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1. Revised Protocol - Opioids 12 13 13[1] (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/chronic-pain-opioid-treatment_research-protocol.pdf
   December 19, 2013 - Revised Protocol - Opioids 12 13 13[1] … related to pain, function, quality of life, and doses of opioids used? … , addiction, abuse, or misuse; and doses of opioids used? … Curtailing diversion and abuse of opioid analgesics without jeopardizing pain treatment. … Extended-Release and Long-Acting (ER/LA) Opioid Analgesics Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy

2. Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Opioids, Opioid Misuse and Opioid Use Disorder in Older Adults: Protocol (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/opioids-oa-protocol.pdf
   June 29, 2019 - older adults is, thus, commonly difficult to manage as many older adults are unable to tolerate non-opioid … analgesics (e.g., non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) due to impaired liver or kidney function, … Opioid analgesics and the risk of fractures in older adults with arthritis. … Adverse effects of analgesics commonly used by older adults with osteoarthritis: focus on non-opioid and opioid … analgesics.

3. CER 229 Evidence Summary: Opioid Treatments for Chronic Pain (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-229-opioid-treatments-chronic-pain-evidence-summary.pdf
   April 01, 2020 - used (e.g., pure opioid agonists, partial opioid agonists such as buprenorphine, or drugs with mixed … , partial opioid agonists such as buprenorphine, or drugs with opioid and nonopioid mechanisms of … versus placebo, opioids versus nonopioids, opioids plus nonopioids versus nonopioids alone, and opioids … Harms of opioids vs. … Opioid analgesics and the risk of fractures in older adults with arthritis.

4. Disposition of Comments: Technical Brief 37 Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Opioids, Opioid Misuse, and Opioid Use Disorder in Older Adults (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/tech-brief-37-opiod-use-adults-comments.pdf
   November 03, 2020 - for the shortest duration possible, and co- prescribing opioids with non-opioid analgesics, but not … analgesics are on the order of a maximum of 0.6% (Ref 2). … mortality in patients of any age who are diagnosed and treated for chronic pain with prescription opioid … analgesics, is very low. … “Cohort study of the impact of high-dose opioid analgesics on overdose mortality”.

5. Systematic Review on Opioid Treatments for Chronic Pain: Surveillance Report 2 (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/opioid-chronic-pain-surveillance-report-2.pdf
   April 01, 2022 - Opioids vs. … used (e.g., pure opioid agonists, partial opioid agonists such as buprenorphine, or drugs with mixed … , partial opioid agonists such as buprenorphine, or drugs with opioid and nonopioid mechanisms of action … Efficacy and Safety of Opioid Analgesics for the Management of Chronic Low Back Pain: An Evidence from … Does aerobic exercise training alter responses to opioid analgesics in individuals with chronic low

6. Systematic Review on Opioid Treatments for Chronic Pain: Surveillance Report 3 (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/opioid-chronic-pain-surveillance-report-3.pdf
   June 01, 2022 - used (e.g., pure opioid agonists, partial opioid agonists such as buprenorphine, or drugs with mixed … , partial opioid agonists such as buprenorphine, or drugs with opioid and nonopioid mechanisms of action … Efficacy and Safety of Opioid Analgesics for the Management of Chronic Low Back Pain: An Evidence from … Does aerobic exercise training alter responses to opioid analgesics in individuals with chronic low … COMET - effectiveness and tolerability of methocarbamol versus oral opioid- analgesics as add-on measure

7. Opioid Treatments for Chronic Pain Research Protocol (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/opioid-treatments-chronic-pain-protocol.pdf
   December 19, 2018 - used (e.g., pure opioid agonists, partial opioid agonists such as buprenorphine or drugs with mixed … between pure opioid agonists and partial opioid agonists such as buprenorphine or drugs with opioid … misuse, opioid use disorder, and overdose; and doses of opioids used? … or short- acting opioids (including tapentadol, buprenorphine, and tramadol) opioids Exclude … CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain-- United States, 2016.

8. Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Opioids, Opioid Misuse, and Opioid Use Disorder in Older Adults | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/opioids-older-adults/report

9. Systematic Review on Opioid Treatments for Chronic Pain: Surveillance Report 1 (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/opioids-chronic-pain-surveillance-report-1-final.pdf
   April 01, 2022 - studies (2 new) 2c Opioids vs. non-opioids harms: 13 studies 2d Opioids + non-opioid vs. … used (e.g., pure opioid agonists, partial opioid agonists such as buprenorphine, or drugs with mixed … , partial opioid agonists such as buprenorphine, or drugs with opioid and nonopioid mechanisms of action … Efficacy and Safety of Opioid Analgesics for the Management of Chronic Low Back Pain: An Evidence from … Does aerobic exercise training alter responses to opioid analgesics in individuals with chronic low

10. Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Opioids, Opioid Misuse and Opioid Use Disorder in Older Adults | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/opioids-older-adults/protocol

11. The Effectiveness and Risks of Long-Term Opioid Treatment of Chronic Pain (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/chronic-pain-opioid-treatment_executive.pdf
    September 19, 2014 - Analgesics List.32 We received five SIP submissions. … Curtailing diversion and abuse of opioid analgesics without jeopardizing pain treatment. … Extended-Release and Long-Acting (ER/LA) Opioid Analgesics Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy … A survey of chronic noncancer pain patients prescribed opioid analgesics. … Drug Class Review: Long-Acting Opioid Analgesics: Final Update 6 Report.

12. Topic-Brief2-Opioid-Withdrawal (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/topic-brief2-opioid-withdrawal.pdf
    April 01, 2021 - analgesics, including when to consider tapering, important considerations and steps prior to tapering … Analgesics. … HHS Guide for Clinicians on the Appropriate Dosage Reduction or Discontinuation of Long-Term Opioid … Analgesics. 2019 Oct:1-5. 5. … Opioid analgesics play an essential role in treating pain, and pain management in the context of the

13. Topic-Brief2-Opioid-Withdrawal (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/topic-brief2-opioid-withdrawal.pdf
    April 01, 2021 - analgesics, including when to consider tapering, important considerations and steps prior to tapering … Analgesics. … HHS Guide for Clinicians on the Appropriate Dosage Reduction or Discontinuation of Long-Term Opioid … Analgesics. 2019 Oct:1-5. 5. … Opioid analgesics play an essential role in treating pain, and pain management in the context of the

14. Opioid Treatments for Chronic Pain | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/opioids-chronic-pain/research

15. Opioid Treatments for Chronic Pain | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/opioids-chronic-pain/protocol

16. CER 220 Evidence Summary: Comparative Effectiveness of Analgesics To Reduce Acute Pain in the Prehospital Setting (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-220-analgesics-acute-pain-summary.pdf
    September 01, 2019 - versus ketamine, opioids versus APAP, opioids versus nitrous oxide, opioids versus NSAIDs, combination … Ketamine Opioid+Ketamine Versus Opioid Opioids Versus APAP Opioids Versus Nitrous Oxide Opioids … PO: 1 4 Characteristic Opioids Versus Ketamine Opioid+Ketamine Versus Opioid Opioids Versus … APAP Opioids Versus Nitrous Oxide Opioids Versus NSAIDs Specific drugs (N studies) Morphine: … Combining opioids and ketamine may be more effective than opioids alone, administered primarily IV.

17. Cannabis-2022-Update-Surv-Rep-1-App-F-5 (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cannabis-2022-update-surv-rep-1-app-F-5.xlsx
    January 01, 2022 - B Between-cohort differences in discontinuation of strong opioid analgesics: 71.6% vs. 33.8%, p<0.001 … analgesics as an add-on treatment Mean (SD) A: 6.2 (2.4) sprays/day (16.74 mg THC/15.5 mg CBD) B: MME … B Mean number of background pain medications use at 6 months: Mild opioid analgesics: 0.02 (SD 0.14) … vs. 0.07 (SD 0.27) Strong opioid analgesics: 0.22 (SD 0.59) vs. 0.21 (SD 0.60) Mean rescue pain medication … use at 6 months: Mild opioid analgesics: 0.00 (SD 0.06) vs. 0.04 (SD 0.20) Strong opioid analgesics:

18. Cannabis-2022-Surv-Rep-3-Table-F5 (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cannabis-2022-surv-rep-3-table-F5.xlsx
    January 01, 2022 - B Between-cohort differences in discontinuation of strong opioid analgesics: 71.6% vs. 33.8%, p<0.001 … analgesics as an add-on treatment Mean (SD) A: 6.2 (2.4) sprays/day (16.74 mg THC/15.5 mg CBD) B: MME … B Mean number of background pain medications use at 6 months: Mild opioid analgesics: 0.02 (SD 0.14) … vs. 0.07 (SD 0.27) Strong opioid analgesics: 0.22 (SD 0.59) vs. 0.21 (SD 0.60) Mean rescue pain medication … use at 6 months: Mild opioid analgesics: 0.00 (SD 0.06) vs. 0.04 (SD 0.20) Strong opioid analgesics:

19. Treatments for Acute Pain: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/ehc-protocol-acute-pain-treatments.pdf
    August 08, 2019 - Opioid prescribing quadrupled from 1999 to 2010; concurrently, the number of opioid analgesics deaths … Opioid analgesics—risky drugs, not risky patients. … CDC Guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain--United States, 2016. … Prescription opioid analgesics commonly unused after surgery: a systematic review. … https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/topics/opioids-chronic-pain/protocol.

20. Evidence Summary for Treatments for Acute Pain: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-240-acute-pain-evidence-summary.pdf
    December 01, 2020 - • Opioids might be and NSAIDs are probably more effective than acetaminophen for surgical dental … pain, but opioids are probably less effective than acetaminophen for kidney stone pain … Observational studies on the association between being prescribed opioids for acute pain versus no opioids … Other musculoskeletal pain (30 trials): Evidence on opioids versus NSAIDs was insufficient. … Opioids and NSAIDs were more effective than acetaminophen for pain for surgical dental pain, but opioids