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441. Using Aspirin for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/4fdC2JLwP_um_yZe4WZRaa
     April 01, 2009 - Aspirin use in women y 17% relative risk reduction for strokes y No effect on MI or all-cause mortality … Aspirin use in men y 32% relative risk reduction for MI y No effect on stroke or all-cause mortality

442. Emerging Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease: A Summary of Systematic Reviews Conducted for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/wdxHdZ2U5ggjuNW-nwun8n
     October 01, 2009 - Dental disease and risk of coronary heart disease and mortality. BMJ. 1993;306:688-91. … White blood cell count and the risk of coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality in elderly men. … Fasting blood glucose and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and all- cause mortality: a 17-year … Coronary heart disease mortality, plasma homocysteine, and B-vitamins: a prospective study. … Mortality over a period of 10 years in patients with peripheral arterial disease.

443. Archived: Tobacco Use Prevention: Counseling, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/tobacco-use-prevention-counseling-1996
     January 01, 1996 - rates respiratory symptoms such as cough, sputum production, and wheezing and infections such as bronchitis … Cigarette smoking—attributable mortality and years of potential life lost — United States, 1990. … Heart disease mortality in nonsmokers living with smokers. … Mortality trends for selected smoking-related cancers and breast cancer—United States, 1950-90. … Mortality rates after 10. 5 years for participants in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial: findings

444. Archived: Final Evidence Review: Hepatitis C: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-review49/hepatitis-c-screening-2013
     November 15, 2012 - Does screening for HCV infection in nonpregnant adults without known abnormal liver enzymes reduce mortality … Clinical outcomes were mortality, end-stage liver disease, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, need … rates of 0% to 0.2% and major complications (primarily bleeding) in 0.3% to 1.0% 51-55 , consistent … The increasing burden of mortality from viral hepatitis in the United States between 1999 and 2007. … Reduced mortality rates following elective percutaneous liver biopsies.

445. Draft Research Plan: Chronic Kidney Disease: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/chronic-kidney-disease-screening
     January 19, 2023 - dyslipidemia) Comparisons not described as included Outcomes KQs 1, 4, 7: All-cause mortality … Cardiovascular mortality Myocardial infarction (any, fatal, or nonfatal) Stroke (any, fatal, or

446. Recommendation: Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-counseling-adults-with-high-risk-of-cvd
     November 24, 2020 - Behavioral weight loss interventions to prevent obesity-related morbidity and mortality in adults (B … recommendation); 14 behavioral weight loss interventions to prevent obesity-related morbidity and mortality … Twenty-nine trials reported on patient health outcomes such as CVD events, mortality, or quality of life … Eighteen trials of medium- to high-intensity interventions reported on all-cause mortality. … Behavioral weight loss interventions to prevent obesity-related morbidity and mortality in adults: US

447. Final Recommendation Statement: Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/RecommendationStatementFinal/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-counseling-adults-with-high-risk-of-cvd
     November 24, 2020 - national guidelines for a healthy diet 2 and physical activity 3 have lower cardiovascular morbidity and mortality … recommendation); 14 behavioral weight loss interventions to prevent obesity-related morbidity and mortality … Twenty-nine trials reported on patient health outcomes such as CVD events, mortality, or quality of life … Eighteen trials of medium- to high-intensity interventions reported on all-cause mortality. … Behavioral weight loss interventions to prevent obesity-related morbidity and mortality in adults: US

448. Individualizing Cancer Screening in Older Adults | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/individualizing-cancer-screening-older-adults
     March 01, 2021 - in shared decisionmaking around screening. 7  A recent systematic review of prognostic indices for mortality … In older populations, mortality benefits may be less than for younger counterparts, screening tests themselves … The impact of health behaviors on mortality was greater for those older than age 65 years than for those … preference-based measures providing a single summary HRQL score, thereby integrating all effects on mortality … Combined impact of health behaviours and mortality in men and women: the EPIC-Norfolk prospective population

449. Screening and Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Reduce Unhealthy Alcohol Use in Adolescents and Adults: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/RwHjq3L5fN5gdWsp_sSwA3
     August 02, 2018 - Services Task Force IMPORTANCE Excessive alcohol use is one of the most common causes of premature mortality … drinking to alcohol use disorder, that result in increased risk for health consequences) morbidity, mortality … approaches; the effectiveness of counseling interventions to reduce unhealthy alcohol use, morbidity, mortality … Reduction of alcohol consumption and subsequent mortality in alcohol use disorders: systematic review … Magnitude of alcohol-related mortality and morbidity among U.S. college students ages 18-24: changes

450. Archived: Evidence Summary: High Blood Pressure in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary19/high-blood-pressure-in-adults-screening-monitoring-october-2015
     December 22, 2014 - Superiority of ambulatory over clinic blood pressure measurement in predicting mortality: the Dublin … Ambulatory blood pressure and mortality: a population-based study. Hypertension . 2005;45:499-504. … Home blood pressure measurement has a stronger predictive power for mortality than does screening blood … Results were inconsistently significant for cardiac events, CHF, and all-cause mortality. … Does screening for high blood pressure reduce cardiovascular disease and mortality in adults aged 18

451. Archived: Alcohol Misuse: Screening and Behavioral Counseling Interventions in Primary Care | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/alcohol-misuse-screening-and-behavioral-counseling-interventions-in-primary-care-2013
     May 15, 2013 - Alcohol misuse has also been implicated as a major factor in morbidity and mortality as a result of trauma … of 6 studies did not find a significant effect of behavioral counseling interventions on all-cause mortality … (rate ratio, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.22 to 1.2]), although findings generally trended favorably for the intervention … However, because none of the studies were designed or powered to detect a difference in mortality, it … supports an association between increasing alcohol consumption and increased risk for morbidity and mortality

452. Screening for Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Service Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/TkWNoq6KQb3SoZ54gscLCQ
     July 25, 2016 - directly evaluated the effects of screening for HBV infection vs no screening on clinical outcomes such as mortality … Clinical outcomes were mortality or morbidity (cirrhosis, hepa- tocellular cancer, quality of life, HBV … carcinoma in 4 trials,17,22,23,25 and 8 deaths in 3 trials23,25,31 (2 other trials that re- ported mortality … The composite clini- cal outcomes consisted of various combinations of mortality, hepa- tocellular carcinoma … Although antiviral therapy was associated with decreased risk of mortality, the estimate was based on

453. Archived: Healthy Diet and Physical Activity: Counseling for CVD Prevention in Adults | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-counseling-for-cvd-prevention-in-adults-2012
     June 15, 2012 - Weight Loss to Prevent Obesity-Related Morbidity and Mortality … guidelines for a healthful diet 1 and physical activity 2 have lower cardiovascular morbidity and mortality … evidence that medium- to high-intensity behavioral counseling interventions directly decrease rates of mortality … weight, and body mass index [BMI] and increased glucose tolerance); and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality … More important, no differences occurred in major CVD events or mortality after 8 years 6 .

454. Primary Care–Relevant Interventions to Prevent Opioid Use Disorder: Current Research and Evidence Gaps (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/prevention-of-opioid-user-disorder-ehc-tech-brief.pdf
     May 14, 2021 - and 31,335 involved synthetic opioids (other than methadone).12 From 2017 to 2018, opioid-involved death … rates decreased 2.0 percent; including among females, persons ages 15 to 34 and 45 to 54, and non-Hispanic … rates for natural and semisynthetic opioids such as hydrocodone and oxycodone from 1999–2010 has begun … to level off, the rapid increase in mortality rates associated with synthetic opioids like fentanyl … The burden of opioid-related mortality in the United States.

455. Evidence Summary: Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary29/obstructive-sleep-apnea-in-adults-screening
     November 15, 2022 - in sleep-related and general health–related QOL but have not established whether treatment reduces mortality … Severe OSA (AHI ≥ 30) is associated with increased all-cause mortality. 9 , 10 In 2017, the US Preventive … Mortality. … The majority (28 RCTs) reported mortality rates at 24 weeks or less, and most of these (25 RCTs) reported … Two reported on mortality over a median duration of 4 to 5 years; 1 (n = 723) reported 8 deaths in the

456. Research Gaps for Interventions to Prevent Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Evidence Gaps Research Taxonomy Table (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/-YHCmR_8bdShSaMTx6Mrgx
     feasible or referable Compare multifactorial assessment and KQ1 (benefits): • Falls • Mortality … unsupervised, individual or group) • Multifactorial assessment and KQ1 (benefits): • Falls • Mortality

457. Archived: Evidence Summary: NSAIDs: Aspirin/NSAIDs for Prevention of Colorectal Cancer: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-nsaids/aspirin-nsaids-for-prevention-of-colorectal-cancer-preventive-medication-2007
     March 15, 2007 - no statistically significant differences in all-cause mortality between different NSAIDs or between … rates were similar between rofecoxib (0.5%) and naproxen (0.4%) in the Vioxx Gastrointestinal Outcomes … A population-based cohort study of mortality among users of ibuprofen in Denmark. … Data are standardized mortality ratios (95% CI). c. … NA = not applicable; SMR = standardized mortality ratio.

458. Screening for Ovarian Cancer: Review (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/cTa7Hs56-yj4kCr7yXLdRm
     July 01, 1994 - There is currently no direct evidence that mortality from ovarian cancer would be decreased by screening … Despite new treatment reg­ imens, mortality from ovarian cancer has decreased only slightly in the past … ovarian cancer, early detection through screening has become an attractive approach to decreas­ ing mortality … Although ovarian can­ cer is an important cause of cancer mortality, its inci­ dence and prevalence are … Whether screen detection would result in a decrease in mortality is un­ known.

459. Procedure Manual Section 3. Topic Work Plan Development | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/procedure-manual/procedure-manual-section-3-topic-work-plan-development
     June 22, 2025 - Data on the incidence/prevalence, complications, morbidity, and mortality of the condition of interest … questions (whether the Papanicolaou test detects early disease and whether early detection reduces mortality … screening test, treatment with a drug) and outcomes (e.g., detection of a disease, reduced morbidity and mortality … For example, reducing an individual's alcohol consumption decreases mortality related to car crashes … the preventive service delivery, the Task Force considers data on both all-cause and cause-specific mortality

460. Archived: Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2) in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/diabetes-mellitus-type-2-in-adults-screening-2008
     June 15, 2008 - Diabetes is a leading cause of blindness, renal disease, and amputation and leads to increased mortality … below conventional target values reduces the incidence of cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality … with ramipril (regardless of whether they have hypertension) reduces CVD events by 22% and all-cause mortality … Glycated haemoglobin, diabetes, and mortality in men in Norfolk cohort of european prospective investigation … Relationship of clinical diabetes and asymptomatic hyperglycemia to risk of coronary heart disease mortality