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101. Evidence Summary: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary14/lung-cancer-screening
     March 09, 2021 - Main Outcomes and Measures: Lung cancer incidence, lung cancer mortality, all-cause mortality, test … , and all-cause mortality. … Does screening for lung cancer with LDCT change all-cause mortality, lung cancer mortality, or quality … Harms of surgical resection k = 29 Uncontrolled cohort studies n = 755,427 30-d Mortality rates … rates ranged from 0% to 3%.

102. Research Gaps for Screening Breast Cancer: Evidence Gaps Research Taxonomy Table (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/QTkyWhfQHqFUy4He2B6HU4
     Breast cancer mortality. All-cause mortality. … Breast cancer mortality. All-cause mortality. … Breast cancer mortality. All-cause mortality. Settings applicable to the U.S. … Prioritize studies in Black women, who are at higher risk of breast cancer mortality. … Breast cancer mortality. All-cause mortality.

103. Final Research Plan: Skin Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/skin-cancer-screening
     March 25, 2021 - skin cancer screening with visual skin examination by clinicians in reducing skin cancer morbidity and mortality … or all-cause mortality? … association between detection of precancerous lesions or earlier stage skin cancer and morbidity and mortality … due to skin cancer or all-cause mortality? … ; all-cause mortality KQ 2: Stage or lesion thickness at detection of skin cancer or precancerous

104. Final Recommendation Statement: Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/RecommendationStatementFinal/statin-use-in-adults-preventive-medication
     August 23, 2022 - Men have a higher overall prevalence of and mortality from CVD, although women experience higher mortality … determine the balance of benefits and harms of statin use for the primary prevention of CVD events and mortality … or all-cause mortality. … Mortality in the United States, 2018. NCHS Data Brief . 2020;(355):1-8. 3. … Behavioral weight loss interventions to prevent obesity-related morbidity and mortality in adults: US

105. Evidence Summary: Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/screening-for-prediabetes-and-type-2-diabetes
     August 24, 2021 - Main Outcomes and Measures: Mortality, cardiovascular morbidity, diabetes-related morbidity, development … Conclusions and Relevance:  Trials of screening for diabetes found no significant mortality benefit but … and CVD-related mortality at 23 years and at 30 years but not at earlier follow-up. … Cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, and diabetes incidence after lifestyle intervention for … All-Cause Mortality, Diabetes-Related Mortality, Myocardial Infarction, and Stroke Outcomes in Trials

106. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Skin Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary46/skin-cancer-screening-2009
     February 15, 2009 - We excluded studies if they did not address skin cancer, did not report morbidity or mortality outcomes … The mortality tally was probably complete because the research team used several sources to identify … An adequately powered, population-based RCT of screening demonstrating mortality outcomes would require … approximately 800000 participants because of the relatively low melanoma-related mortality rate in the … Sun exposure and mortality from melanoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005;97:195-9.

107. Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/vTJ_Zj3TAkhx45wWUDtNyt
     May 01, 2021 - Men have a higher overall prevalence of and mortality from CVD, although women experience higher mortality … a review of the evidence on the benefits and harms of statins for reducing CVD-related morbidity or mortality … or all-cause mortality. … CVD is the leading cause of mortality in the US, accounting for more than 1 in 4 deaths. … Mortality in the United States, 2018. NCHS Data Brief. 2020; (355):1-8. 3.

108. Archived: Evidence Summary: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Preventive Medication, 2002 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/aspirin-use-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-colorectal-cancer-preventive-medication-2002
     January 15, 2002 - in the United States. 1 In 1997, the age-adjusted mortality rate due to coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular … CHD Mortality. We also examined the effect of aspirin on CHD mortality. … Cumulative CHD mortality rates in the placebo group were low, ranging from 0.15 percent in HOT to 2.7 … rates. … Five-year mortality rates in the control groups of the individual trials ranged from 2 percent to 10

109. Archived: High Blood Cholesterol and Other Lipid Abnormalities: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/high-cholesterol-other-lipid-abnormalities-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - nor total mortality was significantly reduced by cholesterol lowering: 128 difference in total mortality … was of borderline statistical significance (p = 0.02), did not reflect any consistent cause of excess … mortality in persons older than 70 years. … Cholesterol lowering and total mortality. In: Rifkind BM, ed. … Cholesterol and total mortality: need for larger trials.

110. Recommendation: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-preventive-medication
     April 26, 2022 - The evidence is unclear whether aspirin use reduces the risk of colorectal cancer incidence or mortality … CVD is the leading cause of mortality in the US, accounting for more than 1 in 4 deaths. … Men have a higher overall CVD disease burden, although women experience higher mortality from certain … , and all-cause mortality in persons without a history of CVD. … or all-cause mortality.

111. Recommendation: Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/statin-use-in-adults-preventive-medication
     August 23, 2022 - Men have a higher prevalence of CVD than women, although women experience higher mortality from certain … CVD is the leading cause of mortality in the US, accounting for more than 1 in 4 deaths. … Men have a higher overall prevalence of and mortality from CVD, although women experience higher mortality … or all-cause mortality. … Mortality in the United States, 2018. NCHS Data Brief . 2020;(355):1-8. 3.

112. Screening for Colorectal Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/2Wc3FRHpVDPX2jT_WzjEXX
     July 31, 2020 - rate ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.68-0.80]) over 11 to 17 years of follow-up.9,10 Most studies reported outcomes … After 2 to 9 rounds of biennial gFOBT screening, colorectal cancer mortality was found to be lower at … Reduction in colorectal cancer mortality by fecal occult blood screening in a French controlled study … Colon and Rectum Cancer: U.S. 5-Year Age-Adjusted Mortality Rates, 2014-2018, by Race/Ethnicity, Both … Long-term colorectal-cancer incidence and mortality after lower endoscopy.

113. Evidence Summary: Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-nonpregnant-adolescents-and-adults1/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-screening
     June 11, 2019 - Main Outcomes and Measures: Mortality, AIDS events, quality of life, function, and HIV transmission; … Both trials evaluated a composite primary outcome consisting of mortality, AIDS-defining events, and … Associations with all-cause mortality and AIDS-related mortality favored immediate ART but were not statistically … significant; there were only 5 cases of AIDS-related mortality. 13 Results for the primary outcome … , and AIDS-related mortality favored early ART ( Table 1 ) but were not statistically significant.

114. Final Research Plan: Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/statin-use-in-adults-preventive-medication
     November 05, 2020 - benefits of statins in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD)–related morbidity or mortality … or all-cause mortality in asymptomatic adults without prior CVD events?     … What are the effects on mortality and cardiovascular events of use of the coronary artery calcium score … statin therapy Other comparisons Outcomes KQs 1, 3: CHD- and/or CVA-related morbidity or mortality … ; all-cause mortality; quality of life KQ 2: Myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, myalgia, cognitive loss, diabetes

115. Final Research Plan: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/prostate-cancer-screening
     April 28, 2016 - Key question 1 addresses the effectiveness of PSA-based screening in reducing mortality and morbidity … and all-cause mortality? … The net benefit for subpopulations at higher risk for prostate cancer, prostate cancer mortality, or … Mortality results from a randomized prostate-cancer screening trial. … Screening and prostate-cancer mortality in a randomized European study.

116. Screening for HIV Infection in Asymptomatic, Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/q_zxLD9JZFGoSPCrEHNk2g
     June 11, 2019 - ; Christina Bougatsos, MPH IMPORTANCE Untreated HIV infection can result in significant morbidity, mortality … MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Mortality, AIDS events, quality of life, function, and HIV transmission; harms … (1.7-y follow-up): RR, 0.76 (95% CI, 0.34-1.73) All-cause mortality (2.1-y follow-up): RR, 0.72 (95% … or opportunistic disease: RR, 0.31 (95% CI, 0.11-0.83) All-cause mortality: RR, 0.26 (95% CI, 0.05- … Associations with all-cause mortality and AIDS-related mortality favored immediate ART but were not

117. Archived: Final Research Plan: Skin Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan104/skin-cancer-screening-july-2016
     July 17, 2014 - Key question 1 addresses the effectiveness of skin cancer screening in reducing mortality and morbidity … and all-cause mortality? … What is the association between earlier detection of skin cancer and skin cancer morbidity and mortality … and all-cause mortality? … ; all-cause mortality KQ 2: Any harm from screening, biopsy, or excision, including overdiagnosis

118. Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/mggnaKHr496c8QCgHe9-tm
     May 01, 2021 - rates for COPD are higher in men than women. … However, over the last 20 years, the age-adjusted death rate has been declining in men while remaining … rates from chronic lower respiratory disease (mostly COPD) are highest in White adults, fol- lowed by … No studies showed that treatment reduced cardiovascular morbid- ity or mortality or all-cause mortality … Deaths and mortality. Reviewed 2022.

119. Collaborative Modeling of U.S. Breast Cancer Screening Strategies (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/nmcMhEwWT9BncBBBQQN6Uf
     December 01, 2015 - Impact of adjuvant therapy and mammography on U.S. mortality from 1975 to 2000: comparison of mortality … rates in the United States. … Age- and cohort-specific all-cause mortality rates by year Jackson H et al (personal communication … by B40–74 = percent mortality reduction B40–74/ percent mortality reduction A40–74. … Mortality Reduction Tables 7a–c.

120. Behavioral Counseling Interventions: An Evidence-based Approach - Figure 1 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/behavioral-counseling-interventions-evidence-based-approach-figure-1
     November 01, 2013 - Change," "Intermediate Health Improvement or Risk Factor Reduction," and "Reduction in Morbidity and/or Mortality … Reduction" (this arrow is labeled to refer to key question 7) and to "Reduction in Morbidity and/or Mortality … another arrow parallel to the first arrow described to the same box, "Reduction in Morbidity and/or Mortality … Is risk factor reduction or measured health improvement associated with reduced morbidity and/or mortality … Is sustained health behavior change directly related to reduced morbidity and/or mortality?