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61. Disposition of Comments: CER 228, Nonopioid Pharmacologic Treatments for Chronic Pain (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-228-nonopioid-pharm-chronic-pain-comments.pdf
    April 16, 2020 - therapy when first prescribing opioid therapy1. … ASRA recognizes that all drugs – opioid and nonopioid – carry risks. … We note that the type, dosage, and duration of any pain treatment, including opioid therapy, is best … Oh, that's right...they can't shed light on our issue because it doesn't fit the anti opioid agenda. … One area that is lacking is a discussion of the evidence behind the non opioid nutraceuticals such as

62. #14 SUBSTANCE ABUSE (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/14_substance_abuse_potential_high_impact_2012-12-11.pdf
    January 01, 2012 - ES-2 Nicotine and Opioid Dependence Interventions ................................................. … Overall high-impact potential: long-acting pharmacotherapy for opioid dependence .................. … For this report, topics that emerged as higher impact focused on treatments for opioid and nicotine …  Key Facts: Opioid abuse is one of the most common forms of prescription drug abuse. … Buprenorphine is a partial opioid agonist that is known to reduce opioid cravings and is U.S.

63. AHRQ Evidence-based Practice Center Program Research Gaps Summary: Primary Care (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/research-gap-primary-care-summary-table.pdf
    March 01, 2022 - and opioid use disorder using standardized methods … associations (e.g., relative risk [RR] >2.0) with long- term opioid use … or higher opioid dose) found mostly strong associations with long-term opioid use … misuse and opioid misuse disorder in older adults … opioid overdose, all-cause death, opioid-related death, and nonopioid-related death).

64. #14 SUBSTANCE ABUSE (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/substance-abuse-horizon-scan-high-impact-1506.pdf
    June 01, 2015 - Overall high-impact potential: Evzio for emergency treatment of opioid overdose by nonclinicians .. … Evzio for Emergency Treatment of Opioid Overdose by Nonclinicians  Key Facts: Fatal opioid overdoses … Responding to opioid overdose. [internet]. Harm Reduction Coalition [accessed 2014 May 02]. … Community-based opioid overdose prevention programs providing naloxone - United States, 2010. … FDA approves new hand-held auto-injector to reverse opioid overdose. [internet].

65. White Paper_Living Systematic Reviews: Examining Excluded Full-Text Articles To Better Understand the Evidence Base on Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/living-systematic-reviews-full-text-articles-white-paper.pdf
    January 01, 2024 - Does integrative medicine reduce prescribed opioid use for chronic pain? … The impact of cannabis access laws on opioid prescribing. … Medical cannabis use reduces opioid prescriptions in patients with Osteoarthritis. … Does integrative medicine reduce prescribed opioid use for chronic pain? … The impact of cannabis access laws on opioid prescribing.

66. CER 220: Disposition of Comments Report for Comparative Effectiveness of Analgesics To Reduce Acute Pain in the Prehospital Setting (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-220-disposition-comments-analgesics-prehospital-setting.pdf
    September 03, 2019 - This was not specific to opioid vs. … Opioid vs. each non- opioid analgesic (APAP, NSAIDs, ketamine, nitrous oxide) were the focus of this … v. non-opioid. … to non- opioid and opioid to opioid comparisons to determine best practice. … If it as stated, opioid to non-opioid as the focus, the sections discussing the latter are distracting

67. Topic-Brief1-Care-Coordination (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/topic-brief1-care-coordination.pdf
    April 01, 2021 - utilization, opioid-related adverse events) … Among opioid-naïve patients admitted to the hospital, 15 to 25 percent fill an opioid prescription in … utilization, opioid-related adverse events). … opioid and/or benzodiazepine prescriptions, new long acting opioid prescriptions, or new dose escalations … nation’s substance use crisis has rapidly evolved beyond an opioid-centric approach.

68. Topic-Brief1-Care-Coordination (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/topic-brief1-care-coordination.pdf
    April 01, 2021 - utilization, opioid-related adverse events) … Among opioid-naïve patients admitted to the hospital, 15 to 25 percent fill an opioid prescription in … utilization, opioid-related adverse events). … opioid and/or benzodiazepine prescriptions, new long acting opioid prescriptions, or new dose escalations … nation’s substance use crisis has rapidly evolved beyond an opioid-centric approach.

69. Disposition of Comments for Management of Suspected Opioid Overdose With Naloxone by Emergency Medical Services Personnel (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-193-disposition-comments-naloxone.pdf
    November 27, 2017 - Disposition of Comments for Management of Suspected Opioid Overdose With Naloxone by Emergency Medical … Management of Suspected Opioid Overdose With Naloxone by Emergency Medical Services Personnel. … responding to opioid overdoses is critical. … responding to opioid overdoses is critical. … Dissemination of Opioid Overdose Education, Naloxone Training and News on Twitter.

70. Disposition of Comments: Peripheral Nerve Blocks for Postoperative Pain Management in Cardiothoracic Surgery: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/peripheral-nerve-blocks-disposition-comments.pdf
    August 15, 2025 - These data on chronic opioid use disorder are NOT accurate. … use disorder in opioid naive patients is in the range of 5-10% (JAMA Cardiol 2020;5(8):889-896)(Br … opioid use. Inevitably, this gets easily confused in reporting. … The authors do a great job reporting the isolated outcomes, i.e. pain scores , opioid use, but for … If there is a reduction of opioid dependence, it’s a significant benefit to the patient.

71. Evidence Summary Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 250: Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-250-cannabis-other-plant-based-treatments-evidence-summary_0.pdf
    October 01, 2021 - event outcomes (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, cognitive deficits) and outcomes on the impact on opioid … serious harms including dependence, addiction, and physiological withdrawal potential.14 The ongoing opioid … and non-opioid medications, is essential to determining the benefit to harm ratio. … Opioid Treatments for Chronic Pain. Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 229. … J Opioid Manag. 2009 Nov-Dec;5(6):341-57. PMID: 20073408. 11.

72. Disposition of Comments: Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 232_Interventions for Breathlessness in Patients With Advanced Cancer (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-232-breathlessness-cancer-comments.pdf
    November 19, 2020 - Page 45: given the lack of RR change with opioid dosing, this is proof the opioid was not adequately … dosed (RR decreases as the CNS dyspnea signal is blunted by the opioid) 18. … For example, standard of care would be to include a stimulant laxative when starting any dose of opioid … We have reworded the opioid statements as per other comments, to be clear that the conclusions about … Please reword to clarify this point as it pertains to opioid use for dyspnea. c.

73. Living Systematic Review on Plant-Based Treatment for Chronic Pain (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/plant-based-treatments-revised-protocol.pdf
    March 29, 2023 - In the United States, prescription of opioid medications for chronic pain more than tripled from 1999 … to 2015.7 This increase was accompanied by marked increases in rates of opioid use disorder and drug … HHS Acting Secretary Declares Public Health Emergency to Address National Opioid Crisis. … Opioid Treatments for Chronic Pain. Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 229. … J Opioid Manag. 2009 Nov- Dec;5(6):341-57. PMID: 20073408. 17.

74. Retention Strategies for Medications for Addiction Treatment in Adults With Opioid Use Disorder | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/retention-strategies-opioid-use-disorder/rapid-research

75. Cannabis-2022-Update-Surv-Rep-1-App-F-5 (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cannabis-2022-update-surv-rep-1-app-F-5.xlsx
    January 01, 2022 - Outcomes Functional Outcomes Quality of Life Outcomes Anxiety and Depression Outcomes Sleep Outcomes Opioid … C (reference) Opioid initiation (adjusted OR): 2.29 (95% CI 0.86 to 6.16) Opioid discontinuation (adjusted … C (reference) Opioid initiation (adjusted OR): 1.11 (95% CI 0.36 to 3.49) Opioid discontinuation (adjusted … B Between-cohort differences in discontinuation of strong opioid analgesics: 71.6% vs. 33.8%, p<0.001 … use at 6 months: Mild opioid analgesics: 0.00 (SD 0.06) vs. 0.04 (SD 0.20) Strong opioid analgesics:

76. Cannabis-2022-Surv-Rep-3-Table-F5 (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cannabis-2022-surv-rep-3-table-F5.xlsx
    January 01, 2022 - Outcomes Functional Outcomes Quality of Life Outcomes Anxiety and Depression Outcomes Sleep Outcomes Opioid … C (reference) Opioid initiation (adjusted OR): 2.29 (95% CI 0.86 to 6.16) Opioid discontinuation (adjusted … C (reference) Opioid initiation (adjusted OR): 1.11 (95% CI 0.36 to 3.49) Opioid discontinuation (adjusted … B Between-cohort differences in discontinuation of strong opioid analgesics: 71.6% vs. 33.8%, p<0.001 … use at 6 months: Mild opioid analgesics: 0.00 (SD 0.06) vs. 0.04 (SD 0.20) Strong opioid analgesics:

77. App-E-Surv-Rept-1-Acute-Pain (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/app-e-surv-rept-1-acute-pain.xlsx
    October 08, 2025 - B Opioid medication use: OR 0.48 (99% CI 0.18 to 1.33) day 1; OR 1.50 (99% CI 0.31 to 7.25) day 7; OR … Results, Pain Results, Function Results, QOL and Satisfaction with Pain Relief Results, Persistent Opioid … Hip arthroscopy Opioid vs. acetaminophen A: Oxycodone 5 mg/acetaminophen 325 mg oral 1-2 tablets every … B Opioid use (mean [SD] tablets): 6.33 (7.1) vs. 5.69 (5.8), p=0.24 Consumed opioids postoperatively: … Rhinoplasty Opioid vs.

78. CER 225: Evidence Summary Interventions for Substance Use Disorders in Adolescents: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-225-substance-abuse-adolescents-evidence-summary%20225%20Substance%20Use%20Adolescents.pdf
    May 01, 2020 - Adolescents, 12 to 25 years of age, with substance use disorders Pharmacological interventions  In opioid … Pharmacologic treatment of opioid use disorder led to a more than 4 times greater likelihood of abstinence … For opioid use disorder, buprenorphine and buprenorphine-naloxone are more effective for the short-term … management of opioid withdrawal if they are tapered over longer periods of time. … In addition, (3) studies of longer term pharmacological treatment of opioid use disorder are needed

79. Acute Treatment for Episodic Migraine: Surveillance Report 2 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/episodic-migraine-surveillance-report-2.pdf
    June 01, 2022 - Opioid Pharmacologic Therapy No new studies addressed the comparative effectiveness or harms of opioid … Opioid Therapy a. … the accuracy of instruments for predicting risk of opioid misuse, opioid use disorder, or overdose? … the effectiveness of instruments for predicting risk of opioid misuse, opioid use disorder, or overdose … Opioid Therapy: KQ1 a-e.

80. Evidence Summary_Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 250_Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain: 2022 Update (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-250-cannabis-evidence-summary-2022-update_0.pdf
    January 01, 2022 - serious harms including dependence, addiction, and physiological withdrawal potential.20 The ongoing opioid … event outcomes (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, cognitive deficits) and outcomes on the impact on opioid … and non-opioid medications, is essential to determining the benefit to harm ratio. … Opioid treatments for chronic pain. Rockville, MD; 2020. 10. … J Opioid Manag. 2009 Nov-Dec;5(6):341-57. doi: 10.5055/jom.2009.0034. PMID: 20073408. 13.