid-review-1.pdf
    August 01, 2020 - Participants were still considered retained in MAT if they continued to use illicit opioids or missed … Unlike naltrexone, buprenorphine does not require a period of complete abstinence from opioids to initiate … of XR-naltrexone and other antagonist therapies that require a period of complete abstinence from opioids … Script in a Day intervention for individuals who are injecting opioids: a feasibility randomized control … Effects of medication-assisted treatment on mortality among opioids users: a systematic review and

83. White Paper_Living Systematic Reviews: Examining Excluded Full-Text Articles To Better Understand the Evidence Base on Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/living-systematic-reviews-full-text-articles-white-paper.pdf
    January 01, 2024 - In the case of opioids,5 serious potential harms include risk of opioid use disorder and overdose. … CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain– United States, 2016. … CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain - United States, 2016. … Concomitant cannabis abuse/dependence in patients treated with opioids for non-cancer pain. … Concomitant cannabis abuse/dependence in patients treated with opioids for non-cancer pain.

84. Hip-Fracture-Pain Clinician (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/hip-fracture-pain_clinician.pdf
    May 01, 2011 - effectiveness, benefits, or adverse events from differing doses, modes of administration, and the addition of opioids … For example, treatment of moderate to severe pain may require opioids, which present complications that

85. White Paper: Living Systematic Reviews: Practical Considerations for Adapting Scope and Communicating the Evolving Evidence (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/scope-communicating-evolving-evidence-white-paper_0.pdf
    June 01, 2025 - In the case of opioids,8 serious potential harms include risk of opioid use disorder and overdose. … Opioids Pain Management Objective Testing Comparisons Monochromatic Infrared Photo Energy (MIRE); … of VER-01 to Opioids in Patients With Chronic Non-specific Low Back Pain VER-01; Opioid Therapy … CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain– United States, 2016. … CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain - United States, 2016.

86. #14 SUBSTANCE ABUSE (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/substance-abuse-horizon-scan-high-impact-1312.pdf
    December 01, 2013 - Community-Based Opioid Overdose Prevention Program (Project Lazarus) Unmet need: Increased prescribing of opioids … deaths associated with these pharmacologic agents.1 Illegal use of prescription pain relievers (i.e., opioids … For patients requiring chronic opioids for pain management or help with opioid dependence, treatment

87. Effective Health Care (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND_0215_01-06-2010.pdf
    January 01, 2010 - Intervention(s): Dopaminergic agents, antiparkinson agents, benzodiazepines and other sedative-hypnotics, opioids

88. Disposition of Comments for Management of Suspected Opioid Overdose With Naloxone by Emergency Medical Services Personnel (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-193-disposition-comments-naloxone.pdf
    November 27, 2017 - Will that person keep the pt from using more opioids right away (since the pt will be dope-sick, but … This is especially relevant because of the dramatic rise in the abuse of high-potency opioids such … The urgency is further heightened by the rapid emergence of highly potent synthetic opioids, such as … The increased incidence of high potency opioids involved in an overdose will make the determination … We deleted the sentence discussing the proportion of heroin users who report prescription opioids

89. Acute Treatment for Episodic Migraine: Surveillance Report 2 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/episodic-migraine-surveillance-report-2.pdf
    June 01, 2022 - The original 2020 report examined the evidence on the comparative effectiveness and harms of opioids … RCTs evaluated pharmacologic therapies and were included for KQ 2.4-6 There were no new studies on opioids … the original 2020 report and Surveillance Report 1 on the comparative effectiveness and harms of opioids … Opioids have low or insufficient strength of evidence for acute treatment of migraine. … SES]); (2) patient medical comorbidities (previous opioid use, body mass index [BMI]); (3) dose of opioids

90. CER 225: Evidence Summary Interventions for Substance Use Disorders in Adolescents: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-225-substance-abuse-adolescents-evidence-summary%20225%20Substance%20Use%20Adolescents.pdf
    May 01, 2020 - Very few studies evaluated users of opioids, methamphetamines, or substances other than alcohol or cannabis

91. Preventing Complications and Treating Symptoms of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/diabetic-neuropathy-disposition-170707.pdf
    March 24, 2017 - In contrast to Griebeler et al., we synthesized evidence on atypical opioids (tapentadol and tramadol … Otherwise, typical opioids are considered to be equivalent in efficacy for pain and have been treated … HELPFUL PARTCULATRLY AT NIGHT WITH SLEEP PROBLEMS; THERE NEEDS TO BE SLOW TITRATION and atypical opioids … For tramadol and tapentadol, we report in the abstract that “opioids have significant long-term risks … and in the discussion, that “New guidelines and position papers now recommend against the use of opioids

92. Preventing Complications and Treating Symptoms of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/diabetic-neuropathy-disposition-170707.pdf
    March 24, 2017 - In contrast to Griebeler et al., we synthesized evidence on atypical opioids (tapentadol and tramadol … Otherwise, typical opioids are considered to be equivalent in efficacy for pain and have been treated … HELPFUL PARTCULATRLY AT NIGHT WITH SLEEP PROBLEMS; THERE NEEDS TO BE SLOW TITRATION and atypical opioids … For tramadol and tapentadol, we report in the abstract that “opioids have significant long-term risks … and in the discussion, that “New guidelines and position papers now recommend against the use of opioids

93. Making Healthcare Safer IV: Opioid Stewardship | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/mhs4-opioid-stewardship/protocol

94. App-E-Surv-Rept-1-Acute-Pain (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/app-e-surv-rept-1-acute-pain.xlsx
    October 08, 2025 - B Opioid use (mean [SD] tablets): 6.33 (7.1) vs. 5.69 (5.8), p=0.24 Consumed opioids postoperatively: … (1.90) vs. 1.84 (1.29) day 1, p=0.01; 3.14 (2.12) vs. 3.29 (2.14) day 7, p=0.17 NR NR Escalated to opioids

95. Systematic Review Update: Noninvasive Nonpharmacologic Treatment for Chronic Pain (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/nonpharm-treatment-chronic-pain-protocol.pdf
    December 11, 2018 - benzodiazepines) topical agents,(diclofenac, lidocaine capsaicin)  Medical marijuana (any formulation)  Opioid … analgesics o Key Questions 1-4, 6, subquestion “c”: Exercise o Key Question 5, 6, subquestion “c” … and CBD); FDA approved synthetic cannabinoids (Dronabionol [THC], Nabilone [similar to THC]) • Opioid … analgesics KQs 1-4, 6 subquestion c • Exerciseb KQ 5, 6 subquestion c • Biofeedbackc All KQs: … Efficacy of opioids for chronic pain: a review of the evidence.

96. Cannabis-App-F5-Table-Surveillance-Report-2 0 0 (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cannabis-app-f5-table-surveillance-report-2_0_0.xlsx
    October 08, 2025 - discontinuation 49.3% (2650/5373) vs. 72.3% (3887/5373) p<0.001 Estimates of the odds ratio to cease opioids

97. Appendix-E-Table-E5 0 (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/Appendix-E-Table-E5_0.xlsx
    October 08, 2025 - discontinuation 49.3% (2650/5373) vs. 72.3% (3887/5373) p<0.001 Estimates of the odds ratio to cease opioids

98. Effective Health Care (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND_0122_06-29-2009.pdf
    January 01, 2009 - Comparator(s): no analgesic/anesthetic intervention, analgesia/anesthesia, systemic medications (such as opioids

99. App-E-Opioid-Chronic-Pain-Surveillance-Report-3 (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/app-e-opioid-chronic-pain-surveillance-report-3.xlsx
    January 01, 2021 - Table E-1. RCT QA Table E-1. RCT quality assessment Author, Year Randomization Adequate? Allocation Concealment Adequate? Groups Similar at Baseline? Outcome Assessors Masked? Care Provider Masked? Patient Masked? Intention-To-Treat (ITT) Analysis Acceptable Levels of Overall Attrition and Between-Group Differences…

100. App-E-Opioid-Chronic-Pain-Surveillance-Report-2 (xls file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/app-e-opioid-chronic-pain-surveillance-report-2.xlsx
     January 01, 2021 - Table E-1. RCT QA Table E-1. RCT quality assessment Author, Year Randomization Adequate? Allocation Concealment Adequate? Groups Similar at Baseline? Outcome Assessors Masked? Care Provider Masked? Patient Masked? Intention-To-Treat (ITT) Analysis Acceptable Levels of Overall Attrition and Between-Group Differences…