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41. Procedure Manual Section 8. Workgroups of the Task Force | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/procedure-manual/procedure-manual-section-8-workgroups-task-force
    July 08, 2017 - health, addressing methodological issues such as the challenges of identifying meaningful health outcome measures … recommendations related to the standards of evidence for behavioral counseling interventions, relevant measures

42. Archived: Final Research Plan: Syphilis Infection in Nonpregnant Adults and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan95/syphilis-infection-in-nonpregnant-adults-and-adolescents-june-2016
    September 18, 2014 - including HIV transmission; other relevant clinical outcomes; rates of infection and other similar measures … of infection KQ 2: Detection of infection KQ 3: Diagnostic accuracy (i.e., measures of … the test's sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and other related measures

43. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Child Maltreatment: Primary Care Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary13/child-maltreatment-primary-care-interventions-2013
    January 15, 2013 - Intermediate outcomes, such as referral rates, use of counseling services, or measures of parent–child … Main outcomes include measures of reduced exposure to abuse and neglect (CPS reports, removal of the … to abuse (physical injuries, death, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations), and measures … Outcome measures also differed, limiting comparisons between trials, and often included self-reported … Intervention* Outcome Measure

44. Final Research Plan: Healthy Diet, Physical Activity, and/or Weight Loss to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/behavioral-counseling-interventions-promote-healthy-diet-physical-activity-weight-loss-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-adults
    November 02, 2023 - Health outcomes: All-cause and CVD mortality CVD events Quality of life, well-being, and stress measures … KQ 2: Intermediate outcomes, including continuous measures and incidence of conditions: Blood … among adults with and without existing CVD risk factors, including high BMI or other adiposity measures

45. Individualizing Cancer Screening in Older Adults | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/individualizing-cancer-screening-older-adults
    March 01, 2021 - Measures of functional status and health-related quality of life (HRQL) need to be included in trials … Preference-based HRQL measures use a conventional scale, with death (the lack of health status) = 0.00 … Quality-adjusted life years estimated using preference-based measures are a prominent way for estimating … are good measures in older adults will be explored in an upcoming companion report. … Outcomes Assessment in Cancer: Measures, Methods, and Applications.

46. Final Evidence Summary: Illicit Drug Use in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: Primary Care-Based Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/other-supporting-document19727/drug-use-illicit-primary-care-interventions-for-children-and-adolescents
    September 03, 2020 - Nineteen trials reported a continuous measure, most commonly the number of times illicit drugs were used … Dichotomous measures were selected over continuous measures, 1-month time frames were selected over longer … trials. 26 , 28 , 56 Most general prevention trials found no group differences on mental health symptom scales … , B-weights), Cohen d.KQ indicates key question; NR, not reported; NS, not significant. a Mean value … ) in general prevention trials Group differences were rarely found for a variety of mental health scales

47. Archived: Screening and Interventions for Childhood Obesity: Where Is the Evidence? A Commentary by the Childhood Obesity Working Group of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Screening, July 2005 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/screening-and-interventions-for-childhood-obesity-where-is-t/obesity-in-children-and-adolescents-screening-2005
    July 11, 2005 - Physicians also seem to take high BMI more seriously than weight and height measures; 2 when documentation … It is important to note that the USPSTF did not recommend that primary care clinicians not weigh and measure … Although BMI is a convenient and widely agreed-upon measure of obesity, it is not clear what BMI at any … screening (and intervention) for overweight in childhood improves age-appropriate behavioral or physiologic measures … interventions lead to improved intermediate outcomes, including behavioral, physiologic or weight-related measures

48. Evidence Summary: Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/healthy-lifestyle-and-physical-activity-for-cvd-prevention-adults-without-known-risk-factors-behavioral-counseling
    July 26, 2022 - Main Outcomes and Measures: CVD events, CVD risk factors, diet and physical activity measures, and harms … The specific behavioral outcomes, measures, and units of measurement were highly variable across the … Sixteen trials (n = 5867) reported measures of sedentary behavior, independent of physical activity. … 29 , 33 , 34 , 39-41 , 46 , 50 , 62 , 82 , 89 , 102 , 116 , 119 , 130 , 136 The measures and results … First, few studies were included that reported measures of intermediate cardiometabolic outcomes, and

49. Reconsidering the Approach to Prevention Recommendations for Older Adults | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/reconsidering-approach-prevention-recommendations-older-adults
    February 01, 2014 - Studies that evaluate the efficacy of these multifactorial interventions often measure more than 1 type … These measures offer important and relevant considerations for setting goals of care, but they are not … Many outcomes are continuous or ordinal measures, designed to be sensitive across a continuum, that are … of the potential differences in benefits and harms, patient preferences, and reported health status measures … ," because of the diversity in domains and measures used to identify patients at risk for falls.

50. Final Research Plan: Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/impaired-visual-acuity-screening-older-adults
    June 04, 2020 - vision-related quality of life; functional capacity, including ability to drive and driving outcomes; other measures … specificity, positive and negative predictive values, areas under the receiver operating curve, and other measures

51. Archived: Evidence Summary: Speech and Language Delay and Disorders in Children Age 5 and Younger: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary30/speech-and-language-delay-and-disorders-in-children-age-5-and-younger-screening-july-2015
    July 07, 2015 - Similarly, measures of well-being of toddlers 65 and health-related quality of life of preschoolers … significant effect for a broader construct of literacy. 54 However, treatment did significantly improve a measure … Early language screening in city and Hackney: the concurrent validity of a measure designed for use with … Association between feeding difficulties and language delay in preterm infants using Bayley Scales of … Risk for poor performance on a language screening measure for bilingual preschoolers and kindergarteners

52. Final Evidence Summary: Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/cognitive-impairment-in-older-adults-screening
    February 25, 2020 - in which continuous outcomes were measured using a variety of different instruments with differing scales … Functional assessment scales in detecting dementia. … The IQCODE versus a single-item informant measure to discriminate between cognitively intact individuals … c Global function measure compares improving or maintaining global function vs a decline in global function … across studies, with many providing little data on precise scales used Moderate evidence of small

53. Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/njteJ388DLVsY8RLcBTe_A
    February 25, 2020 - depression measures. … in which continuous outcomes were mea- sured using a variety of different instruments with differing scales … c Global function measure compares improving or maintaining global function vs a decline in global function … Functional assessment scales in detecting dementia. … The IQCODE versus a single-item informant measure to discriminate between cognitively intact individuals

54. Archived: Healthful Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-counseling-adults-with-high-risk-of-cvd-august-2014
    August 26, 2014 - One trial, the Risk Factor Intervention Study, showed a reduction in a composite measure of CVD events … The results for self-reported quality-of-life measures were mixed. … Commonly reported intermediate outcomes included objective measures of lipid levels, blood pressure, … Participants in the intervention group also had decreases in blood pressure and lipid measures after … with reductions in measures of weight and sustained improvements in healthy lifestyle behaviors.

55. Final Research Plan: Ovarian Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan153/ovarian-cancer-screening
    March 03, 2016 - Study quality Good and fair quality, according to USPSTF criteria and supplemental quality measures … Poor quality, according to USPSTF criteria and supplemental quality measures Language English

56. Behavioral Interventions and Counseling to Prevent Child Abuse and Neglect: A Systematic Review to Update the USPSTF Recommendation (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/SUHq3jffCaucDobFXKewQ_
    February 01, 2013 - Main outcomes include measures of reduced expo- sure to abuse and neglect (CPS reports, removal of the … to abuse (physical injuries, death, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations), and measures … of studies by using the PICOTS (population, interven- tion, comparator, outcomes, timing of outcomes measure … Outcome measures were obtained from CPS reports, children’s medical charts, and parent responses on the … Main Results of Trials With Greater Than 50% Adherence to the Intervention* Outcome Measure Intervention

57. Screening for Obesity and Intervention for Weight Management in Children and Adolescents: Evidence Report and Systematic Review (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Jz4WcZ2Wy3-nV6jNUrwUzX
    June 20, 2017 - Task Force.17 We chose BMI z score as the preferred outcome because it was the only widely available measure … When pooling any weight measure, standardized mean differences in change between groups were used. … From From Mean Difference Through End of Baseline, Baseline, in Change From 12 moSource Treatment) Measure … Youth in these trials had baseline mean weights of 215 and 244 lb in the 2 studies reporting baseline … Fasting plasma glucose was the only insulin or glucose measure with sufficient data to pool.

58. Evidence Summary: High Body Mass Index in Children and Adolescents: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/obesity-in-children-and-adolescents-screening
    June 18, 2024 - Main Outcomes and Measures: BMI and other weight-related outcomes, cardiometabolic measures, quality … cardiovascular-related morbidity or mortality, were reported in only 14 studies (n = 2558); 13 of these reported a measure … CI, 0.2-3.5]; 11 RCTs [n = 1922]; I 2 = 48.4%) (eTable5, eFigure 1 in the  JAMA  Supplement; most scales … The PedsQL 4.0 as a pediatric population health measure: feasibility, reliability, and validity. … the use of child report vs parent proxy report of QoL; variation in the use of subscales vs total QoL scales

59. Recommendation: Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/cognitive-impairment-in-older-adults-screening
    February 25, 2020 - AChEIs and memantine improved measures of global cognitive function in the short term, but the magnitude … Overall, there was a small improvement in caregiver burden and depression measures, primarily in persons … A pooled analysis of 4 of these trials (n = 668) showed no improvement in caregiver depression measures … As noted, for interventions for which studies reported an improvement in measures, the average effect … Adequate evidence that AChEIs and memantine have a small effect on measures of cognitive function in

60. Evidence Summary: Skin Cancer Prevention: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/skin-cancer-counseling
    March 20, 2018 - country, inclusion criteria, age, sex, race/ethnicity), intervention details, length of follow-up, measure … The individual items and scales measuring sun protection behaviors were variable across trials and make … Measures were heterogeneous enough to preclude pooling of results. … However, a more expansive measure of skin awareness did appear to be a significant independent predictor … Sunburn: Baseline rates low in some studies; heterogeneous self-reported measures.