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2221. Assessing-The-Risk-Of-Bias-In-Systematic-Reviews-Of-Health-Care-Interventions (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/assessing-the-risk-of-bias-in-systematic-reviews-of-health-care-interventions-01.pdf
      May 01, 2005 - measurement bias; outcomes measures) measures) specifically validity, reliability, and variation … Choice of Outcome Measures The use of valid and reliable outcome measures reduces the likelihood of … risk reduction; selecting from multiple 9 endpoints47 or reporting on subscales of larger scales … Though the use of quantitative scales is a way to employ a transparent set of results, any weighting … Scales to assess the quality of randomized controlled trials: a systematic review.

2222. Long-Term Care for Older Adults Disposition of Comments Report (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/long-term-care-adults_disposition-comments.pdf
      November 07, 2012 - Although the time commitment is challenging to measure the burden of family care, more work should be … The MDS 3.0 includes some resident report measures. … The choice of and rationale for outcome measures is clear, and the discussion of outcome measures is … It is not clear why this was not included as an outcome measure. … The paper only addresses per user costs, which is the least important measure.

2223. Title (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/obesity-child_research-protocol.pdf
      March 31, 2010 - status), school factors (e.g., nutrition service, curriculum including physical activity, annual BMI measure … Various measures have been used in the field to assess adiposity and childhood obesity. … in the classification of obesity in adults and children, it remains controversial regarding what measures … Additionally, BMI is an indirect measure of adiposity, and thus has several limitations. 12 Other … measures, such as percentage of body fat measured via direct measures such as dual-emission X-ray

2224. Colon-Cancer-Gene-Profiling Research-Protocol (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/colon-cancer-gene-profiling_research-protocol.pdf
      March 13, 2012 - Gene expression profiles (GEPs), also known as gene expression patterns or signatures, measure the activity … New assays that measure RNA to detect tumor cells are also beyond the scope of this report. … Analytic validity relates to the reliability and validity of the test itself, that is, does it measure … GEPs measure the activity or “expression” of multiple genes in a single RNA sample, which may reflect … Analytic validity: How accurately and reliably the test measures the genotype of interest.14 Clinical

2225. Effective Health Care (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND_0332_07-29-2010.pdf
      January 01, 2010 - the analytic validity (sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, reliability) of tests designed to measure … Do measures of AV vary by assay design, method of sample collection, etc.? 3.

2226. Technical Brief: Multidisciplinary Pain Programs for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/pain-chronic/research-protocol
      July 28, 2010 - study inclusion and exclusion criteria), duration of patient followup, outcomes assessed (specific measures … Multidisciplinary Pain Programs – Components, Definitions, and Structure/Process Variables Outcomes Assessed (Measures … Outcomes Assessed (Measures and Timing) and Patient Characteristics Interacted with Therapy Study … Outcome 1 (measure & timing) Outcome 2 (measure & timing) Outcome 3 (measure & timing) Patient

2227. Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Treatments of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/ptsd-pharm-treatment/protocol
      July 10, 2018 - (if not reported, assume clinician-rated PTSD measure) All other outcome measures (list) Assessment … at each time point Method for handing missing data for primary PTSD outcome measure Results for … primary PTSD outcome measure Analysis type of primary PTSD outcome measure (ITT vs. completer) Statistical … analysis method for primary outcome* Results for other PTSD outcome measure Within group effect … size on primary PTSD outcome measure, by condition at posttreatment and each available follow up time

2228. Glaucoma-Screening Surveillance (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/glaucoma-screening_surveillance.pdf
      January 01, 2013 - RFNL thickness measures correlate well but do not have clinically acceptable agreement and therefore … Another study found that using a central corneal thickness(CCT)-based formula to correct GAT measures … One review mentioned a new detection method: the use of OCT to measure the ganglion cell complex. … of visual function (e.g., FDT), measures of optic nerve damage (e.g., HRT, OCT, and cup/disc ratio) … Beginning at age 50, using 2 or 3 screening tests (varying combinations of tonometry (IOP)/measures

2229. Community-Based Participatory Research Slides Text Version (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/lessons-presentation.pdf
      January 01, 2013 - § Literature Review of measurement tools/metrics § 258 articles; 46 studies; 224 process/outcomes measures … CE) Survey: Perceived Perspectives of Partners Slide 15 Examples: Community Engaged/Key Informant Scales … garden § Retinal screenings Slide 24 Based on provider and patient input, we added a food security measure

2230. Management of Uterine Fibroids - Evidence Summary (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/evidence-summary-cer-195-uterine-fibroids-final.pdf
      December 01, 2017 - Throughout this report, we refer to whether or not a study assessed change in specific measures including … One study reported a four percent reduction in size and those that reported volume measures documented … Studies consistently reported significant improvement in measures of quality of life symptoms (days … Four studies reporting the outcome consistently noted significant improvements in quality of life measures … Little continuity exists in approaches to measuring outcomes and use of unvalidated measures is common

2231. Kidney-Stone-Prevention Research-Protocol (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/kidney-stone-prevention_research-protocol.pdf
      June 15, 2011 - reviews also left unresolved the potential impact of patient demographics, comorbidities, biochemical measures … different dietary and pharmacological preventive treatments; the value of urine and blood biochemical measures … were added to address whether the efficacy of therapies differs according to baseline biochemical measures … whether the efficacy of therapies as measured by stone outcomes correlates with followup biochemical measures … of treatment differ according to patient baseline stone composition and blood and urine biochemical measures

2232. DEcIDE 33: Summary Variables in Observational Resesarch: Propensity Scores and Disease Risk Scores (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/observational-research-scores_research.pdf
      May 01, 2012 - Disease risk scores may also be preferable summary measures when the exposure is infrequent or consists … However, it is common to see differences in measures of risk between people exposed to different treatments … between treated and untreated individuals, the IPTW weighting approach can lead to extremely large weights … The study defines surrogate measures of cardiovascular risk factors from medical care encounters. … Conditioning on the propensity score can result in biased estimation of common measures of treatment

2233. Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 1-3: Screening, Monitoring, and Treatment (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/kidney-disease-medicine_disposition-comments.pdf
      August 01, 2012 - As a result of taking the measures described above, my GFR rose from 37 to 51 in less than six months … Relationship between early CKD and quality of life measures. … The National Quality Forum has endorsed this same performance measure. … CMS performance measure 3 advocates blood pressure <140/90 in all diabetics. … Relationship between early CKD and quality of life measures.

2234. Disposition of Comment Report for Wireless Motility Capsule Versus Other Diagnostic Technologies for Evaluating Gastroparesis and Constipation (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/wireless-motility-capsule_disposition-comments.pdf
      May 20, 2013 - No studies directly assessed using capsule internationally or in a community- based environment to measure … No mention that ROM fails to even measure colonic transit and that it lacks indication of severity. … As a result, WMC indirectly measures what GES measures but also measures another factor which can contribute … In a sense, then, wireless motility capsule indirectly measures what gastric scintigraphy measures. … The diagnostic tests measure different physiologic mechanisms, emptying of a low fat meal compared

2235. Ch 11-User-Guide-To-Ocer 130129 (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/ch_11-user-guide-to-ocer_130129.pdf
      January 03, 2012 - when estimating the possible effect of an unmeasured confounder on study results, data sets that measure … cases where it is possible that the effectiveness of specific therapies can be subject to effect measure … Alternatively, it may highlight the presence of effect measure modification and the need to comment … As part of the analysis plan, it is important to state whether measures of effect will be estimated … - Assess expected impact of unmeasured confounders on key measures of association.

2236. Health Literacy Interventions and Outcomes: An Update of the Literacy and Health Outcomes Systematic Review of the Literature | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/health-literacy/research-protocol
      January 22, 2010 - The assessment included items intended to directly measure health literacy. … Measures of disease incidence, prevalence, morbidity, and mortality . … "Low parental literacy is associated with worse asthma care measures in children." … "Testing the feasibility of an interactive learning styles measure for U.S. … "Agreement between scales in the measurement of breast cancer risk perceptions."

2237. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/health-literacy_research-protocol.pdf
      January 22, 2010 - The assessment included items intended to directly measure health literacy. …  Measures of disease incidence, prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. … Low parental literacy is associated with worse asthma care measures in children. … Testing the feasibility of an interactive learning styles measure for U.S. … Agreement between scales in the measurement of breast cancer risk perceptions.

2238. Ptsd-Adults-Trauma-Interventions Research-Protocol (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/ptsd-adults-trauma-interventions_research-protocol.pdf
      November 08, 2012 - Population, Interventions, Comparators, Outcome measures, Timing, and Setting (PICOTS) criteria for … gr=cli&prod=dts&id=overview#scales. … gr=cli&prod=dts&id=overview#scales Source: www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov Published Online: … Online: November 8, 2012 patient reports little or no distress on Subjective Units of Distress Scales … PTSD outcome measures Outcome Measure Description Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS)24, 49

2239. Ch 3-User-Guide-To-Ocer 130129 (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/ch_3-user-guide-to-ocer_130129.pdf
      September 21, 2012 - Yet, studies tend to emphasize a single measure of the impact of treatment, the ATE, which is a summary … outcomes (either a clinical event such as myocardial infarction or a change in a continuous clinical measure … , these characteristics may represent proxies for genetic differences that are more difficult to measure … Estimation and Reporting of Heterogeneity of Treatment Effects outcome measures, thereby improving statistical … Measures of exposure, outcome, and covariates should address misclassification and seek to limit potential

2240. Future Research Needs for Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/sleep-apnea-diagnosis-future_research.pdf
      February 01, 2012 - Secondly, it does not measure any health-related outcomes that would help deduce which AHI measurements … The proper outcome measure is quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained. … survey respondents’ answer to favor sleep specialists or nonspecialists with respect to any outcome measure … vs. high), the (predictive) sensitivity and the (predictive) specificity of a CPR would be a way to measure … (which are quick and easy to collect), symptoms (e.g., sleepiness scales), clinical outcomes (e.g.,