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61. Final Evidence Summary: Tobacco Use in Children and Adolescents: Primary Care Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/other-supporting-document19468/tobacco-and-nicotine-use-prevention-in-children-and-adolescents-primary-care-interventions
    April 28, 2020 - decreased likelihood of cigarette smoking initiation compared with control interventions at 7 to 36 months … Analyses were based on data at or closest to 12 months after baseline. … 20 to 36 months. 32 All trials were conducted in the US 18 , 19 , 23 , 27 , 30 , 33 , 34 , 40 , 43 … , 33 and the duration of the trials ranged from 6 months 24 , 25 , 31 to 24 months, 33 with a median … vs 8.2% at 12 months; adjusted OR, 1.13 [95% CI, 0.17-7.44]) (eTable 5 in the Supplement). 46 One

62. Screening for Visual Impairment in Children Younger than Age 5 Years: An Update of the Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials, 1999–2003 (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/RkowkNFvCYh9hMnEBcCkGh
    May 01, 2004 - of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) based in southwest England, 3,490 children born during the last 6 months … Children in the control group were offered similar testing by an orthopist at age 37 months only. … Before age 37 months, photorefraction was found to be more sensitive than acuity testing. … The cover test, with either photorefraction or acuity testing at 37 months, provided the best sensitivity … At 6 months, visual acuity in the sound eye was decreased from baseline by 1 line in 7% of the patching

63. Ad-Br2Otj67Fendhhkltpa (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/aD-Br2oTJ67FeNdHHkLtPA
    questions about your experience of using these substances across your lifetime and in the past three months … If any substances in Question 2 were used in the previous three months, continue withIf any substances … in Question 2 were used in the previous three months, continue withIf any substances in Question 2 were … three months, continue with Questions 3, 4 & 5 for Questions 3, 4 & 5 for Questions 3, 4 & 5 for … Yes, in the past 3 months C.

64. Summary of USPSTF Draft Recommendation: Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Support Breastfeeding (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/QH2JxjAo7FmcfCBy8c_65Y
    November 18, 2024 - the person breastfeeding, yet only just over half of babies in the United States are breastfed at 6 months … increase how long they do so, and increase the number of babies fed only breastmilk for the first 6 months

65. Clinical Summary: Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/vrVamp3r4afNJsBqaZQftt
    receptive or insertive anal sex  An STI with syphilis, gonorrhea, or chlamydia within the past 6 months … drugs or a man who has sex with men and women)  An STI with syphilis or gonorrhea within the past 6 months

66. Public Comment on Draft Research Plan: Vision Screening in Young Children | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/announcements/public-comment-draft-research-plan-vision-screening-young-children
    May 21, 2025 - Preventive Services Task Force posted today a draft research plan on vision screening in children ages 6 months

67. Screening for Depression in Adults: A Summary of the Evidence (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/56vB_8UTTE_HjygLvJfYqM
    May 01, 2002 - At 3 months of follow-up, more patients in the feedback group were being treated for depression, but … At 3 months, the research team observed no clinically or statistically significant differences in clinical … At 6 months of follow-up, mean General Health Questionnaire scores did not differ between groups. … The investigators enrolled 1,356 patients and followed them for 12 months. … At 12 months, the proportion of patients receiving appropriate treatment (defined as any appropriate

68. Screening for Obesity in Children and Adolescents: USPSTF Recommendations Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/PdBbRgWKPMbHfeQeHkM242
    February 01, 2010 - Weight outcomes were de- fined as short-term (6–12 months since the beginning of the intervention) or … maintenance (between 1 and 4 years af- ter the beginning of the intervention and at least 12 months … Limited ev- idence suggests that these improve- ments can be maintained over 12 months after treatment … In 539 obese adolescents aged 12 to 18 years, 12 months of orlistat plus behavioral intervention com- … Nei- ther medication seems to adversely affect short-term (6–12 months) growth and maturation.

69. Final Research Plan: Vision Screening in Young Children | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/announcements/final-research-plan-vision-screening-young-children
    July 24, 2025 - Preventive Services Task Force posted today a final research plan on vision screening in children ages 6 months

70. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Breastfeeding: Counseling, July 2003 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/breastfeeding-counseling-2003
    July 01, 2003 - One woman would breastfeed for up to 3 months for every 3 to 5 women attending breastfeeding educational … By 6 months, only 21% of low-income and 22% of black mothers continued breastfeeding. … postpartum, and long-term referred to 4 to 6 months postpartum. … (short-term duration) [Y 2 ]; and (3) breastfeeding for 4 to 6 months (long-term duration) [Y 3 ].  … One woman would successfully initiate and maintain breastfeeding for up to 3 months for every 3 to 5

71. Evidence Summary: Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/tobacco-use-in-adults-and-pregnant-women-counseling-and-interventions
    January 19, 2021 - Main Outcomes and Measures: Health outcomes, tobacco cessation at 6 months or more, and adverse events … -1.96]) were all associated with increased quit rates compared with minimal support or placebo at 6 months … inconsistent findings on the effectiveness of electronic cigarettes on smoking cessation at 6 to 12 months … postpartum, 1.33 (95% CI, 1.00-1.77; 6 trials) at 6 to 11 months postpartum, and 2.20 (95% CI, 1.23- … 3.96; 2 trials) at 12 to 17 months. 54 Harms of Interventions Key Question 3.

72. Evidence Summary: Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/latent-tuberculosis-infection-screening
    May 02, 2023 - of once-weekly, directly observed rifapentine plus isoniazid or 9 months of daily, directly observed … Adverse events with 4 months of rifampin therapy or 9 months of isoniazid therapy for latent tuberculosis … Four months of rifampin or nine months of isoniazid for latent tuberculosis in adults. … Three months of rifapentine and isoniazid for latent tuberculosis infection. … months.

73. Final Evidence Summary: Illicit Drug Use in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: Primary Care-Based Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/other-supporting-document19727/drug-use-illicit-primary-care-interventions-for-children-and-adolescents
    September 03, 2020 - One trial (n=322) found a reduction in illicit drug use at 38 months (eg, cannabis use in the previous … A minimum of 3 months’ follow-up was required. … , at up to 24 months’ follow-up. … Effects were generally maintained through 12 months or beyond in these trials. … Follow-up: Less than 3 months (12 weeks) of follow-up after baseline (does not apply to harms).

74. Vision Screening in Children Aged 6Months to 5 Years: Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/wyAJqjxBX_dHMF3WdA7WNt
    September 05, 2017 - US Preventive Services Task Force | RECOMMENDATION STATEMENT Vision Screening in Children Aged 6 Months … Clinical Summary: Vision Screening in Children Aged 6 Months to 5 Years Population Children aged 3 … The age of study participants ranged from 6 months to 6 years. … ) vs 1-time screen­ ing at age 37 months.1,35 Periodic screening (including clinical examination, a … Regular comprehensive eye ex­ aminations should occur at age 6 months, 3 years, and prior to en­ try

75. Screening for Syphilis: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/TzddJozNQQZYmTohr64wMz
    June 07, 2016 - Four non-US studies indicated higher rates of syphilis detection with screening every 3 months vs 6 or … 12 months for early syphilis in HIV-positive men or MSM. … CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Screening HIV-positive men or MSM for syphilis every 3 months is associated … detected more patients with newly acquired syphilis compared with screening every 6 months or more ( … .21 There was a higher detection rate for early syphilis among MSM receiving reminders every 3 months

76. Archived: Evidence Summary: Syphilis Infection in Nonpregnant Adults and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/syphilis-infection-in-nonpregnant-adults-and-adolescents-june-2016
    June 07, 2016 - Four non-US studies indicated higher rates of syphilis detection with screening every 3 months vs 6 or … 12 months for early syphilis in HIV-positive men or MSM. … Conclusions and Relevance: Screening HIV-positive men or MSM for syphilis every 3 months is associated … detected more patients with newly acquired syphilis compared with screening every 6 months or more ( … For men who are HIV positive or MSM, screening every 3 months was associated with increased detection

77. The Effectiveness of Primary Care-Based Interventions to Promote Breastfeeding: Evidence Review and Meta-Analysis (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/6-CojmU4NZFXUKggs-_YFU
    January 01, 2010 - 2010 initiative has set a goal of having 75% of mothers breastfeed immediately postpartum, 50% at 6 months … By 6 months, only 21% of low-income and 22% of black mothers continued breastfeeding. … postpartum, and long-term referred to 4 to 6 months postpartum. … (short-term duration) [Y2]; and (3) breastfeeding for 4 to 6 months (long-term duration) [Y3]. … Education did not have a significant impact on long-term duration up to 6 months (difference 0.04; 95%

78. 6Jfgjyjsbmc48Mj2Uksahb (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/6jFgJYJSbMc48mj2uKsAhB
    October 01, 2014 - Interventions involved an average of 5 to 16 contacts over 9 to 12 months depending on their in- tensity … Improvements were most robust at 12 to 24 months; few studies followed participants for more than 24 … months. … These effects were assessed across all trials that reported each outcome at 12 to 24 months. … ; however, the improve- ments generally decreased after 18 months.

79. Archived: Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Women: Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/tobacco-use-in-adults-and-pregnant-women-counseling-and-interventions-september-2015
    September 21, 2015 - of pregnancy, and 40% of women relapsed within 6 months of delivery. 19 Smoking during pregnancy is … Smoking-cessation outcomes had to be reported at 6 months or later to be included; findings on smoking … reduction (based on frequency or quantity only), intention to quit, and cessation at less than 6 months … All single forms of NRT significantly improved cessation rates at 6 months or more (gum: RR, 1.49 [CI … Another good-quality systematic review 29 found that abstinence rates at 6 months or more were higher

80. Screening for Obesity and Intervention for Weight Management in Children and Adolescents: Evidence Report and Systematic Review (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Jz4WcZ2Wy3-nV6jNUrwUzX
    June 20, 2017 - than harms had to be reported at a minimum of 6 months after randomization; 12 months was the preferred … The closest follow-up to 12 months was used (range, 6-24months). … , estimated hours of contact in the first 12 months only are shown in the forest plots. … in 2 trials, with esti­ mated contact hours of 6 (over 24 months)59 and 78 (over 12 months).45 In the … For all studies in figure, time since randomization equals months since end of treatment.