- 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/opioids-oa-protocol.pdf
June 29, 2019 - older adults is, thus, commonly difficult to manage as many older adults are 
unable to tolerate non-opioid … analgesics (e.g., non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) due to 
impaired liver or kidney function, … Opioid analgesics and the risk of fractures 
in older adults with arthritis. … Adverse effects of analgesics commonly used by 
older adults with osteoarthritis: focus on non-opioid and opioid … analgesics.
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/chronic-pain-opioid-treatment_research-protocol.pdf
December 19, 2013 - Revised Protocol - Opioids 12 13 13[1] … related to pain, function, quality of life, 
and doses of opioids used? … , addiction, abuse, or misuse; and doses 
of opioids used? … Curtailing 
diversion and abuse of opioid analgesics without 
jeopardizing pain treatment. … Extended-Release and Long-Acting (ER/LA) 
Opioid Analgesics Risk Evaluation and 
Mitigation Strategy
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-229-opioid-treatments-chronic-pain-evidence-summary.pdf
April 01, 2020 - used (e.g., pure 
opioid agonists, partial opioid agonists such 
as buprenorphine, or drugs with mixed … , partial opioid 
agonists such as buprenorphine, or drugs with 
opioid and nonopioid mechanisms of … versus 
placebo, opioids versus nonopioids, opioids plus 
nonopioids versus nonopioids alone, and opioids … Harms of opioids vs. … Opioid analgesics 
and the risk of fractures in older adults with arthritis.
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/tech-brief-37-opiod-use-adults-comments.pdf
November 03, 2020 - for the 
shortest duration possible, and co-
prescribing opioids with non-opioid 
analgesics, but not … analgesics are on the 
order of a maximum of 0.6% (Ref 2). … mortality in 
patients of any age who are diagnosed and 
treated for chronic pain with prescription opioid … analgesics, is very low. … “Cohort study of the impact of high-dose opioid 
analgesics on overdose mortality”.
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/opioid-chronic-pain-surveillance-report-2.pdf
April 01, 2022 - Opioids vs. … used (e.g., pure opioid 
agonists, partial opioid agonists such as buprenorphine, or drugs with 
mixed … , partial opioid agonists such as buprenorphine, or drugs with 
opioid and nonopioid mechanisms of action … Efficacy and Safety of Opioid Analgesics 
for the Management of Chronic Low Back 
Pain: An Evidence from … Does 
aerobic exercise training alter responses to 
opioid analgesics in individuals with chronic 
low
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/opioid-treatments-chronic-pain-protocol.pdf
December 19, 2018 - used (e.g., pure 
opioid agonists, partial opioid agonists such as buprenorphine or drugs with mixed … between pure opioid agonists and partial opioid agonists 
such as buprenorphine or drugs with opioid … misuse, opioid use disorder, and overdose; and 
doses of opioids used? … or short-
acting opioids 
(including 
tapentadol, 
buprenorphine, 
and tramadol) 
opioids  
 
Exclude … CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain--
United States, 2016.
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/opioids-older-adults/report
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/opioid-chronic-pain-surveillance-report-3.pdf
June 01, 2022 - used (e.g., pure opioid 
agonists, partial opioid agonists such as buprenorphine, or drugs with 
mixed … , partial opioid agonists such as buprenorphine, or drugs with 
opioid and nonopioid mechanisms of action … Efficacy and Safety of Opioid Analgesics 
for the Management of Chronic Low Back 
Pain: An Evidence from … Does 
aerobic exercise training alter responses to 
opioid analgesics in individuals with chronic 
low … COMET 
- effectiveness and tolerability of 
methocarbamol versus oral opioid-
analgesics as add-on measure
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/opioids-older-adults/protocol
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/opioids-chronic-pain-surveillance-report-1-final.pdf
April 01, 2022 - studies (2 new) 
2c Opioids vs. non-opioids 
harms: 13 studies 
2d Opioids + non-opioid vs. … used (e.g., pure opioid 
agonists, partial opioid agonists such as buprenorphine, or drugs with 
mixed … , partial opioid agonists such as buprenorphine, or drugs with 
opioid and nonopioid mechanisms of action … Efficacy and Safety of Opioid Analgesics 
for the Management of Chronic Low Back 
Pain: An Evidence from … Does 
aerobic exercise training alter responses to 
opioid analgesics in individuals with chronic 
low
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/chronic-pain-opioid-treatment_executive.pdf
September 19, 2014 - Analgesics List.32 We received five 
SIP submissions. … Curtailing diversion and abuse 
of opioid analgesics without jeopardizing pain treatment. … Extended-Release and 
Long-Acting (ER/LA) Opioid Analgesics Risk Evaluation 
and Mitigation Strategy … A survey of chronic noncancer pain patients prescribed 
opioid analgesics. … Drug 
Class Review: Long-Acting Opioid Analgesics: Final 
Update 6 Report.
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/topic-brief2-opioid-withdrawal.pdf
April 01, 2021 - analgesics, including 
when to consider tapering, important considerations and steps prior to tapering … Analgesics. … HHS Guide 
for Clinicians on the Appropriate Dosage 
Reduction or Discontinuation of Long-Term 
Opioid … Analgesics. 2019 Oct:1-5. 
5. … Opioid analgesics play an essential role in treating pain, and pain management in the context 
of the
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/topic-brief2-opioid-withdrawal.pdf
April 01, 2021 - analgesics, including 
when to consider tapering, important considerations and steps prior to tapering … Analgesics. … HHS Guide 
for Clinicians on the Appropriate Dosage 
Reduction or Discontinuation of Long-Term 
Opioid … Analgesics. 2019 Oct:1-5. 
5. … Opioid analgesics play an essential role in treating pain, and pain management in the context 
of the
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/opioids-chronic-pain/research
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/opioids-chronic-pain/protocol
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-220-analgesics-acute-pain-summary.pdf
September 01, 2019 - versus ketamine, opioids 
versus APAP, opioids versus nitrous oxide, opioids 
versus NSAIDs, combination … Ketamine
Opioid+Ketamine 
Versus Opioid
Opioids Versus 
APAP
Opioids 
Versus Nitrous 
Oxide
Opioids … PO: 1
4
Characteristic
Opioids Versus 
Ketamine
Opioid+Ketamine 
Versus Opioid
Opioids Versus … APAP
Opioids 
Versus Nitrous 
Oxide
Opioids Versus 
NSAIDs
Specific drugs 
(N studies)
Morphine: … Combining 
opioids and ketamine may be more effective than 
opioids alone, administered primarily IV.
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cannabis-2022-update-surv-rep-1-app-F-5.xlsx
January 01, 2022 - B
Between-cohort differences in discontinuation of strong opioid analgesics: 71.6% vs. 33.8%, p<0.001 … analgesics as an add-on treatment	Mean (SD)
A: 6.2 (2.4) sprays/day (16.74 mg THC/15.5 mg CBD)
B: MME … B
Mean number of background pain medications use at 6 months:
Mild opioid analgesics: 0.02 (SD 0.14) … vs. 0.07 (SD 0.27)
Strong opioid analgesics: 0.22 (SD 0.59) vs. 0.21 (SD 0.60)
Mean rescue pain medication … use at 6 months:
Mild opioid analgesics: 0.00 (SD 0.06) vs. 0.04 (SD 0.20)
Strong opioid analgesics:
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cannabis-2022-surv-rep-3-table-F5.xlsx
January 01, 2022 - B
Between-cohort differences in discontinuation of strong opioid analgesics: 71.6% vs. 33.8%, p<0.001 … analgesics as an add-on treatment	Mean (SD)
A: 6.2 (2.4) sprays/day (16.74 mg THC/15.5 mg CBD)
B: MME … B
Mean number of background pain medications use at 6 months:
Mild opioid analgesics: 0.02 (SD 0.14) … vs. 0.07 (SD 0.27)
Strong opioid analgesics: 0.22 (SD 0.59) vs. 0.21 (SD 0.60)
Mean rescue pain medication … use at 6 months:
Mild opioid analgesics: 0.00 (SD 0.06) vs. 0.04 (SD 0.20)
Strong opioid analgesics:
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-240-acute-pain-evidence-summary.pdf
December 01, 2020 - • Opioids might be and NSAIDs are probably more effective than acetaminophen 
for surgical dental … pain, but opioids are probably less effective than 
acetaminophen for kidney stone pain … Observational studies on the association between being 
prescribed opioids for acute pain versus no opioids … Other musculoskeletal pain (30 trials): Evidence on opioids versus NSAIDs was 
insufficient. … Opioids and 
NSAIDs were more effective than acetaminophen for pain for surgical dental pain, but 
opioids
                                     
                                                                    - 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/ehc-protocol-acute-pain-treatments.pdf
August 08, 2019 - Opioid prescribing quadrupled from 1999 to 2010; concurrently, the number of opioid 
analgesics deaths … Opioid analgesics—risky drugs, not risky patients. … CDC Guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain--United States, 
2016. … Prescription opioid analgesics commonly unused after surgery: a 
systematic review. … https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/topics/opioids-chronic-pain/protocol.