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241. Final Research Plan: Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/tobacco-use-in-adults-and-pregnant-women-counseling-and-interventions
     July 12, 2018 - Do tobacco cessation interventions improve mortality … underlying population) Outcomes KQ 1 (health and other outcomes) Health outcomes: All-cause mortality … Tobacco-related mortality Tobacco-related morbidity (including, but not limited to: cancer, asthma … cardiovascular disease, chronic bronchitis, or other respiratory disorders) Maternal and perinatal morbidity/mortality

242. Archived: Final Research Plan: Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Women: Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan88/tobacco-use-in-adults-and-pregnant-women-counseling-and-interventions-september-2015
     February 18, 2014 - Do tobacco cessation interventions improve mortality … population) Outcomes KQ 1: Health and other outcomes Health outcomes: All-cause mortality … Tobacco-related mortality Tobacco-related morbidity (including, but not limited to … cardiovascular disease, chronic bronchitis, or other respiratory disorders) Perinatal morbidity/mortality

243. Evidence Summary: Weight Loss to Prevent Obesity-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Adults: Behavioral Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/obesity-in-adults-interventions
     September 18, 2018 - Age and race impact the association between BMI and CVD mortality in women. … Are Asians at greater mortality risks for being overweight than Caucasians? … Body-mass index and mortality risk in U.S. blacks compared to whites. … Body-mass index and mortality among 1.46 million white adults. … Body-mass index and mortality in a prospective cohort of U.S. adults.

244. Screening for Colorectal Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/6hyj7-3s6Qxs-brqhxPVxD
     June 06, 2017 - Black adults have the high­ est incidence and mortality rates compared with other racial/ ethnic subgroups … rate more than flexible sigmoidoscopy alone.14 Modeling studies conducted by CISNET also consistently … In this age group, com­ peting causes of mortality preclude a mortality benefit that would outweigh … Black and Alaska Native individuals have a higher incidence of and mortality rate from colorectal cancer … rate than the flexible sigmoidoscopy–only group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.62 [95% CI, 0.42-0.90] vs 0.84

245. ahrq12a_Summary_HBP.qxd (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/BXkaHRFGjwUCoyANeMSuTz
     January 01, 2010 - Results Key Question 1: Does Screening for Hypertension Reduce Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality? … , or total mortality. … (RR 0.82; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.96), and total mortality (RR 0.87; 95% CI 0.78 to 0.98). … Hypertension is an important contributor to CVD morbidity and mortality. … Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual

246. Screening for Skin Cancer: Recommendations and Rationale (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/j-FyHoTDHNJu_qmotFzJq3
     February 15, 2001 - Evidence is lacking that skin examination by clinicians is effective in reducing mortality or morbidity … young people, the elderly (especially elderly men) bear a disproportionate burden of morbidity and mortality … It is not known if this stage shift leads to decreased morbidity or mortality. … Even without formal screening programs, mortality from basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma is low … compared to mortality from melanoma, but early de- tection and treatment may reduce morbidity and dis

247. Screening for Bladder Cancer: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/hWPZYvUZJXUQghbFtSDC42
     August 01, 2011 - der cancer leads to improved disease-specific or overall morbidity or mortality. … inadequate evidence that treatment of screen-detected bladder cancer leads to improved morbidity or mortality … rate of bladder cancer … Early detection of tumors with malignant potential may have an important effect on the mortality rate … rate.

248. Archived: Risk Factors and Other Epidemiologic Considerations for Cervical Cancer Screening: A Narrative Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Cervical Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/risk-factors-and-other-epidemiologic-considerations-for-cervical-cancer-screening-a-narrative-review-for-the-us-preventive-services-task-force/cervical-cancer-screening-2012
     October 15, 2011 - The incidence of, and mortality rates from, cervical cancer and the proportion of U.S. women aged 65 … rates from cervical cancer in the United States have decreased by more than 50% between 1975 and 2008 … Incidence and mortality rates for cervical cancer also vary by race and ethnicity 76 . … In 2007, the mortality rate from cervical cancer was almost twice as high for black women as white women … Figure 3 displays the age-adjusted incidence and death rates of invasive cervical cancer in the United

249. Overview of Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Models: A Contextual Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/vTHBrY6VuqjoouJvUmtkr4
     May 01, 2018 - In addition, a model simulation of the ERSPC projected a 28% reduction in prostate cancer mortality … This modeling study suggested that 1) screening reduced the risk of prostate cancer mortality by 16% … Prostate cancer mortality following active surveillance versus immediate radical prostatectomy. … Reconciling the effects of screening on prostate cancer mortality in the ERSPC and PLCO trials. … Lines connect projections under the same mortality reduction.

250. Screening for Breast Cancer: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Pboxx4DR35wz5GPozm-XNF
     June 15, 2023 - rates over the past 20 years.1 The aver- age age-adjusted rate for the years 2016-2020 was 19.6 per … 3 Adult females Breast cancer morbidity and mortality All-cause mortality Health outcomes Harms of … reduces breast cancer morbidity and mortality. … Breast cancer: US mortality rates by age at death, 2016-2020, by race/ethnicity (based on us mortality … The emergence of the racial disparity in US breast-cancer mortality.

251. Archived: Evidence Summary: High Blood Pressure in Adults, Children, and Adolescents: Screening, 2003 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/high-blood-pressure-adults-children-adolescents-screening-2003
     April 01, 2003 - , or total mortality. … (RR 0.82; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.96), and total mortality (RR 0.87; 95% CI 0.78 to 0.98). … Hypertension is an important contributor to CVD morbidity and mortality. … Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data … Prediction of coronary and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality by direct continuous ambulatory blood

252. Screening for Skin Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/9wQe2jWWHmor43TRBjtz3Q
     February 01, 2009 - little to no evi­ dence regarding the effectiveness of skin examination by clinicians in reducing mortality … should focus on a systematic review of the evidence on screening for skin cancer with morbidity and mortality … screening by clinicians is associated with improved clinical outcomes, such as reduced morbidity or mortality … It is not known whether detection of these lesions leads to decreased morbidity or mortality. … rate from melanoma; in the­ ory, early detection and treatment could reduce morbidity and disfigurement

253. Screening for Colorectal Cancer: Clinical Summary (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/qSyg242Cz-X9DDwZg6GEhP
     sensitivity FOBT, sigmoidoscopy with FOBT, and colonoscopy are effective in decreasing colorectal cancer mortality … The likelihood that detection and early intervention will yield a mortality benefit declines after

254. Nz Rqwxmmr8Vym-Yjuqru- (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/NZ_RQWxMMR8Vym-yJuqru-
     May 23, 2019 - Four percent of participants or fewer were lost to follow-up for mortality end points. … rates (138). … Is there a glycemic thresh- old for mortality risk? Diabetes Care. 1999;22:696-9. … Mortality and selected nonfatal events with insulin treatment. JAMA. 1978;240:37-42. … Aspirin effects on mortality and morbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus.

255. Evaluating Test Strategies for Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Decision Analysis (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/UPu84CV2CNuxR8kpVU6e3V
     November 01, 2008 - rate 0 Not varied Not varied Hemoccult SENSA Specificity, % 92.5 95.0 90.0 Sensitivity for adenomas … rate 0 Not varied Not varied Fecal immunochemical test Specificity, % 95.0 98.0 92.5 Sensitivity for … rate 0 Not varied Not varied Sigmoidoscopy (within reach) Specificity, % 92.0 Not varied Not varied … rate 1 per 10 000 Not varied Not varied * Data obtained from reference 29. † We assume that small adenomas … rate that is a function of the stage at diagnosis, age at diagnosis (�75 years or �75 years), time since

256. Archived: Evaluating Test Strategies for Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Decision Analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Colorectal Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evaluating-test-strategies-for-colorectal-cancer-screening-a-decision-analysis-for-the-us-preventive-services-task-force/colorectal-cancer-screening-2008
     October 15, 2008 - rate that is a function of the stage at diagnosis, age at diagnosis (<75 years, ≥75 years), time since … rate 0 Not varied Not varied Hemoccult SENSA Specificity, % 92.5 95.0 90.0 … rate 0 Not varied Not varied Fecal immunochemical test Specificity, % 95.0 98.0 … rate 0 Not varied Not varied Sigmoidoscopy (within reach) Specificity, % 92.0 … rate 0 Not varied Not varied Colonoscopy (within reach) Specificity, % 90.0 Not

257. Archived: Lipid Disorders in Adults (Cholesterol, Dyslipidemia): Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lipid-disorders-in-adults-cholesterol-dyslipidemia-screening-2008
     December 30, 2013 - Over the past 50 years, there has been a long-term downward trend in cardiovascular mortality associated … The 2002 age-adjusted death rate for heart disease was 59% lower than the rate in 1950. 2 The lifetime … Coronary heart disease mortality is associated with several risk factors, including dyslipidemia, high … and all cause mortality over the trial period and the 10 years following. 7 Subsequent to this … The risk for total mortality was not lower in women treated with lipid-lowering drugs, regardless of

258. Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ERAa_Bwr7hQxqZZ-X3p8Qh
     May 10, 2022 - Thomas, MPH IMPORTANCE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality … MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES COPD-related morbidity or mortality, measures of health-related quality of … COPD remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the US.1 The major risk factor for developing … 3 Adults 40 y or oldera Improved health-related quality of life Reduced morbidity or mortality Health … Outcomes of interest included mortality, morbidity from COPD, measures of health- related quality of

259. Overview of Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Models: A Contextual Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Home/GetFile/1/16813/prostate-cancer-models-overview/pdf
     May 01, 2018 - In addition, a model simulation of the ERSPC projected a 28% reduction in prostate cancer mortality … This modeling study suggested that 1) screening reduced the risk of prostate cancer mortality by 16% … Prostate cancer mortality following active surveillance versus immediate radical prostatectomy. … Reconciling the effects of screening on prostate cancer mortality in the ERSPC and PLCO trials. … Lines connect projections under the same mortality reduction.

260. Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Weight Loss Interventions to Prevent Obesity-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/boPWHmzrtxnkkPQAoCNENS
     September 18, 2018 - Age and race impact the association between BMI and CVD mortality in women. … Are Asians at greater mortality risks for being overweight than Caucasians? … Body-mass index and mortality risk in U.S. blacks compared to whites. … Body-mass index and mortality among 1.46 million white adults. … Body-mass index and mortality in a prospective cohort of U.S. adults.