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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cannabis-2023-surv-rep-4-table-E-5.xlsx
January 01, 2023 - Outcomes Functional Outcomes Quality of Life Outcomes Anxiety and Depression Outcomes Sleep Outcomes Opioid … C (reference)
Opioid initiation (adjusted OR): 2.29 (95% CI 0.86 to 6.16)
Opioid discontinuation (adjusted … C (reference)
Opioid initiation (adjusted OR): 1.11 (95% CI 0.36 to 3.49)
Opioid discontinuation (adjusted … B
Between-cohort differences in discontinuation of strong opioid analgesics: 71.6% vs. 33.8%, p<0.001 … use at 6 months:
Mild opioid analgesics: 0.00 (SD 0.06) vs. 0.04 (SD 0.20)
Strong opioid analgesics:
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cannabis-2022-surv-rep-4-table-F5.xlsx
January 01, 2022 - Outcomes Functional Outcomes Quality of Life Outcomes Anxiety and Depression Outcomes Sleep Outcomes Opioid … C (reference)
Opioid initiation (adjusted OR): 2.29 (95% CI 0.86 to 6.16)
Opioid discontinuation (adjusted … C (reference)
Opioid initiation (adjusted OR): 1.11 (95% CI 0.36 to 3.49)
Opioid discontinuation (adjusted … B
Between-cohort differences in discontinuation of strong opioid analgesics: 71.6% vs. 33.8%, p<0.001 … use at 6 months:
Mild opioid analgesics: 0.00 (SD 0.06) vs. 0.04 (SD 0.20)
Strong opioid analgesics:
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cannabis-app-f5-table-surveillance-report-2_0_0.xlsx
May 29, 2025 - Outcomes Functional Outcomes Quality of Life Outcomes Anxiety and Depression Outcomes Sleep Outcomes Opioid … 2021 Matched cohort Canada NR NR Mean 52 55 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 10,746
A: 5373
B: 5373 A: Chronic opioid … Overall absolute effect after medical cannabis authorization: ˗76.5 (˗308.0 to 154.9)
Prescription opioid … C (reference)
Opioid initiation (adjusted OR [95% CI]): 2.29 (0.86 to 6.16)
Opioid discontinuation (adjusted … C (reference)
Opioid initiation (adjusted OR [95% CI]): 1.11 (0.36 to 3.49)
Opioid discontinuation (adjusted
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/Appendix-E-Table-E5_0.xlsx
May 29, 2025 - Outcomes Functional Outcomes Quality of Life Outcomes Anxiety and Depression Outcomes Sleep Outcomes Opioid … 2021 Matched cohort Canada NR NR Mean 52 55 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 10,746
A: 5373
B: 5373 A: Chronic opioid … Overall absolute effect after medical cannabis authorization: ˗76.5 (˗308.0 to 154.9)
Prescription opioid … C (reference)
Opioid initiation (adjusted OR [95% CI]): 2.29 (0.86 to 6.16)
Opioid discontinuation (adjusted … C (reference)
Opioid initiation (adjusted OR [95% CI]): 1.11 (0.36 to 3.49)
Opioid discontinuation (adjusted
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/peripheral-nerve-block-protocol.pdf
November 18, 2023 - have a 2.5-fold higher risk of developing opioid use disorder than those not
discharged with opioid … Opioid-related adverse effects in children
https://www.zotero.org/google-docs/? … Incidence of and Risk Factors for Chronic Opioid Use
Among Opioid-Naive Patients in the Postoperative … Opioid Dependence and Overdose After Surgery: Rate, Risk Factors,
and Reasons. … Chronic Opioid Use After Surgery: Implications for
Perioperative Management in the Face of the Opioid
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/dot-plots-methods.pdf
October 01, 2021 - Dot plot for dichotomous outcomes, opioids versus placebo or no opioid ..................... 3
Figure … For continuous outcomes (opioid review only), the
dataset consisted of: outcome, number of trials, baseline … Dot plot for dichotomous outcomes, opioids versus placebo or no opioid
Note: Pain response indicates … Dot plot for continuous outcomes, opioids versus placebo or no opioid
Abbreviations: CI = confidence … Opioid Treatments for Chronic Pain.
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-250-cannabis-table-e5-2022-update_0.xlsx
January 01, 2022 - Outcomes Functional Outcomes Quality of Life Outcomes Anxiety and Depression Outcomes Sleep Outcomes Opioid … Overall absolute effect after medical cannabis authorization: ˗76.5 (˗308.0 to 154.9)
Prescription opioid … C (reference)
Opioid initiation (adjusted OR [95% CI]): 2.29 (0.86 to 6.16)
Opioid discontinuation (adjusted … C (reference)
Opioid initiation (adjusted OR [95% CI]): 1.11 (0.36 to 3.49)
Opioid discontinuation (adjusted … B
Between-cohort differences in discontinuation of strong opioid analgesics: 71.6% vs. 33.8%, p<0.001
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-250-cannabis-2024-surv-rep-update-table-e5.xlsx
January 01, 2024 - Outcomes Functional Outcomes Quality of Life Outcomes Anxiety and Depression Outcomes Sleep Outcomes Opioid … C (reference)
Opioid initiation (adjusted OR): 2.29 (95% CI 0.86 to 6.16)
Opioid discontinuation (adjusted … C (reference)
Opioid initiation (adjusted OR): 1.11 (95% CI 0.36 to 3.49)
Opioid discontinuation (adjusted … B
Between-cohort differences in discontinuation of strong opioid analgesics: 71.6% vs. 33.8%, p<0.001 … use at 6 months:
Mild opioid analgesics: 0.00 (SD 0.06) vs. 0.04 (SD 0.20)
Strong opioid analgesics:
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/acute-pain-ems-protocol-amendment.pdf
January 28, 2019 - .4-6 Under-
treatment of pain in the prehospital setting paired with the recent focus on optimizing
opioid … and
non-opioid analgesics for the prehospital management of acute pain to support a revision
of the … America’s opioid epidemic: supply and demand
considerations. Anesth Analg. 2017;125:1667-74.
10. … Opioid prescribing in a cross section of US
emergency departments. … Opioid complications and side effects. Pain
Physician. 2018;11:S105-20.
12.
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/nonopioid-pharm-chronic-pain-protocol.pdf
February 01, 2019 - Prescription Opioid Data. 2018.
https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/data/prescribing.html. … Trends in long-term opioid therapy for chronic non-cancer
pain. … Vital signs: overdoses of prescription opioid pain relievers---
United States, 1999--2008. … Opioid prescriptions by U.S. primary care physicians from 1992 to 2001. … Trends in long‐term opioid therapy for chronic non‐cancer
pain.
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-250-cannabis-2025-surv-rep-update-table-e5.xlsx
January 01, 2025 - Outcomes Functional Outcomes Quality of Life Outcomes Anxiety and Depression Outcomes Sleep Outcomes Opioid … C (reference)
Opioid initiation (adjusted OR): 2.29 (95% CI 0.86 to 6.16)
Opioid discontinuation (adjusted … C (reference)
Opioid initiation (adjusted OR): 1.11 (95% CI 0.36 to 3.49)
Opioid discontinuation (adjusted … B
Between-cohort differences in discontinuation of strong opioid analgesics: 71.6% vs. 33.8%, p<0.001 … use at 6 months:
Mild opioid analgesics: 0.00 (SD 0.06) vs. 0.04 (SD 0.20)
Strong opioid analgesics:
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-227-noninvasive-nonpharm-chronic-pain-comments.pdf
April 16, 2020 - treatment, either allowing their pain to worsen or seeking
immediate albeit short-term relief via an opioid … trials where this
actually occurred)
References:
– Richard A Lawhern, PhD, “The CDC’s Fictitious Opioid … , April 15, 2017,
https://www.ncnp.org/journal-of-medicine/1980-the-cdcs-
fictitious-opioid-epidemic-part … There are two concurrent reviews, one on opioids
and the other on non-opioid pharmacologic
treatments … There were no studies meeting our inclusion
criteria that compared acupuncture to opioid use.
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/acute-pain-protocol-amended.pdf
June 10, 2018 - Background and Objectives for the Technical Brief
Addressing the opioid epidemic in the United States … This reemergence primarily results
from the sharp rise in opioid-related deaths in the United States … Opioid related deaths have risen
from 3 deaths per 100,000 people in 2000 to more than 13 per 100,000 … opioids were involved in over 40 percent of all overdose deaths in 2016.1
The urgency of the growing opioid … Opioid Overdose. 2017.
https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/index.html.
2. Institute of Medicine.
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/back-pain-treatment_research_executive.pdf
February 01, 2016 - NSAID No difference 6 RCTs Moderate -- -- --
Opioid vs. … opioid vs. short-acting
opioid
No clear difference* 6 RCTs Low -- -- --
Benzodiazepine (diazepam) … NSAID No difference 6 RCTs Moderate -- -- --
Opioid vs. … opioid vs. short-acting
opioid
No clear difference* 6 RCTs Low -- -- --
Benzodiazepine (diazepam) … opioid vs.
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/hip-fracture-pain_consumer.pdf
May 01, 2011 - Opioid analgesics. Some common names for these drugs are
morphine, codeine, and oxycodone. … Common side effects of opioid analgesics include:
� Nausea, vomiting, and constipation. … before, during, or
after an an operation may ease short-term pain more than the
usual treatment of opioid … may help you avoid “delirium,” or confusion and cloudy thinking,
which can be caused by pain or by opioid … will be
improved or relieved by acupressure, relaxation therapy, or TENS
more than by medicines like opioid
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-report-testing-machine-learning-tool-chronic-pain.pdf
November 01, 2020 - The
Effectiveness and Risks of Long-Term
Opioid Treatment of Chronic Pain. … /
10. opioid*.ti,ab,kw.
11. … Opioid Treatments for Chronic Pain
KQ 1-3 (Treatment)
1. … Opioid Treatments for Chronic Pain
Afilalo M, Etropolski MS, Kuperwasser B, et al. … J Opioid Manag. 2015;11(6):507-518. PMID: 26728648.
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/substance-abuse-horizon-scan-high-impact-1306.pdf
June 01, 2013 - Buprenorphine implant (Probuphine) for treatment of opioid dependence No high-impact potential at this … The buprenorphine implant, Probuphine, developed for treating opioid dependence, uses a new
delivery … Opioid abuse is one of the most common forms of prescription drug abuse. … Opioid dependency
ES-3
management includes medically supervised detoxification and opiate replacement … Available short-acting treatments for opioid dependence (e.g., naltrexone,
methadone, buprenorphine
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/scope-communicating-evolving-evidence-white-paper_0.pdf
June 01, 2025 - In the case of opioids,8 serious potential harms include risk of opioid use disorder and overdose. … 2025
Comparison of VER-01 to Opioids in Patients
With Chronic Non-specific Low Back Pain
VER-01; Opioid … Therapy 350 March 2025
Evaluation of Medical Cannabis and Prescription
Opioid Taper Support for … Opioid Taper
Support (POTS)
250 June 2025
Reducing Pain and Opioid Use With CBD Cannabidiol; Placebo … CBD = cannabidiol; MIRE = Monochromatic Infrared Photo Energy; NR = not reported; POTS = Prescription Opioid
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/nonpharma-treatment-pain_research-protocol-amended.pdf
September 20, 2017 - At the same time, the NPS points to the
“dual crises” of chronic pain and opioid dependence, overdose … The 2016 CDC
Guidelines for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain recommend that non-opioid therapy … Trends in long-term opioid therapy for
chronic non-cancer pain. … Opioid prescriptions by U.S. primary care physicians
from 1992 to 2001. … Vital signs: overdoses of prescription opioid
pain relievers---United States, 1999--2008.
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/hip-fracture-pain.ppt
May 01, 2011 - Systemic opioid analgesics present complications that include alterations in mental status, nausea and … Comparators: usual care (non-narcotic and opioid), and/or other interventions. … Comparators: usual care (non-narcotic and opioid systemic analgesia) and/or other interventions. … , benefits, and harms of the systemic analgesics commonly used in pain management (non-narcotic and opioid … VAS, cm*
(95% CI) Strength of Evidence
Acupressure
(preoperative) Sham control and standard care (opioid