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141. Archived: High Blood Cholesterol and Other Lipid Abnormalities: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/high-cholesterol-other-lipid-abnormalities-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - specimens compared to venous specimens was +4-7%. 55 As a result of these considerations, a single measure … Even then, intraindividual variation is greater than 20%, and a single measure is inadequate to categorize … Whereas measures that lower serum cholesterol and provide other health benefits (e.g., regular physical … screening in asymptomatic and low-risk persons, including when to begin screening and which constituents to measure … How reliably can compact chemistry analyzers measure lipids?

142. Final Research Plan: Speech and Language Delay and Disorders in Children: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/speech-and-language-delay-and-disorders-in-children-age-5-and-younger-screening
     June 09, 2022 - expressive language, receptive language, phonology, vocabulary, syntax, and pragmatics) KQ 1, 5: Measures … reading comprehension), behavior competence, socioemotional functioning, and quality of life KQ 2: Measures

143. Evidence Summary: Skin Cancer Prevention: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/skin-cancer-counseling
     March 20, 2018 - country, inclusion criteria, age, sex, race/ethnicity), intervention details, length of follow-up, measure … The individual items and scales measuring sun protection behaviors were variable across trials and make … Measures were heterogeneous enough to preclude pooling of results. … However, a more expansive measure of skin awareness did appear to be a significant independent predictor … Sunburn: Baseline rates low in some studies; heterogeneous self-reported measures.

144. Draft Recommendation: Screening for Hypertension in Adults | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/hypertension-in-adults-screening
     June 23, 2020 - in progress Draft Recommendation Statement Screening for Hypertension in Adults June 23, 2020 Recommendations made by the USPSTF are independent of the U.S. government. They should not be construed as an official position of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality or the U.S. Department of…

145. Screening for Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women - Recommendations and Rationale (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/nnkwqkX-Nk6v3gsphVATUD
     September 01, 2002 - Because of limitations in the precision of testing, a minimum of 2 years may be needed to reliably measure … Several other radiologic methods that measure bone density at peripheral sites2 (including sites in the … difficulty in using test results to provide accurate information to the patients because techniques used to measure

146. Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Promote a Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for CVD Prevention in Adults Without Known CVD Risk Factors: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/UXw277rnvJ8e_Dfsh4V3K3
     July 26, 2022 - MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES CVD events, CVD risk factors, diet and physical activity measures, and harms … The meta-analysis of BMI measures showed a pooled difference in mean change of −0.32 (95% CI, −0.51 to … The specific behavioral outcomes, measures, and units of measurement were highly variable across the … Sixteen trials (n = 5867) reported measures of sedentary be- havior, independent of physical activity … First, few studies were included that reported measures of intermediate cardiometabolic out- comes, and

147. Sbmxphuqwo-Dc85Fj5Whf (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/_SBmXPhUQWo-dc85FJ5wHf
     February 01, 2015 - For diagnostic accuracy of confirmatory BP measure- ment methods, eligible study populations had an initial … Prediction of Cardiovascular Events by BP Measurement Method We identified a reference standard for BP measure … Although automated OBPM methods offer the advantages of repeated measure- ments in the absence of medical … On the basis of the prognostic evidence, we se- lected ABPM as the reference standard for BP measure- … the Oscar 2 ambulatory blood pressure monitor among research participants: a cross-sectional repeated measures

148. Reconsidering the Approach to Prevention Recommendations for Older Adults (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/prevmethods.pdf
     December 01, 2010 - Studies that evaluate the efficacy of these multifactorial interventions often measure more than 1 type … These measures offer important and relevant considerations for setting goals of care, but they are not … Many outcomes are contin- uous or ordinal measures, designed to be sensitive across a continuum, that … of the potential differences in benefits and harms, patient preferences, and reported health status measures … ,” because of the diversity in domains and measures used to identify patients at risk for falls.

149. Evidence Summary: Sexually Transmitted Infections: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/sexually-transmitted-infections-behavioral-counseling
     August 18, 2020 - CI, 1.10-1.56]; I 2 = 40%) ( Table 5 ).The percentage reporting condom use varied depending on the measure … Twenty-one studies (n = 13,665) reported a measure of unprotected intercourse. … Dashed line indicates the overall measure … Type of outcome measure Pooled effect estimate (95% CI) a No. b I 2 , % τ 2 Effect range c … and effect sizes across measures Measures of behavioral outcomes were heterogeneous and inconsistently

150. Recommendation: Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/vitamin-d-deficiency-screening
     April 13, 2021 - estimates are based on total 25(OH)D levels, and controversy remains about whether this is the best measure … 25(OH)D levels; however, levels can be difficult to measure accurately, and assays may underestimate … Serum total 25(OH)D levels are difficult to measure accurately, and different immunoassays can lead to … Both reported no significant difference in depression measures between vitamin D treatment and placebo … . 42 , 43 Two trials reporting on physical functioning measures reported conflicting results. 44 , 45

151. Understanding Task Force Recommendations: Screening for and Management of Obesity in Adults (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/8__HDphgyLY5sKZwnDLA4z
     June 01, 2012 - and Managing Obesity When you visit your health care professional, he or she usually weighs you and measures … Recommendation | 2 Screening for and Management of Obesity Your health care professional also might want to measure

152. Screening for Preeclampsia US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Y5p8ZXy2ydg_VZMUfxbJ-6
     April 25, 2017 - concludes with moderate certainty that screening for preeclampsia in pregnant women with blood pressure measure … Measures of anxiety over time did not change but were collected from less than half of the study participants

153. Behavioral Counseling Interventions: An Evidence-based Approach - Figure 2 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/behavioral-counseling-interventions-evidence-based-approach-figure-2
     November 01, 2013 - The next box is labeled "Intervention Condition 1," which is followed by boxes labeled "Measures of Behavior … Staying on the same line, the "Intervention" arrow leads to the next box "Measures of Behavior Change

154. Archived: Evidence Summary: Alcohol Misuse: Screening and Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/alcohol-misuse-screening-and-counseling-2004
     April 06, 2004 - not undertake a quantitative synthesis of alcohol outcomes because of the lack of a clearly superior measure … outside the clinical setting, found no significant effect on mean drinks per week, the only outcome measure … ; presumed measure (change in lifetime CAGE responses) is insensitive and lacks content, concurrent, … Logsdon et al., 1989 91 United States Poor quality: Use of single alcohol outcome measure without … The measures used to determine eligibility for the study and to measure outcomes (Substance Use Screening

155. Assessing Algorithmic Bias and Fairness in Clinical Prediction Models for Preventive Services: A Health Equity Methods Project for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/assessing-algorithmic-bias-fairness_0.pdf
     August 16, 2023 - , assessments of algorithmic bias may differ for each measure with respect to population characteristics … Further, our recommendation that performance measures be reported in specific populations may result … where some racial and ethnic groups have experienced less access to a service and the use of this measure … Reported measures of calibration should be meaningful, such as calibration plots or expected to observed … , assessments of algorithmic bias may differ for each measure with respect to population characteristics

156. Screening for Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children and Pregnant Women: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/KwYfpm4pk8GvrxuW3pQ6XU
     April 16, 2019 - Treatment options include residential lead hazard control measures, educational interventions (eg, counseling … on household dust control measures), environmental interventions (eg, soil abatement, dust or paint … Residential lead hazard control measures are usually offered to children with blood lead levels of 20 … interventions focus on parental counseling about lead exposure, hygiene, and household dust control measures … on household dust control measures), environmental interventions (eg, soil abatement, dust or paint

157. Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/h5Tt4jScmQJeHeztmo93hu
     February 25, 2020 - AChEIs and memantine improved measures of global cognitive function in the short term, but the magnitude … Among all interventions, there was no clear improvement in global or domain-specific measures of cognitive … Overall, there was a small improvement in caregiver burden and depression measures, primarily in persons … analysis of 4 of these trials (n = 668) showed no improvement in caregiver depression measures.16,17 … As noted, for interventions for which studies reported an improvement in measures, the average effect

158. Emerging Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease: A Summary of Systematic Reviews Conducted for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/wdxHdZ2U5ggjuNW-nwun8n
     October 01, 2009 - identify high-risk persons (persons with a 10-year risk �20%), who benefit from aggressive risk- reduction measures … Most studies use a hazard ratio (or other risk ratio) to measure how well a new risk factor predicts … These studies provided measures of the incremental predictive value of CAC scoring for coronary events … consensus on examination techniques and population-based standards for interpreting quantitative IMT measures … Non-HDL cho- lesterol, apolipoproteins A-I and B100, standard lipid measures, lipid ratios, and CRP as

159. Reconsidering the Approach to Prevention Recommendations for Older Adults - Figure 1 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/reconsidering-approach-prevention-recommendations-older-adults-figure-1
     December 01, 2010 - positive outcomes include a reduction in fear of falling and improvement in balance, gait, and mobility measures

160. Screening for High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/TCGujLWHVc_3Q-eAgD9qon
     November 10, 2020 - articlePDFlink%26utm_source=articlePDF%26utm_content=jama.2020.20122 Screening Tests Best practice is to measure … Various measures of association were reported across studies. … ratios ranged from 1.45 to 3.60, and hazard ratios (HRs) ranged from 2.8 to 3.2.1 Predictive accuracy measures … • The associations among childhood hypertension, adulthood hy- pertension, and surrogate measures of