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41. Pharmacotherapy for Adults With Alcohol-Use Disorders in Outpatient Settings: Systematic Review Update (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/alcohol-pharma-final-protocol.pdf
    January 01, 2023 - This review covers the four medications with FDA indications for AUD, as well as several other medications … likely rarely using these medications. … O’Malley and O’Connor40 reviewed the use of medications for AUD in primary care settings. … KQ 5: Are any of the medications more or less effective than other medications for older adults, younger … Medications for unhealthy alcohol use: across the spectrum.

42. Improving Medication Safety in High Risk Medicare Beneficiaries Toolkit (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/medication-therapy-management-1_research.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - , and how they are taking their medications. … The MTM Personal Medication List is the patient’s record of all their medications. … Have you recently stopped any medications? Why? 10. … Has the prescriber changed any medications recently? 11. … Do you have any questions or concerns about your medications?

43. Pharmacotherapy for Adults with Alcohol-Use Disorders in Outpatient Settings (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/alcohol-misuse-drug-therapy-surveillance.pdf
    September 01, 2017 - • Key Question 5: Are any of the medications more or less effective than other medications for sub … Key Question 5: Are any of the medications more or less effective than other medications for men or … We weighted conclusions for the FDA-approved medications more heavily than evidence for off-label medications … There is no new evidence for off-label medications. … • Key Question 5: Are any of the medications more or less effective than other medications for sub-groups

44. Ch 4-User-Guide-To-Ocer 130129 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/ch_4-user-guide-to-ocer_130129.pdf
    January 01, 2010 - In clinical trials of medications, drug levels may be monitored, pill counts may be performed, and … Importantly, these issues do not apply only to medications; “spillover” effects can also be observed … Importantly, the concept of dose is applicable not only to medications but also to health services … However, this data source will only reflect the dispensing of medications and not actual medication … Recall accuracy for prescription medications: self-report compared with database information.

45. PHARMACO-EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS FOR A STUDY OF (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/antipsychotic-medicine-cardiovascular-elderly_research.pdf
    February 01, 2009 - Although an FDA Advisory has warned that atypical antipsychotic medications (APMs) increase mortality … Elderly, antipsychotic medications, conventional, atypical, arrhythmias, cerebrovascular accidents. … Diabetes was defined by the presence of diagnoses plus use of anti-diabetic medications. … Risk of death in elderly users of conventional vs. atypical antipsychotic medications. … , total number of medications, hospitalizations, and nursing home stays.

46. Introduction (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/rheumatoid-arthritis-medicine-1_research.pdf
    February 01, 2009 - effectiveness, safety, and appropriateness of health care items and services, particularly prescription medications … Study Medications Medication utilization was measured using information from the TennCare pharmacy files … The median number of non-study medications received by patients with RA increased from 2 (IQR:1-4) in … Overall, the proportion of patients without study medications on the index date decreased over time. … Similarly, the reasons for the changes in the utilization of non- DMARD medications cannot be determined

47. Engaging-Caregivers-Appendix-C (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/engaging-caregivers-appendix-c.xlsx
    May 29, 2025 - Study Use Accurate Methods for Ascertaining Exposures and Potential Confounders (e.g., Age, Sex, Other Medications … the Study Perform Appropriate Statistical Analyses on Potential Confounders (e.g., Age, Sex, Other Medications

48. Slide 1
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/exposure-definition-and-measurement_chapter-4.pptx
    January 01, 2013 - When operationalizing exposure to these two medications, it would be insufficient to examine medication … Recall accuracy for prescription medications: self-report compared with database information. … Dose is applicable to medications and also to health services interventions that may require multiple … in a comparative effectiveness study, as these medications will frequently be used in combination. … of medications used during hospitalizations.

49. Future Research Needs Document (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/breast-cancer-risk-reduction_research.pdf
    October 25, 2010 - However, the CER also found that the medications have important adverse effects. … “What alternatives to medications are most important to study or most promising?” … Vitamin A derived medications (e.g. … medications such as aromatase inhibitors. … for risk reducing medications as much or more than benefits.

50. Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of New Therapies (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/diabetes-glucose-control_research.pdf
    July 01, 2010 - Twenty-two percent of users were obese, compared to 11 to 15% using other medications. … (i.e., was on oral medications or no medications), (b) insulin, (c) exenatide, or (d) both insulin … Most patients in all of the groups were also using oral hypoglycemic medications. … The group with the fewest complications was the group on no injectable medications or on no medications … Regarding use of oral hypoglycemic medications, 75% and 58% of patients had been on metformin and a

51. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol - Management of Infantile Epilepsies (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-252-infantile-epilepsies-disposition-comments.pdf
    October 25, 2022 - There is so much variability on medications for each recognized disorder, and a proper diagnosis can … For instance, in Dravet syndrome (DS), in the list of medications under Main Points (Levetiracetam … Ann Sodders, No affiliation listed Methods In regards to medications, what about other medications … A list of all medications considered appears in the appendix. … We note in the Discussion any oft-prescribed medications for which we included no evidence, such as

52. Effective Health Care (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND__0355_09-22-2010.pdf
    January 01, 2010 - For patients with insomnia, how do commonly used medications compare for effectiveness and harms, including … There is uncertainty surrounding which medications are most effective and when medications should be

53. Update Topic Brief CER 27 NSD FINAL_SJ final (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/type-2-diabetes-medications-update_overview.pdf
    January 17, 2014 - Oral Diabetes Medications … Diabetes Nomination Summary Document Results of Topic Selection Process & Next Steps § Oral Diabetes Medications

54. White Paper: Standardized Library of Lumbar Spondylolisthesis Outcome Measures (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/white-paper-lumbar-spondylolisthesis.pdf
    March 01, 2021 - Pre-treatment • 1 month post-treatment for specific purposes (e.g., use of morphine-equivalent pain medications … Pre-treatment • 1 month post-treatment for specific purposes (e.g., use of morphine-equivalent pain medications … Pre-treatment • 1 month post-treatment for specific purposes (e.g., use of morphine-equivalent pain medications … Events of Interest Adverse events associated with medications Medication-related adverse events, defined … as: • Adverse events related to use of medications, including NSAIDs, opioids, and other medications

55. White Paper: Standardized Library of Lumbar Spondylolisthesis Outcome Measures (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/white-paper-lumbar-spondylolisthesis.pdf
    March 01, 2021 - Pre-treatment • 1 month post-treatment for specific purposes (e.g., use of morphine-equivalent pain medications … Pre-treatment • 1 month post-treatment for specific purposes (e.g., use of morphine-equivalent pain medications … Pre-treatment • 1 month post-treatment for specific purposes (e.g., use of morphine-equivalent pain medications … Events of Interest Adverse events associated with medications Medication-related adverse events, defined … as: • Adverse events related to use of medications, including NSAIDs, opioids, and other medications

56. CERs Report cover (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/future05-breastcancer-10-5-2010final.pdf
    September 01, 2010 - However, the CER also found that the medications have important adverse effects. … ‖ ―What alternatives to medications are most important to study or most promising? … Vitamin A derived medications (e.g. … medications such as aromatase inhibitors. … for risk reducing medications as much or more than benefits.

57. Psychosocial and Pharmacologic Interventions for Disruptive Behavior Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Current State of the Evidence (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/disruptive-behavior-disorder_clinician.pdf
    August 01, 2016 - However, only a few studies evaluated the medications included in this review, and their results did … Adverse effects of medications reported in included studies were mild or moderate, but the ability … A wide range of psychotropic medications—including anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers … Use of the medications has increased substantially in recent years. … Some medications used to treat DBDs have not been approved by the U.S.

58. Microsoft Word - ehcrr#2toCSI.doc (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/atypical-antipsychotics-seniors-death_research.pdf
    August 01, 2007 - Health Care Number 2 Research Reports Comparative Safety of Conventional and Atypical Antipsychotic Medications … Mortality in users of conventional and atypical antipsychotic medications in British Columbia seniors … Effective Health Care Research Report Number 2 1 Introduction Antipsychotic medications (APMs) are … Risk of death in elderly users of conventional vs. atypical antipsychotic medications. … Atypical Antipsychotic Medications (APMs).

59. Maternal, Fetal, and Child Outcomes of Mental Health Treatments in Women: A Systematic Review of Perinatal Pharmacological Interventions (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-236-maternal-fetal-child-outcomes-disposition-comments.pdf
    April 15, 2021 - Pregnant women often seek information outside of the clinical context on psychotropic medications; … It is unclear why the anxiolytic medications are categorized as they are. … It is not clear whether these exposures are to any medication or to specific medications. … (SSRIs, SNRIs) as well as listing specific medications that are within these classes. … Medications could also be less effective in pregnancy due to physiological changes in blood volume if

60. Evidence Report on the (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/crohns-disease_research-protocol.pdf
    September 01, 2010 - Medications include aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and biologics (Table 1). … Physicians prescribe medications alone or in combination to eliminate the inflammation that causes both … Meta-analyses have examined individual medications compared to placebo but few have compared medications … The central question for patients and their caregivers is the comparison of medications (both within … • Because medications have different times to clinical response, we will consider these times in