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1. Procedure Manual Appendix VIII. Standardization of Outcome Tables | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/procedure-manual/procedure-manual-appendix-viii-standardization-outcome-tables
   July 01, 2017 - Population: Express this number as per 1,000 persons targeted (e.g., per 1,000 women ages 40 to 49 … For repeated services (e.g., annual fecal occult blood testing), the number of services should be identified … Number identified (with and without the condition). Number treated. … Number needed to screen/treat/counsel: Express in outcome terms (e.g., number needed to screen to … Number needed to counsel to achieve change in behavior should only be provided if it is also provided

2. Evaluation of the Benefits and Harms of Lung Cancer Screening With Low-Dose Computed Tomography: Modeling Study for the USPSTF (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/TVsn4SVh_jtaeqSTyrz-Gp
   March 09, 2021 - Estimated lifetime number of LDCT screenings, false-positive results, biopsies, overdiagnosed cases, … RESULTS Efficient screening programs estimated to yield the most benefits for a given number of screenings … relative to a scenario of no screening, the number of false- positive screening results, the number … The mean number of false-positive results per screened individual ranged from 1.2 to 2.8, the number … The mean (across the CISNET models) number of LDCT screenings appears Figure 2.

3. Modeling Study: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/modeling-study/lung-cancer-screening
   March 09, 2021 - Estimated lifetime number of LDCT screenings, false-positive results, biopsies, overdiagnosed cases, … Outcomes Simulated outcomes included counts of screening examinations, the number and percentage of … gained relative to a scenario of no screening, the number of false-positive screening results, the number … The number of LDCT screenings and deaths averted relative to no screening for each risk factor–based … The mean number of false-positive results per screened individual ranged from 1.2 to 2.8, the number

4. Archived: Modeling Report: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/modeling-report/lung-cancer-screening-december-2013
   July 30, 2013 - screened), number of followup imaging examinations, and number of overdiagnosed lung cancers and radiation-related … screened), number of followup imaging examinations, and number of overdiagnosed lung cancers and radiation-related … To reduce the number of scenarios to consider, we first identified “efficient” programs according to … deaths for the same number of CT screenings. … , and the number of overdiagnosed lung cancers and radiation-related lung cancer deaths.

5. Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/DPq7_eawq-Ts6XLowaTaNA
   November 27, 2018 - Lowell et al did not report number of events per group; the total N analyzed for both groups is 117. … visits; (2) mean number of emergency department visits for accidents, injuries, and ingestions; (3) … number of children seen in the emergency department; (4) number of children seen for acci- dents or injuries … ; (9) mean number of hospital days; and (10) types of in- juries reported among those hospitalized. … of all-cause ED vists; mean number of ED visits for accidents, injuries, and ingestions; and number

6. Colorectal Cancer Screening: An Updated Modeling Study for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/473PPVwoRhapCkN9SC-rue
   May 18, 2021 - MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES Estimated LYG relative to no screening (benefit), lifetime number of colonoscopies … (burden), number of complications from screening (harms), and balance of incremental burden and benefit … The burden of screening was measured by the lifetime number of required colo- noscopies. … of lifetime number of colonoscopies and LYG per 1000 for each screening strategy within a class. … d For SIG + FIT, the number reported is the total number of tests.

7. Benefits and Harms of Computed Tomography Lung Cancer Screening Programs for High Risk Populations (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/RkeQEwKRWULreuWecXG8S-
   July 01, 2013 - Screening harms are expressed as the number of CT screenings required (and percentage of the cohort … ever screened), number of followup imaging examinations, and number of overdiagnosed lung cancers … deaths for the same number of CT screenings. … Composite measures of the number of screenings per lung cancer averted and per life-year gained are … , and the number of overdiagnosed lung cancers and radiation-related lung cancer deaths.

8. Aspirin for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Q4J7tsThw_6nwfB-p-f5Hp
   March 01, 2009 - As indicated, the estimated number of MIs prevented varies with 10-year CHD risk. … The shaded areas indicate the combinations of 10-year CHD risk and age for which the number of harms … than the absolute number of gastrointestinal bleeding events caused increases with age. … As indicated, the estimated number of strokes avoided varies with 10-year stroke risk. … The number of participants in the studies ranged from 2540 to 39 876.

9. Archived: Evidence Summary: Child Maltreatment: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/child-maltreatment-primary-care-interventions-november-2018
   November 27, 2018 - ; (2) mean number of emergency department visits for accidents, injuries, and ingestions; (3) number … (5) number of children seen for injuries or ingestions, and (6) total emergency department visits. … (9) mean number of hospital days; and (10) types of injuries reported among those hospitalized. … of all-cause ED vists; mean number of ED visits for accidents, injuries, and ingestions; and number … c Calculations based on number randomized.

10. Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/XGHwLrLfb_78ymEUwGF6jR
    March 19, 2024 - The evidence was inconclusive for all other outcomes because of the limited number of trials on each … For example, highly specific mea- sures included the number of children with hospital admission as a … of all-cause ED visits23; mean number of ED visits for accidents, injuries, and ingestions23; and number … injury to the neonate (1 study), number of children hospitalized because of child abuse and neglect … hospitalized for ambulatory care–sensitive conditions (1 study), number of children rehospitalized (

11. Uhtgkzvs Bpnj4 G4Fxuay (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/uhtgkZVs_bpNJ4_G4fXUay
    March 01, 2014 - The number needed to screen is based on 3 annual screenings; screening the same sample over a longer … of deaths averted by 75% but increases the number of screening scans by 327%, greatly increasing the … of lung cancer deaths averted, and number of life-years gained. … Harms were measured as the number of total LDCT screenings per 100 000 persons and per person, number … of cases of overdiagnosed lung cancer, and number of radiation-induced lung cancer deaths.

12. Screening for Cervical Cancer in Primary Care: A Decision Analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/HZGtYqL_8u57Gkc6YFctmT
    August 21, 2018 - MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Lifetime number of tests, colposcopies, disease detection, false-positive … Screening Outcomes The model was used to generate a number of outcomes associated with each screening … These measures were calcu- lated as the cumulative number of events or time spent in the dif- ferent … All other strategies were associated with a higher number of colposcopies, especially for cotesting ( … ACOG Practice Bulletin Number 131: screening for cervical cancer.

13. Archived: Falls Prevention in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/falls-prevention-in-older-adults-interventions-2018
    April 17, 2018 - of persons experiencing a fall, reductions in injurious falls, and number of persons experiencing an … The most commonly reported outcomes were falls and number of persons experiencing a fall; half (31/62 … The number of study participants ranged from 55 to 1635, and the mean age ranged from 68 to 88 years. … ) but not others (eg, number of persons experiencing a fall). … Pooled analyses show no effect of vitamin D supplementation on the number of falls or the number of persons

14. Modeling Study: Cervical Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/modeling-study/cervical-cancer-screening
    August 21, 2018 - Main Outcomes and Measures: Lifetime number of tests, colposcopies, disease detection, false-positive … This efficiency ratio was defined as the additional number of colposcopies divided by the additional … of lifetime colposcopies (ie, 645 per 1000 women) but also the lowest number of CIN2 or CIN3 and CIN … ACOG Practice Bulletin Number 131: screening for cervical cancer. … e Total number of colposcopies that did not result in CIN 2, CIN 3, or cancer detection.

15. Modeling Study: Colorectal Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-modeling-study18/colorectal-cancer-screening
    May 18, 2021 - (burden), number of complications from screening (harms), and balance of incremental burden and benefit … The burden of screening was measured by the lifetime number of required colonoscopies. … of lifetime number of colonoscopies and LYG per 1000 for each screening strategy within a class. … In the absence of screening, the model-estimated lifetime number of diagnosed colorectal cancer cases … reported is the total number of tests.

16. Screening for Breast Cancer: An Update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ZcuLSXJZXLz9Y2LECTWqVJ
    November 01, 2009 - Variables include the numbers of positive and negative mammography results and, of these, the number … This corresponds to a number needed to invite for screening to prevent 1 breast cancer death of 1904 … 5000 in each group), and the number needed to screen was not estimable. … The number needed to invite was 1339 (CrI, 322 to 7455). … The number needed to invite was 377 (CrI, 230 to 1050).

17. Estimation of Benefits, Burden, and Harms of Colorectal Cancer Screening Strategies: Modeling Study for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/vw-LTWCTZ_N5pAaydcNQTx
    June 21, 2016 - MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Life-years gained compared with no screening (benefit), lifetime number of … colonoscopies required (burden), lifetime number of colonoscopy complications (harms), and ratios of … When the number of procedures requiring cathartic bowel preparation was used, rather than the number … than the number of procedures requiring cathartic bowel preparation, was Figure 4. … screening, number of colo- noscopies required, and number of CRC deaths averted), they yielded consistent

18. Screening for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adults: A Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ZrLh7o2TpPpY9WXXWbXbGk
    January 01, 2013 - What is the sensitivity and number needed to screen to identify 1 case of HCV infection of different … by the number of HCV cases identified. … strategy, divided by the total number of pa- tients assessed. … of screening tests performed/number of HCV cases identified. … What is the sensitivity and number needed to screen to identify 1 case of HCV infection of different

19. Evaluating Test Strategies for Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Decision Analysis (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/UPu84CV2CNuxR8kpVU6e3V
    November 01, 2008 - Outcome Measures: Number of life-years gained compared with no screening and number of colonoscopies … 9 www.annals.org strategies provided more life-years with the same number of colonoscopies. … We conducted this analysis separately for each of the 5 basic screening strategies because the number … We looked at the incremental number of colonoscopies relative to the life- years gained to determine … www.annals.org 4 November 2008 Annals of Internal Medicine Volume 149 • Number 9 W-127

20. Archived: Aspirin for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/aspirin-for-the-prevention-of-cardiovascular-disease-preventive-medication-2009
    March 15, 2009 - Figure 2 2 , 3 shows the estimated number of myocardial infarctions prevented according to coronary … Figure 4 shows the estimated number of strokes prevented according to stroke risk level in women age … It also shows that the stroke risk level at which the absolute number of strokes prevented is greater … than the absolute number of gastrointestinal bleeding events caused increases with age. … As indicated, the estimated number of strokes avoided varies with 10-year stroke risk.