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801. Screening for Carotid Artery Stenosis: An Update of the Evidence (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/YSj5xRQc9DroH8gpUYsoFA
     December 01, 2007 - maintenance of comparable groups, important differential loss to follow-up or overall high loss to follow-up, measure … One meta-analysis noted that the measure- ment properties used among ultrasonography laboratories varied … The primary perioperative complica- tion measure in the studies was either death/stroke or death/stroke

802. Screening for Skin Cancer (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/_cRbjtBvRYVLgT-9_c2jm7
     Screening for Skin Cancer Figure. Screening for Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Clinical Summary Population Children and adolescents 6 y and older Recommendation Screen for obesity; offer or refer children and adolescents with obesity to comprehensive, intensive behavioral interventions to promot…

803. Archived: Evidence Summary: Breast Cancer: Medications for Risk Reduction | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary27/breast-cancer-medications-for-risk-reduction-2013
     April 15, 2013 - Limitation:  Data on mortality and adherence measures and for women who are nonwhite, are premenopausal … We developed selection criteria for studies based on the patient populations, interventions, outcome measures … Discriminatory accuracy is a measure of how well the model can correctly classify persons at higher risk … We also abstracted model calibration, a measure of how well predicted probabilities agree with actual … Measures of adherence and persistence in clinical trials may not be similar for patients in clinical

804. Evidence Summary: Ovarian Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/ovarian-cancer-screening
     February 13, 2018 - Main Outcomes and Measures: Ovarian cancer mortality, false-positive screening results and surgery, … adequate randomization procedures and allocation concealment, blinded outcome assessment, reliable outcome measures

805. Shared Decision-Making About Screening and Chemoprevention: A Suggested Approach (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/sharedba.pdf
     January 01, 2004 - The measure of an informed and joint decision, however, should not vary (Figure 2).

806. Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: A Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/s9Hht_QpMB4gQg26rTpcaN
     November 01, 2013 - 6 6 6 5 6 3 6 6 3 6 6 6 12 6 6 4 6 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 Analyzed, n Follow-up, mo Weights … 1601 24/202 8/156 21/126 26/201 20/284 6/152 17/216 4/129 12/144 138/1610 Control Events, n/N Weights … 105 184 111 131 171 171 56 120 191 74 220 82 93 79 25 96 153 69 99 Analyzed, n Weights … 60 81 94 132 121 111 195 130 271 221 25 95 96 74 99 157 153 192 155 Analyzed, n Weights … The IQCODE versus a single-item informant measure to dis- criminate between cognitively intact individuals

807. Serologic Screening for Genital Herpes: An Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/aHpXYasjc3n6zhaTtoWMwK
     August 01, 2016 - MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Accuracy of screening tests, benefits of screening, harms of screening, reduction … Eli- gible outcomes included reduced rates of symptomatic episodes and transmission (including measures … For KQ4 (effects of antiviral medication on subclinical HSV-2 shedding), we included any outcome measure … with no known history of genital herpes Studies are uncontrolled; due to study design and outcome measures

808. Lipid Screening in Childhood and Adolescence for Detection of Familial Hypercholerolemia: Evidence Report and Systematic Review (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/dCH2CMqVyAzf4eyj-ch6H3
     August 09, 2016 - MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke in adulthood; lipid concentrations … Outcomes No direct evidence supports a link between lipid concentrations or measures of atherosclerosis … .65,66 Reaching agree- ment on acceptable surrogate end points, such as CIMT and other atherosclerosis measures

809. Archived: Evidence Summary: Visual Impairment in Children Ages 1-5: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary5/visual-impairment-in-children-ages-1-5-screening-2011
     January 15, 2011 - No trial evaluated the effects of treatment on school performance or other measures of function. … No trial evaluated effects of treatment compared with no treatment on school performance or other measures … 22%); mixed anisometropia and strabismus 34/97 (35%) Fair a Converted from Snellen metric measures

810. Use of Medications to Reduce Risk for Primary Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review of the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/7ZSKduUYHWKe7q_tTY9xbF
     April 01, 2013 - Limitation: Data on mortality and adherence measures and for women who are nonwhite, are premenopausal … developed selection criteria for studies based on the patient populations, interventions, outcome measures … Discriminatory accuracy is a measure of how well the model can correctly classify persons at higher risk … We also abstracted model calibration, a measure of how well predicted prob- abilities agree with actual … Measures of ad- herence and persistence in clinical trials may not be similar for patients in clinical

811. Archived: Low-Dose Aspirin Use for the Prevention of Morbidity and Mortality From Preeclampsia: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/low-dose-aspirin-use-for-the-prevention-of-morbidity-and-mortality-from-preeclampsia-preventive-medication-september-2014
     September 09, 2014 - preeclampsia, such as serum biomarkers, uterine artery Doppler ultrasonography, and clinical history and measures … Clinical measures, such as uterine artery Doppler ultrasonography, are not included.

812. Archived: Family Violence: Screening and Interventions, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/family-violence-screening-interventions-1996
     January 01, 1996 - screening protocols significantly improves the detection of abuse as a cause of trauma, 54 and similar measures … health examination, but recommended that physicians be alert for indicators of abuse and institute measures

813. Behavioral Counseling to Prevent Skin Cancer: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/5UgQm-zskVEKmcVnczHxGY
     July 01, 2012 - However, most individual measures were statistically insignificant, and overall it was difficult to de … However, these 4 studies used only crude measures of sunscreen use and did not adjust for sun exposure

814. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Carotid Artery Stenosis: Screening, December 2007 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary11/carotid-artery-stenosis-screening-december-2007
     December 15, 2007 - between 1994 and 2000 on harms of carotid endarterectomy. 48 The primary perioperative complication measure

815. Pgytn Cwqnmar9-3Du5Ste (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/PGYTn_cWQnmAr9-3du5StE
     February 01, 2016 - Outcome and Risk Factor Measures Outcome measures included rates of false-positive and false-negative … Two measures of time since the last mammography screening were evaluated to represent broad and nar- … Our goal was to provide overall rates of the out- come measures by time since the last mammography Table … Rates of Missing Data for Outcome and Risk Factor Measures for 405 191 Women Screened* Variable Women

816. Archived: Prostate Cancer: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/prostate-cancer-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - ranges. 28 , 29 Current evidence is inadequate to determine the relative superiority of any of these measures … reports without internal controls, usually involving carefully selected patients and surrogate outcome measures

817. PII: S0749-3797(01)00261-6 (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/Harris2001.pdf
     January 01, 2001 - 5 for interme- diate or health outcomes, respectively), and the associ- ation between intermediate measures … measured by a DNA probe) are often used in studies as indicators of efficacy; health out- comes are measures … Beware of surrogate outcome measures. Int J Tech Assess Health Care 1996;12:238–46. 20.

818. Using Nontraditional Risk Factors in Coronary Heart Disease Risk Assessment: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/gXnmnkofo8FxoLnCmXJDjb
     October 01, 2009 - The 5 studies rated as fair quality were primarily limited by their use of proxy measures to control … Predictive value of noninvasive measures of atherosclerosis for incident myocardial infarction: the Rotterdam

819. Screening for Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/8JYDupJfG6LdRn7A6FkqXX
     March 01, 2016 - .18 Another trial reported no effect on falls or fracture risk.19 Some studies showed improvements in measures … function and quality of life associated with cataract sur- gery, while others reported no effect on these measures

820. Archived: Drug Use, Illicit: Primary Care Interventions for Children and Adolescents | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/drug-use-illicit-primary-care-interventions-for-children-and-adolescents-march-2014
     March 11, 2014 - Research to develop and validate tools to measure current and past substance use is needed. … The studies used an unusual and difficult-to-interpret measure of drug use.