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1. Methods-Guidance-Applicability Methods (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-applicability_methods.pdf
   January 01, 2011 - further empiric evidence develops and our understanding of better methods improves. … surveys, pharmacoepidemiologic studies, and large case series or registries of devices or surgical procedures … had less severe CHF, more comorbidities and were more likely to have had a recent cardiac event or procedure … community populations.21 Clinical experts, population based surveys, outcome studies, and disease or procedure … published results of randomised controlled trials and non-randomised studies evaluating four orthopaedic procedures

2. Methods-Guidance-Topics Methods (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-topics_methods.pdf
   January 01, 2010 - Methods Guide for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews Identifying, Selecting, and Refining Topics … further empiric evidence develops and our understanding of better methods improves. … Methods Guide for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews [posted April 2009]. Rockville, MD. … in clinical care in the absence of guidance. 3 Cost Economic cost associated with the condition, procedure … Intervention: Dosage, frequency, and method of administration.

3. Methods-Guidance-Reporting-Bias Methods (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-reporting-bias_methods.pdf
   November 01, 2013 - approaches), types of participants (i.e., inclusion and exclusion criteria), treatments, clinical procedures … In this section, we suggest a procedure for using those sources to assess for reporting biases while … When there is no avenue for discovering hidden studies and no applicable statistical method for assessing … Systematic Review Methods and Procedures Oregon Health & Science University. … Information Interventions - Drug (including placebo) - Device (including sham) - Biological/Vaccine - Procedure

4. Selecting Observational Studies for Comparing Medical Interventions | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-observational-studies/methods
   April 01, 2022 - A paucity of RCT evidence is common, particularly for many surgical and diagnostic procedures, and for … Work by Glasziou and colleagues suggests a procedure for implementing this advice: before looking at … Registries in which enrollment has been defined by procedures may be more valid for comparative effectiveness … relatively narrow spectrum of disease (generally single or two-vessel disease) relative to those getting the procedures … The registry data confirmed that the choice between the two procedures in the community varied substantially

5. Chapter 1: Introduction to the Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-introduction/methods
   December 01, 2019 - This Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews (referred to hereafter as the Medical Test Methods Guide … Development of the Medical Test Methods Guide In developing this Medical Test Methods Guide , we sought … described this same model as the “analytic framework.” 16 These points were reiterated in the most recent Procedure … Guide As noted above, this Medical Test Methods Guide complements AHRQ’s General Methods Guide … Preventive Services Task Force Procedure Manual. AHRQ Publication No. 08-05118-EF.

6. Updating Comparative Effectiveness Reviews: Current Efforts in AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-updates/methods
   December 01, 2019 - identified studies may report on newly emerged interventions, devices, technologies, diagnostic tests, procedures … meta-analyses ripe for updating). 28-31 Cumulative meta-analysis (CMA) is a statistical procedure … inflated rate of type-I error arising from repeated hypothesis testing. 32 Moreover, the use of this procedure … treatment modalities (e.g., devices, pharmaceutical products, surgery, diagnostic tests, and other procedures … of Ottawa (the Ottawa method). 19 The RAND method is based on the combination of external domain expert

7. Principles in Developing and Applying Guidance for Comparing Medical Interventions | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-principles/methods
   December 01, 2019 - In 1996, for example, the procedures used by EPCs, documented in AHRQ’s Manual for Conducting Systematic … studies are more applicable to the spectrum of patients who will use a drug, have a test, or undergo a procedure … advantages of different approaches and a lack of sufficiently strong empirical evidence to dictate a single method … Principles of and procedures for systematic reviews [book chapter]. … Challenges in systematic reviews of therapeutic devices and procedures.

8. Editorial. Methods Guide for Authors of Systematic Reviews of Medical Tests: A Collaboration Between the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and the Journal of General Internal Medicine | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guide-editorial/methods
   December 01, 2019 - Methods Guide for Effectiveness and Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. … Preventive Services Task Force Procedure Manual. AHRQ Publication No. 08-05118-EF. July 2008. … https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf08/methods/procmanual.pdf . … Adults: A Systematic Review Research Protocol Dec 20, 2024 The Performance of Fusion Procedures … https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guide-editorial/methods  

9. Assessing the Applicability of Studies When Comparing Medical Interventions | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
   effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-applicability/methods
   May 01, 2020 - surveys, pharmacoepidemiologic studies, and large case series or registries of devices or surgical procedures … had less severe CHF, more comorbidities and were more likely to have had a recent cardiac event or procedure … community populations. 21 Clinical experts, population based surveys, outcome studies, and disease or procedure … published results of randomised controlled trials and non-randomised studies evaluating four orthopaedic procedures … https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-applicability/methods  

10. Assessing the Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews of Health Care Interventions | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-bias-update/methods
    August 01, 2019 - Questions and Draft Reports Submit SEADs Resources for Getting Involved Research Methods … & Tools Research Methods & Tools Tools & Software Education Resources About … studies are inadequately powered. 5 In addition to concerns regarding the validity of such assessments, methodological … studies have raised concerns about the limited reliability of risk-of-bias judgments. 7,8 We do not … https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/methods-bias-update/methods  

11. Assessing Harms when Comparing Medical Interventions | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-harms/methods
    May 01, 2020 - For example, surgical procedures and medical devices often become widely disseminated with few or no … from surgical or other invasive interventions often consist of a series of patients who received the procedure … Principles and Quantitative Methods . Belmont, CA: Wadsworth; 1982. 32. … A novel method based on the conclusions of international consensus meetings: application to drug-induced … https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-harms/methods  

12. Methods Guide Atkins (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/methods_guide_atkins.pdf
    January 01, 2011 - further empiric evidence develops and our understanding of better methods improves. … surveys, pharmacoepidemiologic studies, and large case series or registries of devices or surgical procedures … had less severe CHF, more comorbidities and were more likely to have had a recent cardiac event or procedure … community populations.21 Clinical experts, population based surveys, outcome studies, and disease or procedure … published results of randomised controlled trials and non-randomised studies evaluating four orthopaedic procedures

13. Chapter 9: Options for Summarizing Medical Test Performance in the Absence of a “Gold Standard” | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-performance/methods
    December 01, 2019 - this "true" status is directly observable (e.g., for tests predicting short-term mortality after a procedure … The new method is an improved version of a usually applied test. … A general regression procedure for method transformation. … Application of linear regression procedures for method comparison studies in clinical chemistry, Part … Measuring agreement in method comparison studies. Stat Methods Med Res 1999; 8(2):135-60.

14. Quantitative Synthesis—An Update | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-quantitative-synthesis-update/methods
    December 01, 2019 - For related information, go to the Series Overview, Methods Guide for Effectiveness and Comparative … initial teleconference meeting was used to outline the draft, discuss the timeline, and agree upon a method … We did not employ a formal voting procedure to assess consensus. … Methods Guide for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. … https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/methods-quantitative-synthesis-update/methods

15. Finding Grey Literature Evidence and Assessing for Outcome and Analysis Reporting Biases When Comparing Medical Interventions: AHRQ and the Effective Health Care Program | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-reporting-bias/methods
    December 01, 2019 - statistical approaches), types of participants (i.e., inclusion and exclusion criteria), treatments, clinical procedures … In this section, we suggest a procedure for using those sources to assess for reporting biases while … Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale Specific metric–e.g. change from baseline at a specified time Method … Systematic Review Methods and Procedures Oregon Health & Science University. … Interventions Drug (including placebo) Device (including sham) Biological/Vaccine Procedure

16. Chapter 3: Choosing the Important Outcomes for a Systematic Review of a Medical Test | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-outcomes/methods
    October 01, 2019 - It confers no direct benefit itself (unlike the comparison procedure in which an intervention can be … The procedure itself may be identical to a procedure that is used as a screening test or a medical test … failure is high, patients and their physicians may choose to refrain from colonoscopy and other screening procedures … Methods Guide – Chapter | Jun 1, 2012 Chapter 1: Introduction to the Methods Guide for Medical … https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-outcomes/methods  

17. Identifying, Selecting and Refining Topics for Comparative Effectiveness Systematic Reviews | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-topics/methods
    December 01, 2019 - further empiric evidence develops and our understanding of better methods improves. … Methods Guide for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews [posted April 2009]. Rockville, MD. … care in the absence of guidance. 3 Cost Economic cost associated with the condition, procedure … Intervention Dosage, frequency, and method of administration. … https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-topics/methods  

18. Avoiding Bias in Selecting Studies | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
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    August 01, 2019 - Limitation to RCTs may be more likely to exclude certain types of interventions such as procedures or … Dual review--having two reviewers independently assess citations for inclusion--is one method of reducing … Although there is currently no empiric evidence to support this method, we speculate that the sensitivity … meet all eligibility criteria, and are correctly identified for inclusion using rigorous assessment procedures … Cochrane Methods.

19. Chapter 5: Assessing Risk of Bias as a Domain of Quality in Medical Test Studies | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-bias/methods
    December 01, 2019 - Reference Standard and Verification Procedure Inappropriate reference standard Errors of imperfect … Because of variation in laboratory procedures or observers, a test may not consistently yield the same … Reviewers should identify their proposed method of handling inadequate reporting a priori and document … Often UNAFFECTED relatives do not have their disease status verified by any method (assume proband/ … TO PARTICIPATE in interviews or further clinical testing are excluded from having any verification method

20. Finding Evidence for Comparing Medical Interventions | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-finding-evidence/methods
    December 01, 2019 - only appear) in these nonindexed portions of a journal, hand searching journals can be an effective method … Challenges in systematic reviews of therapeutic devices and procedures. … A survey of the methods used in systematic reviews of adverse effects. … No consensus exists on search reporting methods for systematic reviews. … https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-finding-evidence/methods