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1. Comparative Effectiveness of Terbutaline Pump for the Prevention of Preterm Birth | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/preterm-birth-terbutaline-pump/research-protocol
   December 01, 2019 - Tocolytic therapy is aimed at arresting preterm labor with the goal of reducing neonatal morbidity and … mortality by prolonging pregnancy without causing significant maternal or neonatal side effects. … health outcomes, and maternal and neonatal harms. … Question 4: increase the neonatal harms of hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, and ileus? … All information available on neonatal outcomes will be assessed.

2. Screening and Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/gestational-diabetes-screening-diagnosis/research
   December 01, 2019 - Key outcomes included preeclampsia, maternal weight gain, birth injury, shoulder dystocia, neonatal hypoglycemia … significantly fewer cases of preeclampsia, cesarean section, shoulder dystocia and/or birth injury, clinical neonatal … Fewer cases of neonatal hypoglycemia were found among patient groups without GDM compared with those … Low evidence showed no difference for neonatal hypoglycemia between treated and untreated GDM. … Current evidence does not show that treatment of GDM has an effect on neonatal hypoglycemia or future

3. Progestogens-Preterm-Birth Executive (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/progestogens-preterm-birth_executive.pdf
   September 01, 2012 - Average neonatal care costs are estimated to be $17,300 greater for preterm infants relative to term … • Postpartum and neonatal complications (e.g., maternal postpartum hemorrhage and intraventricular … • Postpartum and neonatal complications (e.g., infections and sepsis)? • Longer term outcomes? … Maternal, Fetal, and Neonatal Health Outcomes Forty-six articles from 41 study populations provide … The trials found benefit in preventing prematurity and neonatal mortality from preterm birth, while

4. Terbutaline Pump for the Prevention of Preterm Birth | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/preterm-birth-terbutaline-pump/research
   December 01, 2019 - RPTL and twin gestation, the strength of evidence favoring the pump over oral tocolytics is low for neonatal … showed the benefit of the SQ terbutaline pump for other surrogate outcomes, such as birth weight and neonatal … Absent or inconclusive evidence addressed all other neonatal health outcomes, neonatal harms, maternal

5. Progestogens for Prevention of Preterm Birth | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/progestogens-preterm-birth/research
   December 01, 2019 - In this population, progestogens also reduced neonatal death (OR=0.52, 95% BCI: 0.25, 0.96). … Evidence of benefit for other maternal, fetal, or neonatal health outcomes is inconsistent or absent. … Across RCTs (n=15), no formulation was effective at reducing risk for neonatal mortality, but all were … Across indications, data are sparse to evaluate influence on near-term outcomes such as neonatal mortality

6. Evidence Report on the (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/preterm-birth-terbutaline-pump_research-protocol.pdf
   October 18, 2010 - Tocolytic therapy is aimed at arresting preterm labor with the goal of reducing neonatal morbidity and … mortality by prolonging pregnancy without causing significant maternal or neonatal side effects. … health outcomes, and maternal and neonatal harms. … All information available on neonatal outcomes will be assessed. … KQ4: increase the neonatal harms of hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, and ileus?

7. Progestogens for the Prevention of Preterm Birth | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/progestogens-preterm-birth/research-protocol
   December 01, 2019 - Mean neonatal costs are estimated to be $17,300 (in 2004 dollars) greater for preterm infants relative … more than $2 billion. 10 The ultimate goal in preventing preterm birth is to eliminate the risks of neonatal … Mode of birth and complications during birth (e.g., unanticipated maternal harms) Postpartum and neonatal … Outcomes for each Key Question Fetal/neonatal outcomes: Gestational age at birth, including preterm … sepsis Patent ductus arteriosis Neonatal mortality Neurodevelopmental delay or disability at followup

8. Executive Summary_Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 253: Maternal and Child Outcomes Associated With the Special Supplemental Nutritional Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-253-maternal-child-outcomes-wic-executive-summary.pdf
   April 01, 2022 - Nutritional Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Evidence Summary Main Points Maternal and Neonatal … evidence was insufficient to determine whether maternal WIC participation was associated with decreased neonatal … mortality, morbidity, anemia, mode of delivery, weight status, healthcare utilization, health behaviors), neonatal … birth outcomes (fetal death, stillbirth and neonatal mortality, gestational age, birth weight, small … studies), developmental risk (1 study), or academic achievement (1 study) KQ = Key Question; NICU = neonatal

9. Labor Dystocia | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/labor-dystocia/research-protocol
   August 01, 2020 - Prolonged labor may increase the risk for maternal and neonatal infection, fetal distress, neonatal asphyxia … , CPAP, intubation/ventilatory support) Meconium aspiration syndrome Neonatal infection/sepsis … abnormalities (including cerebral palsy) Admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) >24 hours … Defining an abnormal first stage of labor based on maternal and neonatal outcomes. … Contemporary patterns of spontaneous labor with normal neonatal outcomes.

10. Preterm-Birth-Terbutaline-Pump Surveillance (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/preterm-birth-terbutaline-pump_surveillance.pdf
    January 30, 2013 - Key Question 4: increase the neonatal terbutaline-related harms of hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, and ileus … Neonatal harms data were very sparse. … No studies reported neonatal hypocalcemia or ileus. … Neonatal harms data were very sparse. … No studies reported neonatal hypocalcemia or ileus.

11. Preterm-Birth-Terbutaline-Pump Surveillance (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/preterm-birth-terbutaline-pump_surveillance.pdf
    January 30, 2013 - Key Question 4: increase the neonatal terbutaline-related harms of hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, and ileus … Neonatal harms data were very sparse. … No studies reported neonatal hypocalcemia or ileus. … Neonatal harms data were very sparse. … No studies reported neonatal hypocalcemia or ileus.

12. labor-dystocia-protocol-amended-160728 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/labor-dystocia_research-protocol.pdf
    July 28, 2016 - Prolonged labor may increase the risk for maternal and neonatal infection, fetal distress, neonatal … § Shoulder dystocia § Birth trauma (including brachial plexus injury) § Long-term neonatal health … and developmental abnormalities (including cerebral palsy) § Admission to neonatal intensive care … Defining an abnormal first stage of labor based on maternal and neonatal outcomes. … Contemporary patterns of spontaneous labor with normal neonatal outcomes.

13. Antidepressant Treatment of Depression During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/depression-pregnancy-postpartum/research
    December 01, 2019 - higher risk of respiratory distress than neonates of untreated women but that risk of preterm birth or neonatal … Direct evidence on the risk of major malformations and neonatal development with exposure to antidepressants … evidence suggest that future research should focus on the comparative risk of congenital anomalies and neonatal

14. Layout 1 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/preterm-birth-terbutaline-pump_executive.pdf
    September 01, 2011 - Although overall rates of neonatal mortality continue to decline, infants born too early are at risk … Clinical endpoints, which included neonatal health outcomes and maternal/neonatal harms, were assessed … Harms (Key Question 4) Neonatal harms data were very sparse. … No studies reported neonatal hypocalcemia or ileus. … The evidence was inconclusive for all other neonatal health outcomes, neonatal harms, maternal harms,

15. Evidence Summary: Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 238: Cervical Ripening (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-238-cervical-ripening-evidence-summary.pdf
    March 01, 2021 - single-balloon catheters (30–50 ml fill) were not significantly different for cesarean delivery, fetal/neonatal … there was insufficient evidence on time from admission to vaginal birth, perinatal mortality, fetal/neonatal … laceration plus cephalohematoma; authors did not report which specific injuries occurred in which group) d Neonatal … We also found no indications of important signals of increased risk of fetal/neonatal and maternal harms

16. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/progestogens-preterm-birth_research-protocol.pdf
    June 01, 2010 - Mean neonatal costs are estimated to be $17,300 (in 2004 dollars) greater for preterm infants relative … more than $2 billion.10 The ultimate goal in preventing preterm birth is to eliminate the risks of neonatal … Source: www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov Published Online: April 15, 2010 4 • Postpartum and neonatal … Outcomes for each Key Question Fetal/neonatal outcomes: • Gestational age at birth, including preterm … sepsis • Patent ductus arteriosis • Neonatal mortality • Neurodevelopmental delay or disability at

17. Management of Primary Headaches in Pregnancy | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/headaches-pregnancy/research
    June 01, 2022 - or infant death Outcome Intervention Comparison Studies Subjects Finding SOE   Neonatal or infant death … or infant death Outcome Intervention Comparison SRs/Studies Finding SOE   Neonatal or infant death NSAIDS … : indomethacin none 1/15 No increased risk of neonatal death low Neonatal or infant death NSAIDS: low-dose … or infant death Outcome Intervention Comparison SRs/Studies Finding SOE   Neonatal or infant death Calcium … channel blockers: any none 1/5 No increased risk low Neonatal or infant death Calcium channel blockers

18. CER 226: Evidence summary_Labor Dystocia (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/Evidence%20Summary_2.pdf
    May 01, 2020 - R 2 Prolonged labor may increase the risk for maternal and neonatal infection, fetal distress, neonatal … setting) Neonatal Outcomes – Acidemia 1 RCT24 (1,929) No difference: No difference in neonatal … Low (one study) Neonatal Outcomes – Neonatal Death, major birth injury, respiratory distress transient … Low (one study) Neonatal Outcomes – Neonatal Acidemia 1 RCT167 (2,404) Improvement with immediate … Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. 2018;31(17):2237-44.

19. Antenatal Care | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/get-involved/nominated-topics/antenatal-care
    December 01, 2020 - What is the relationship between fewer than “routine” antenatal care visits and maternal/fetal/neonatal … What is the relationship between frequency of antenatal care visits and maternal/fetal/neonatal outcomes … versus routine frequency or spacing of visits Outcomes: maternal morbidity, maternal mortality, fetal/neonatal

20. Cervical Ripening in the Outpatient Setting | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/cervical-ripening/research
    March 01, 2022 - single-balloon catheters (30–50 ml fill) were not significantly different for cesarean delivery, fetal/neonatal … there was insufficient evidence on time from admission to vaginal birth, perinatal mortality, fetal/neonatal … The frequency of cesarean delivery (2 RCTs, 4 cohort studies) or suspected neonatal sepsis (2 RCTs) was … In women with low-risk pregnancies, the risk of cesarean delivery and fetal, neonatal, or maternal harms