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81. Draft Research Plan: Breast Cancer: Medication to Reduce Risk | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/breast-cancer-medication-use-reduce-risk
    December 28, 2023 - is the effectiveness of risk-reducing medications on primary invasive breast cancer, breast cancer mortality … , all-cause mortality, and quality of life?       … negative breast cancer that is more prevalent among Black women and associated with higher breast cancer mortality … Incidence of primary invasive breast cancer (including tumor receptor status) and DCIS; breast cancer mortality … ; all-cause mortality; and quality of life KQ 2 (Harms): Adverse quality of life and health outcomes

82. Recommendation: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-screening
    May 10, 2022 - disease, composed mainly of COPD, is the sixth leading cause of death in the US. 3 , 4 Age-adjusted death … rates for COPD are higher in men than women. … However, over the last 20 years, the age-adjusted death rate has been declining in men while remaining … rates from chronic lower respiratory disease (mostly COPD) are highest in White adults, followed by … No studies showed that treatment reduced cardiovascular morbidity or mortality or all-cause mortality

83. Screening for Ovarian Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/zHvENvrSUeZh6gFPUK_37c
    February 13, 2018 - rate of 7.4 deaths per 100 000 women.1 In 2017, it is es- timated that 22 440 new cases of ovarian cancer … rates from ovarian cancer vary by stage at diagnosis; 5-year survival rates range from 92.5% for localized … None of the studies found that screening significantly reduced ovarian cancer mortality. … After a median follow-up of 11.1 years, ovarian cancer mortality (which includes mortality from primary … No difference was found in ovarian cancer mortality, which includes primary peritoneal cancer mortality

84. Final Research Plan: Breast Cancer: Medication to Reduce Risk | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/breast-cancer-medication-use-reduce-risk
    March 21, 2024 - What is the effectiveness of risk-reducing medications on primary breast cancer, breast cancer mortality … , all-cause mortality, and quality of life?     … negative breast cancer that is more prevalent among Black women and associated with higher breast cancer mortality … Incidence of primary invasive breast cancer (including tumor receptor status) and DCIS; breast cancer mortality … ; all-cause mortality; and global measures of quality of life KQ 2 (Harms): Adverse effects, including

85. Screening for Bladder Cancer: Clinical Summary of U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/p8huvc8UM4WfAnrNAzYnXS
    inadequate evidence that treatment of screen-detected bladder cancer leads to improved morbidity or mortality … preventable burden: early detection of tumors with malignant potential could have an important impact on the mortality … rate of bladder cancer.

86. Draft Research Plan: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/prostate-cancer-screening-adults
    October 12, 2023 - screening for prostate cancer vs. no screening or usual care on short- or long-term prostate cancer mortality … , incidence of metastatic prostate cancer, all-cause mortality, quality of life, and function?     … , incidence of metastatic prostate cancer, all-cause mortality, quality of life, and function?     … Mortality results from a randomized prostate-cancer screening trial. … Screening and prostate-cancer mortality in a randomized European study.

87. Final Research Plan: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-preventive-medication
    May 14, 2020 - patients without known cardiovascular disease (CVD) reduce CVD and colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality … , or all-cause mortality? … What is the effect of aspirin discontinuation on CVD, CRC, all-cause mortality, and bleeding outcomes … Category Included Excluded Aim Primary prevention of CVD, CRC, and/or all-cause mortality … KQ 1: Myocardial infarction, stroke, death from myocardial infarction or stroke, CRC incidence, CRC mortality

88. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Carotid Artery Stenosis: Screening, December 2007 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary11/carotid-artery-stenosis-screening-december-2007
    December 15, 2007 - Thirty-day stroke and death rates from carotid endarterectomy vary from 2.7% to 4.7% in RCTs; higher … Summary of Study Results The 30-day perioperative stroke or death rates in asymptomatic persons in … One Veterans Affairs study showed a perioperative stroke or death rate of 1.6%. 35 The systematic review … of 103 studies found an overall stroke and death rate at 30 days of 3.0% in studies published since … Secular trends in cardiovascular disease mortality, incidence, and case fatality rates in adults in the

89. Procedure Manual Section 4. Evidence Review Development | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/procedure-manual/procedure-manual-section-4-evidence-review-development
    June 22, 2025 - When a condition is a common cause of mortality, all-cause mortality is the desirable health outcome … However, few preventive interventions have a measurable effect on all-cause mortality. … may not decline, even when cause-specific mortality is reduced. … though the intervention reduces cause-specific mortality. … over reasonable time frames for a study because the force of mortality is so large at this age.

90. Evidence Summary: Ovarian Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/ovarian-cancer-screening
    February 13, 2018 - Main Outcomes and Measures: Ovarian cancer mortality, false-positive screening results and surgery, … No trial found a significant difference in ovarian cancer mortality with screening. … Based on data from 2010-2014, the estimated annual incidence rate was 11.4 per 100,000 and the mortality … rate was 7.4 per 100,000, with a projected 14,080 deaths from ovarian cancer in 2017. 1 , 2 More than … United States Cancer Statistics (USCS): 1999-2014 cancer incidence and mortality data.

91. Archived: Evidence Summary: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary43/prostate-cancer-screening-2012
    October 07, 2011 - ; RR, 0.52 [CI, 0.37 to 0.73] for all-cause mortality). … It did not report prostate cancer–specific mortality. … rate of 0.5% in Medicare claimants 60 ; 3 other large observational studies reported similar findings … CI, 0.59–2.5) 5-y mortality: 21/158 (13%) vs. 147/378 (39%); HR, 0.71 (CI, 0.4–1.4) 10-y mortality … Mortality results from a randomized prostate-cancer screening trial.

92. Evidence Summary: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-preventive-medication
    April 26, 2022 - mortality. … all-cause mortality? … CVD Mortality. … All-Cause Mortality. … CRC Mortality.

93. Archived: Final Research Plan: Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan98/statin-use-in-adults-preventive-medication-november-2016
    May 02, 2014 - or all-cause mortality? … or all-cause mortality? … or all-cause mortality? … or all-cause mortality in asymptomatic adults age 40 years or older without prior cardiovascular disease … ; all-cause mortality KQ 2: Harms associated with the screening process (e.g., false-positives

94. Archived: Brief Evidence Summary: Bladder Cancer in Adults: Screening, 2004 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/brief-evidence-summary/bladder-cancer-screening-2004
    June 07, 2004 - men. 3 Men are 2.5 times more likely to be diagnosed with bladder cancer than women; age-adjusted mortality … rates from bladder cancer are similarly higher for men than for women. … Key Question 1: Is there direct evidence that screening for bladder cancer reduces morbidity or mortality … home screening with a chemical reagent strip to effect earlier detection and reduce bladder cancer mortality … Since these cancers may or may not progress to clinically significant morbidity or mortality, such direct

95. Screening for Bladder Cancer: A Brief Evidence Update (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/NZcLsqV-5K7hyfot-qHQp9
    November 01, 2004 - black men.3 Men are 2.5 times more likely to be diagnosed with bladder cancer than women; age-adjusted mortality … rates from bladder cancer are similarly higher for men than for women. … Is there direct evidence that screening for bladder cancer reduces morbidity or mortality? … home screening with a chemical reagent strip to effect earlier detection and reduce bladder cancer mortality … Does treatment of early-stage bladder cancer reduce morbidity and mortality from this disease?

96. Evidence Summary: Aspirin Use to Prevent Preeclampsia and Related Morbidity and Mortality: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/low-dose-aspirin-use-for-the-prevention-of-morbidity-and-mortality-from-preeclampsia-preventive-medication
    September 28, 2021 - Fifteen trials reported perinatal mortality (n = 15,527). … https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternal-mortality/pregnancy-mortality-surveillance-system.htm … Pregnancy-related mortality in the United States, 2011-2013. … Maternal mortality from preeclampsia/eclampsia. … Reducing disparities in severe maternal morbidity and mortality.

97. Final Research Plan: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/hypertensive-disorders-pregnancy-screening
    September 02, 2021 - used to identify hypertensive disorders of pregnancy for reducing maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality … How do racism and social inequalities contribute to existing inequities in morbidity and mortality from … For example, what accounts for higher mortality from hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among Black … Are there effective interventions that could redress existing inequities in morbidity and mortality from … intravascular coagulation Longer-term health consequences from complications of pregnancy Maternal mortality

98. Effects of Mammography Screening Under Different Screening Schedules: Model Estimates of Potential Benefits and Harms (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/r3f2G_ReqS8tN48szHPCxt
    November 01, 2009 - Rates of overdiagnosis were higher for DCIS than for invasive disease, proportionately affecting younger … Updated mortality results and new insights from long-term follow-up. … Effect of screening and adjuvant therapy on mortality from breast cancer. … A stochastic model for predicting the mortality of breast cancer. … Mammog- raphy surveillance and mortality in older breast cancer survivors.

99. Aspirin for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events: A Summary of the Evidence (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/xUc_vXf7323faUQY7SePhT
    January 01, 2002 - in the United States.1 In 1997, the age-adjusted mortality rate due to coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular … CHD mortality. We also examined the effect of aspirin on CHD mortality. … Cumulative CHD mortality rates in the placebo group were low, ranging from 0.15% in HOT to 2.7% in BMD … rates. … Five-year mortality rates in the control groups of the individual trials ranged from 2% to 10%.

100. Final Research Plan: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/prostate-cancer-screening-adults
     December 21, 2023 - , incidence of metastatic prostate cancer, all-cause mortality, quality of life, and function?     … , incidence of metastatic prostate cancer, all-cause mortality, quality of life, and function?     … ; all-cause mortality; prostate cancer–specific morbidity (i.e., bone pain from metastases and urinary … Mortality results from a randomized prostate-cancer screening trial. … Screening and prostate-cancer mortality in a randomized European study.