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121. Final Evidence Summary: Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/cognitive-impairment-in-older-adults-screening
     February 25, 2020 - in which continuous outcomes were measured using a variety of different instruments with differing scales … Functional assessment scales in detecting dementia. … The IQCODE versus a single-item informant measure to discriminate between cognitively intact individuals … c Global function measure compares improving or maintaining global function vs a decline in global function … across studies, with many providing little data on precise scales used Moderate evidence of small

122. Archived: Healthful Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-counseling-adults-with-high-risk-of-cvd-august-2014
     August 26, 2014 - One trial, the Risk Factor Intervention Study, showed a reduction in a composite measure of CVD events … The results for self-reported quality-of-life measures were mixed. … Commonly reported intermediate outcomes included objective measures of lipid levels, blood pressure, … Participants in the intervention group also had decreases in blood pressure and lipid measures after … with reductions in measures of weight and sustained improvements in healthy lifestyle behaviors.

123. Archived: Evidence Summary: High Blood Pressure in Adults, Children, and Adolescents: Screening, 2003 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/high-blood-pressure-adults-children-adolescents-screening-2003
     April 01, 2003 - If performed correctly, it provides a measure of blood pressure that is highly correlated with intra-arterial … Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring provides a measure of average blood pressure over 24 hours rather … How to measure blood pressure. JAMA 1995;273(15):1211-8. 13. Birkett NJ. … Comparison of agreement between different measures of blood pressure in primary care and daytime ambulatory

124. Screening for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: US Preventive Services Task Force Final Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/LNtA2SDWjpsDwjXvsH4F5m
     April 17, 2023 - risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy may help improve equitable dissemination of preventive measures … historical control were included in the evalua- tion of harms.1,38,40-45 An additional home blood pressure measure

125. Archived: Evidence Summary: Lipid Disorders in Adults (Cholesterol, Dyslipidemia): Screening, 2001 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/lipid-disorders-in-adults-cholesterol-dyslipidemia-screening-2001
     April 09, 2001 - These measures can be used alone to determine risk and the need for treatment. … overestimate CHD risk, but it is considered sufficiently accurate for use in screening. 19 Combined measures … such as the TC/ HDL-C ratio will be less reliable than each individual measure, but it can also be improved … Capillary blood samples that are used to measure total and HDL-C (so-called “point of care” testing) … cohort study, that directly incorporate age, the presence and magnitude of other risk factors, and measures

126. H6Hac6B6Npcotwgszpct B (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/H6hac6B6NpcotwgSzpCt_b
     November 01, 2013 - Prospective and retrospective cohort studies that in- clude blood pressure measures and other cardiovascular … Studies that elucidate the association among childhood hypertension, adult hypertension, and surrogate measures … Studies of treatment during childhood should include an assessment of medication harms, measures of long-term … Although different reference standards were used (ambula- tory blood pressure measurement and repeated measure … As a result, intermediate measures of target end-organ injury, including physical alterations to the

127. ahrq12a_Summary_HBP.qxd (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/BXkaHRFGjwUCoyANeMSuTz
     January 01, 2010 - If performed correctly, it provides a measure of blood pressure that is highly correlated with intra-arterial … Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring provides a measure of average blood pressure over 24 hours rather … How to measure blood pressure. JAMA. 1995; 273(15):1211–1218. 13. Birkett NJ. … Comparison of agreement between different measures of blood pressure in primary care and daytime ambulatory

128. Behavioral Interventions and Counseling to Prevent Child Abuse and Neglect: A Systematic Review to Update the USPSTF Recommendation (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/SUHq3jffCaucDobFXKewQ_
     February 01, 2013 - Main outcomes include measures of reduced expo- sure to abuse and neglect (CPS reports, removal of the … to abuse (physical injuries, death, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations), and measures … of studies by using the PICOTS (population, interven- tion, comparator, outcomes, timing of outcomes measure … Outcome measures were obtained from CPS reports, children’s medical charts, and parent responses on the … Main Results of Trials With Greater Than 50% Adherence to the Intervention* Outcome Measure Intervention

129. Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/njteJ388DLVsY8RLcBTe_A
     February 25, 2020 - depression measures. … in which continuous outcomes were mea- sured using a variety of different instruments with differing scales … c Global function measure compares improving or maintaining global function vs a decline in global function … Functional assessment scales in detecting dementia. … The IQCODE versus a single-item informant measure to discriminate between cognitively intact individuals

130. Draft Recommendation: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/hypertensive-disorders-pregnancy-screening
     February 07, 2023 - risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy may help improve equitable dissemination of preventive measures

131. Individualizing Cancer Screening in Older Adults | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/individualizing-cancer-screening-older-adults
     October 01, 2017 - Measures of functional status and health-related quality of life (HRQL) need to be included in trials … Preference-based HRQL measures use a conventional scale, with death (the lack of health status) = 0.00 … Quality-adjusted life years estimated using preference-based measures are a prominent way for estimating … are good measures in older adults will be explored in an upcoming companion report. … Outcomes Assessment in Cancer: Measures, Methods, and Applications.

132. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Skin Cancer: Counseling, 2012 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary45/skin-cancer-counseling-2012
     May 15, 2012 - measures of sun exposure; or total, which are cumulative estimates of sun exposure. … Six case-control studies included some measure of total sun exposure, either during childhood, during … Most studies used crude measures of indoor tanning exposure. … Only 1 of 6 negative studies adjusted for both skin phenotype and some measure of sun exposure 90 . … Both of these studies, however, used only a crude dichotomous measure of sunscreen use.

133. Archived: Osteoporosis: Screening, 2002 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/osteoporosis-screening-2002
     September 17, 2002 - Because of limitations in the precision of testing, a minimum of 2 years may be needed to reliably measure … Several other radiologic methods that measure bone density at peripheral sites 2 (including sites in … difficulty in using test results to provide accurate information to the patients because techniques used to measure

134. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Coronary Heart Disease: Screening Using Non-Traditional Risk Factors | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary16/coronary-heart-disease-screening-using-non-traditional-risk-factors
     October 15, 2009 - identify high-risk persons (persons with a 10-year risk >20%), who benefit from aggressive risk-reduction measures … Most studies use a hazard ratio (or other risk ratio) to measure how well a new risk factor predicts … These studies provided measures of the incremental predictive value of CAC scoring for coronary events … consensus on examination techniques and population-based standards for interpreting quantitative IMT measures … Non-HDL cholesterol, apolipoproteins A-I and B100, standard lipid measures, lipid ratios, and CRP as

135. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Coronary Heart Disease: Screening Using Non-Traditional Risk Factors | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary16/coronary-heart-disease-screening-using-non-traditional-risk-factors-2009
     October 15, 2009 - identify high-risk persons (persons with a 10-year risk >20%), who benefit from aggressive risk-reduction measures … Most studies use a hazard ratio (or other risk ratio) to measure how well a new risk factor predicts … These studies provided measures of the incremental predictive value of CAC scoring for coronary events … consensus on examination techniques and population-based standards for interpreting quantitative IMT measures … Non-HDL cholesterol, apolipoproteins A-I and B100, standard lipid measures, lipid ratios, and CRP as

136. Recommendation: Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/cognitive-impairment-in-older-adults-screening
     February 25, 2020 - AChEIs and memantine improved measures of global cognitive function in the short term, but the magnitude … Overall, there was a small improvement in caregiver burden and depression measures, primarily in persons … A pooled analysis of 4 of these trials (n = 668) showed no improvement in caregiver depression measures … As noted, for interventions for which studies reported an improvement in measures, the average effect … Adequate evidence that AChEIs and memantine have a small effect on measures of cognitive function in

137. Evidence Summary: High Body Mass Index in Children and Adolescents: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/obesity-in-children-and-adolescents-screening
     June 18, 2024 - Main Outcomes and Measures: BMI and other weight-related outcomes, cardiometabolic measures, quality … cardiovascular-related morbidity or mortality, were reported in only 14 studies (n = 2558); 13 of these reported a measure … CI, 0.2-3.5]; 11 RCTs [n = 1922]; I 2 = 48.4%) (eTable5, eFigure 1 in the  JAMA  Supplement; most scales … The PedsQL 4.0 as a pediatric population health measure: feasibility, reliability, and validity. … the use of child report vs parent proxy report of QoL; variation in the use of subscales vs total QoL scales

138. PII: S0749-3797(01)00255-0 (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/yw_rbA_nQrCnkaN8X5t56S
     January 01, 2001 - These measures can be used alone to determine risk and the need for treatment. … overestimate CHD risk, but it is considered sufficiently accurate for use in screening.19 Combined measures … Capillary blood samples that are used to measure total and HDL-C (so-called “point of care” testing) … Accuracy of different measures of coronary heart disease risk Test Area under ROC Curvea (6 SD) Framingham-based … cohort study, that directly incorporate age, the presence and magnitude of other risk factors, and measures

139. Recommendation: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/hypertensive-disorders-pregnancy-screening
     September 19, 2023 - risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy may help improve equitable dissemination of preventive measures

140. Recommendation: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/adolescent-idiopathic-scoliosis-screening
     January 09, 2018 - Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spine of unknown cause with a Cobb angle (a measure … The clinician repeats the visual inspection of the spine. 1 , 4 A scoliometer, which measures the angle … improved at 12 months in the intervention group compared with marginal improvements or unchanging measures … Scoliometer A noninvasive, handheld instrument used to measure the angle of trunk rotation. … transfers the contour lines to graph paper, adds the size of rib humps and depressions, and obtains a measure