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141. Skin Cancer Screening: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/wKfFrTpC8VtforKLrqGpjQ
     April 18, 2023 - MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Morbidity; mortality; skin cancer stage, precursor lesions, or lesion thickness … Measures of rela- tive cancer survival (for example, the proportion of individuals who survive for a … However, population mortality measures can be less subject to lead time bias and presence of overdiagnosis … odds of having received a clinical skin examination in people with and without skin cancer.27 Outcome measures … The current review, which focused on measures of population mortality, is consis- tent with the substantial

142. doi:10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00122-3 (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/hWzpnYXDpQzUr8U_5xY6qS
     January 01, 2003 - When performed correctly, sphygmomanometry provides a measure of blood pressure that is highly correlated … Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring provides a measure of average blood pressure over 24 hours as opposed … www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/hypertension/jncintro.htm studies found that ambulatory blood pressure measure … clinical cardiovascular outcome than clinic-based approach- es.15–17 Another review found blood pressure measure … How to measure blood pressure. JAMA 1995;273:1211–8. 13. McAlister FA, Straus SE.

143. Archived: Evidence Summary: Healthful Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Known Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/healthful-diet-and-physical-activity-for-cardiovascular-disease-prevention-in-adults-without-known-risk-factors-behavioral-counseling-july-2017
     July 11, 2017 - Studies had to report a behavioral outcome (ie, diet-, physical activity–, sedentary time–related measure … The standardized effect size when pooling 46 trials that reported any continuous measure of physical … Only 4 trials reported measures of sedentary behavior independent of physical activity behavior. … variable levels of evidence of the reliability and validity of the measures. … The tools and summary variables used to measure physical activity were even more inconsistent.

144. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Coronary Heart Disease: Screening Using Non-Traditional Risk Factors | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary16/coronary-heart-disease-screening-using-non-traditional-risk-factors-2009
     October 15, 2009 - identify high-risk persons (persons with a 10-year risk >20%), who benefit from aggressive risk-reduction measures … Most studies use a hazard ratio (or other risk ratio) to measure how well a new risk factor predicts … These studies provided measures of the incremental predictive value of CAC scoring for coronary events … consensus on examination techniques and population-based standards for interpreting quantitative IMT measures … Non-HDL cholesterol, apolipoproteins A-I and B100, standard lipid measures, lipid ratios, and CRP as

145. Archived: High Blood Cholesterol and Other Lipid Abnormalities: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/high-cholesterol-other-lipid-abnormalities-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - specimens compared to venous specimens was +4-7%. 55 As a result of these considerations, a single measure … Even then, intraindividual variation is greater than 20%, and a single measure is inadequate to categorize … Whereas measures that lower serum cholesterol and provide other health benefits (e.g., regular physical … screening in asymptomatic and low-risk persons, including when to begin screening and which constituents to measure … How reliably can compact chemistry analyzers measure lipids?

146. PII: S0749-3797(01)00255-0 (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/yw_rbA_nQrCnkaN8X5t56S
     January 01, 2001 - These measures can be used alone to determine risk and the need for treatment. … overestimate CHD risk, but it is considered sufficiently accurate for use in screening.19 Combined measures … Capillary blood samples that are used to measure total and HDL-C (so-called “point of care” testing) … Accuracy of different measures of coronary heart disease risk Test Area under ROC Curvea (6 SD) Framingham-based … cohort study, that directly incorporate age, the presence and magnitude of other risk factors, and measures

147. Archived: Evidence Summary: High Blood Pressure in Adults, Children, and Adolescents: Screening, 2003 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/high-blood-pressure-adults-children-adolescents-screening-2003
     April 01, 2003 - If performed correctly, it provides a measure of blood pressure that is highly correlated with intra-arterial … Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring provides a measure of average blood pressure over 24 hours rather … How to measure blood pressure. JAMA 1995;273(15):1211-8. 13. Birkett NJ. … Comparison of agreement between different measures of blood pressure in primary care and daytime ambulatory

148. Archived: Cost-Effectiveness Analyses of Population-Based Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Evidence Synthesis: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/cost-effectiveness-analyses-of-population-based-screening-for-abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-evidence-synthesis/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening-february-2005
     February 15, 2005 - rate, analytic approach (trial-based vs non-trial-based), study perspective, data sources, utility measures … (if any), discount rate, cost measures, cost-effectiveness results, and sensitivity analyses. … Do effect measures capture preferences or utilities? … inclusion would alter policy implications about the cost-effectiveness of AAA screening, but valid measures … evidence to estimate effectiveness i) Not capturing important utilities or preferences in effect measures

149. Final Research Plan: Breast Cancer: Medication to Reduce Risk | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/breast-cancer-medication-use-reduce-risk
     March 21, 2024 - including tumor receptor status) and DCIS; breast cancer mortality; all-cause mortality; and global measures

150. Screening for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: US Preventive Services Task Force Final Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/LNtA2SDWjpsDwjXvsH4F5m
     April 17, 2023 - risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy may help improve equitable dissemination of preventive measures … historical control were included in the evalua- tion of harms.1,38,40-45 An additional home blood pressure measure

151. ahrq12a_Summary_HBP.qxd (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/BXkaHRFGjwUCoyANeMSuTz
     January 01, 2010 - If performed correctly, it provides a measure of blood pressure that is highly correlated with intra-arterial … Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring provides a measure of average blood pressure over 24 hours rather … How to measure blood pressure. JAMA. 1995; 273(15):1211–1218. 13. Birkett NJ. … Comparison of agreement between different measures of blood pressure in primary care and daytime ambulatory

152. Archived: Child Maltreatment: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/child-maltreatment-primary-care-interventions-november-2018
     November 27, 2018 - Outcomes were characterized as direct or proxy measures. … Direct measures include direct evidence of physical, sexual, or emotional abuse or neglect; reports to … Proxy measures include injuries with a high specificity of abuse, visits to the emergency department … Other measures reviewed include social, emotional, and developmental outcomes. … /7 trials reported statistically significant improvements in developmental outcomes), 34 and other measures

153. Archived: Speech and Language Delay and Disorders in Children Age 5 and Younger: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/speech-and-language-delay-and-disorders-in-children-age-5-and-younger-screening-july-2015
     July 07, 2015 - Although the USPSTF found evidence that interventions improve some measures of speech and language for … individual screening tools across populations because individual studies used different tools and outcome measures … following: suboptimal rates of screening and low retention of trial subjects, reliance on indirect measures … speech and language outcomes. 9 The majority of the trials reported improvements in speech and language measures … found adequate evidence that treatment is associated with improvements in some speech and language measures

154. Z -5Hklbgepqpayfchveyf (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Z_-5hkLbGePQPAYFCHVEyf
     October 01, 2013 - real-world primary care practice; incorporate longer-term outcomes; encourage equal baseline and outcome measures … smoking and nicotine dependence of a child or adolescent, reliability and validity of self- reported measures … Several studies did not report spe- cific measures but reported the number of children or ad- olescents … No studies used biochemical measures to confirm self-reported measures.

155. Archived: Dementia in Older Adults: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/dementia-older-adults-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - dementia may be identified and treated, treatments to slow the progression of disease can be instituted, measures … to nausea, vomiting, or elevated liver enzymes. 53-56 Dihydroergotoxine (hydergine) improved some measures … cerebrovascular disease (treatment of hypertension, smoking cessation, aspirin therapy). 59 The effect of these measures … 62 Identifying patients with early cognitive problems allows patients and their families to take measures … The Clock test: a sensitive measure to differentiate normal elderly from those with Alzheimer's disease

156. JAMA JATS (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/pKa4_DYwzuyD6RDgYzLMbo
     August 22, 2018 - With IPV/ Total (%) Follow-up, moIPV Measure Odds Ratio (95% CI) Klevens et al,12 2012 (primary care … Difference (95% CI) –1.5 Favors IPV Intervention Favors Control No. of Participants Intervention Type Measure … a CTS-2 scales: minor physical assault, psychological aggression, sexual coercion, severe physical assault … +12 calls) 1 (+12 calls) Setting PC FP ED FP PC PC PC PC PC PC PC FP PC PC PC FP PC PC PC Measure … Item Short Form Health Survey; WHOQOL-BREF, World Health Organization Quality of Life–BREF. a CTS-2 scales

157. Archived: Osteoporosis: Screening, 2002 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/osteoporosis-screening-2002
     September 17, 2002 - Because of limitations in the precision of testing, a minimum of 2 years may be needed to reliably measure … Several other radiologic methods that measure bone density at peripheral sites 2 (including sites in … difficulty in using test results to provide accurate information to the patients because techniques used to measure

158. Emerging Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease: A Summary of Systematic Reviews Conducted for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/wdxHdZ2U5ggjuNW-nwun8n
     October 01, 2009 - identify high-risk persons (persons with a 10-year risk �20%), who benefit from aggressive risk- reduction measures … Most studies use a hazard ratio (or other risk ratio) to measure how well a new risk factor predicts … These studies provided measures of the incremental predictive value of CAC scoring for coronary events … consensus on examination techniques and population-based standards for interpreting quantitative IMT measures … Non-HDL cho- lesterol, apolipoproteins A-I and B100, standard lipid measures, lipid ratios, and CRP as

159. Final Research Plan: Aspirin Use to Prevent Preeclampsia and Related Morbidity and Mortality: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/low-dose-aspirin-use-for-the-prevention-of-morbidity-and-mortality-from-preeclampsia-preventive-medication
     September 26, 2019 - Disseminated intravascular coagulation Mental health diagnoses or symptoms Maternal mortality Measures

160. Final Research Plan: Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/statin-use-in-adults-preventive-medication
     November 05, 2020 - liver function tests or creatinine phosphokinase levels Intermediate outcomes (e.g., lipid levels, measures